Alum as an Adjuvant in Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine

Aluminium hydroxide, Aluminium phosphate and calcium phosphate are used as adjuvant in (TT) vaccine. In this review mechanism, potency, benefits and limitations of alum adjuvant have been discussed

Short-range distance sensors for clearance measurement

This research explores types of optical sensors, other non-contact traditional sensors, eddy current sensors, as well as capacitive sensors. The study also provides analysis, working principles, performance, and properties of these sensors, including applications, measurement ranges, and price differences. The aim is to conduct experiments on displacement sensors to validate the minimum displacement measurements in micrometres. This research is intended to test whether misalignment can be measured by detecting the rotor’s displacement from its original, non-loaded position to its position after coupling with the load machine. Moreover, to select suitable sensors for detecting the small displacements by the internal clearance of the bearing in both radial and axial directions. First of all, the confocal chromatic sensor was selected as an ideal choice. However, due to limited funds, this study used eddy current sensors as the next best option. Experiments conducted in a laboratory demonstrated the capability of these sensors to measure minimum displacements in the micrometre range. Furthermore, the direct measurement of misalignment was recorded and the research successfully proved the possibility of measurements using an eddy current sensor setup

Review of Automaton Learning Algorithms with Polynomial Complexity -- Completely Solved Examples

Automaton learning is a domain in which the target system is inferred by the automaton learning algorithm in the form of an automaton, by synthesizing a finite number of inputs and their corresponding outputs. Automaton learning makes use of a Minimally Adequate Teacher (MAT). The learner learns the target system by posing membership queries to the MAT. In this chapter, I have provided completely solved examples of automaton learning algorithms. According to the best of my knowledge these are not available in any other source

Waqf as a socio-economic institution

Syed Khalid Rashid’s lead paper titled ‘Potential of Waqf in Contemporary World’ is a welcome addition to the growing literature on waqf. This brief writeup focuses more on waqf as a ‘socio-economic institution’ and to place waqf as the ‘third’ or voluntary sector of the economy. It will raise some points on a variety of important‘issues’ essential for the revival of waqf which, it is hoped, will complement the lead article. In addition, this paper will share findings and draw from a research project (of which the author was a part of) on Waqf and Higher Education (termed as LRGSWaqf), to support arguments put forward

Editorial

This issue contains papers of interest not only to academics and researchers in the field of Shariah but also is of relevance to industries like sports