Tulang: Penyokong Tubuh Manusia

Buku ini memfokuskan secara terperinci mengenai tulang manusia merangkumi aspek penyakit dan kesihatan tulang.Perbicangan dimulai dengan pengenalan kepada anatomi tulang manusia serta proses pembentukan tulang di peringkat janin,bayi,kanak-kanak,remaja,dewasa dan warga emas.Maklumat tentang penyakit tulang dan jenis keabnormalan tulang turut dikupas secara saintifik

Synergistic Interaction Between Combination of Existing Therapy with Polyphenols in Several Human Diseases: A Review

The complicated pathology of current diseases requires an intricate treatment. Today, current application of individual single-target drugs or therapeutic approaches is inadequate to target these diseases not to mentioned perceived shortcomings and presented with numerous adverse effects. The extensive and successful documented findings in natural product researches urges the need to make use of these knowledge in the development of new generation of medicine. Polyphenols are compounds naturally derived from plants and have been describe in many research to have tremendous medical benefit. Therefore, a synergistic combination of readily available drugs or other therapeutic approaches is a favourable approach to enhance efficacy, overcome toxicity and optimize safety. The objective of this review is to describe the synergistic effects between the combination of a variety of polyphenols with synthetic drugs or other therapeutic approaches which can help to improve therapeutic efficacy subsequently minimize the adverse effects of a substance targeted in various diseases focusing mainly on cancer, diabetic, microbial infections and tissue regeneration along with their underlying mechanism

Synergistic Interaction Between Combination of Existing Therapy with Polyphenols in Several Human Diseases: A Review

The complicated pathology of current diseases requires an intricate treatment. Today, current application of individual single-target drugs or therapeutic approaches is inadequate to target these diseases not to mentioned perceived shortcomings and presented with numerous adverse effects. The extensive and successful documented findings in natural product researches urges the need to make use of these knowledge in the development of new generation of medicine. Polyphenols are compounds naturally derived from plants and have been describe in many research to have tremendous medical benefit. Therefore, a synergistic combination of readily available drugs or other therapeutic approaches is a favourable approach to enhance efficacy, overcome toxicity and optimize safety. The objective of this review is to describe the synergistic effects between the combination of a variety of polyphenols with synthetic drugs or other therapeutic approaches which can help to improve therapeutic efficacy subsequently minimize the adverse effects of a substance targeted in various diseases focusing mainly on cancer, diabetic, microbial infections and tissue regeneration along with their underlying mechanism

Bone Resorption Marker Status of Pre and Postmenopausal Malay Women in Kelantan and Its Corresponding Risk Factors (Status Petanda Resorpsi Tulang dalam Kalangan Wanita Melayu Pra dan Pascamenopaus di Kelantan dan Faktor Risiko yang Sepadan)

Menopause is the most prevalent cause of accelerated bone loss in women. Biochemical markers of bone resorption can be used clinically to predict future bone loss. This study aimed to determine the level of bone resorption markers in healthy pre and postmenopausal Malay women and determine their association with the risk. A total of 150 healthy women were recruited for this study (51 pre and 99 postmenopausal subjects). Data on socioeconomic, lifestyle habit and clinical were gained by personal interview. Fasting serum was collected to measure both C-telopeptide (CTx) and N-telopeptide (NTx) of type 1 collagen. Both markers were highly correlated with each other (r=0.568, p<0.001). Both intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variations (CV) of NTx were higher than those of CTx (8% and 12% vs 6% and 5%). The mean CTx values of pre and postmenopausal subjects were comparable with the expected values (0.2833 (0.1769) ng/mL and 0.4323 (1.851) ng/mL compared with 0.287 and 0.438 ng/mL, respectively). The NTx value for premenopausal subjects were higher than the expected values (15.2 (8.10) compared to 12.6 (3.20) nM BCE). The median was 19.929 nM BCE. The mean CTx and NTx levels of postmenopausal subjects were significantly lower than premenopausal subjects (p<0.05). The risk factors for bone resorption in this population were duration of menopause, marital status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and education level. In conclusion, postmenopausal women showed a higher bone resorption, indicating higher bone loss. Increasing education and physical activity intervention might be effective to ensure better health in Malaysian older population. Menopaus adalah faktor utama yang mempercepatkan kadar hakisan tulang dalam kalangan wanita. Petanda biokimia bagi hakisan tulang boleh digunakan secara klinikal untuk meramal kehilangan jisim tulang. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti aras resorpsi tulang wanita pra dan pascamenopaus serta mengenal pasti faktor risiko resorpsi tulang dalam golongan ini. Seramai 150 subjek terlibat dalam kajian ini (51 pra dan 99 pascamenopaus). Data sosioekonomi, gaya hidup dan data klinikal diperoleh melalui temu bual secara individu. Serum subjek ketika berpuasa digunakan untuk menentukan petanda resorpsi tulang N- dan C- ‘terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen’ (NTx dan CTx). Kedua-dua petanda resorpsi tulang ini mempunyai perkaitan yang tinggi (r=0.568, p<0.001). Kedua-dua ‘intra’ dan ‘inter-assay’ pekali ubah (CV) untuk NTx adalah lebih tinggi berbanding CTx (8% dan 12% vs 6% dan 5%). Nilai min CTx wanita pra- dan pascamenopaus dalam kajian ini sebanding dengan nilai jangkaan (0.2833 (0.1769) ng/mL dan 0.4323 (1.851) ng/mL berbanding 0.287 dan 0.438 ng/mL). Nilai NTx bagi wanita pramenopaus adalah lebih tinggi berbanding nilai jangkaan (15.2 (8.10) berbanding 12.6 (3.20) nM BCE). Nilai median adalah 19.929 nM BCE. Nilai min CTx dan NTx bagi subjek pascamenopaus adalah lebih tinggi berbanding subjek pramenopaus (p<0.05). Faktor risiko resorpsi tulang bagi populasi ini adalah tempoh pascamenopaus, status perkahwinan, indeks jisim badan (BMI), aktiviti fizikal dan tahap pendidikan (p<0.05). Kesimpulannya, wanita pascamenopaus mempunyai aras petanda resorpsi tulang yang menggambarkan kadar kehilangan tulang yang lebih tinggi. Meningkatkan tahap pendidikan dan intervensi aktiviti fizikal mungkin merupakan langkah yang berkesan bagi memastikan kesihatan tulang yang lebih baik dalam kalangan populasi warga tua di Malaysia

The Potential Role of Quercus Infectoria Gall Extract on Osteoblast Function and Bone Metabolism

The galls of the Quercus infectoria (QI) tree are traditionally believed to have great medicinal value. Pharmacologically the galls are claimed to have various biological activities such as astringent effect, antidiabetic, antitremorine, local anaesthetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and many more. These pharmacological activities of gall extracts were reported to be due to its excellent antioxidant activity with phytochemicals constituents of phenolic and flavanoid compounds. The phenolic compounds or polyphenols can act on bone metabolism by modulating os-teoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization, as well as osteoclastogenesis. In addition, elemental and phys-ico-chemical analysis indicated the presence of important minerals in QI, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, oxygen, potassium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel and silica. The current review will be focusing on the potential bone health benefits of the well-known traditional herbal medicine, QI or locally known as the “manja-kani”

Proximate Composition and Determination of Epigallocatechin Gallate Content in Melon Manis Terengganu

Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT), Cucumis melo L., is a newly developed variety of melon introduced specifically for Terengganu. MMT has been claimed to have a high antioxidant value. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has become one of the leading naturally derived polyphenols studied for its potential health benefits. In the present study, the proximate composition and EGCG content of MMT were determined and compared among the fruit parts (flesh, seeds, and peels). The powdered samples have undergone proximate analyses followed by the determination of EGCG concentration using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result revealed that MMT seed has highest protein (27.99 ± 0.36%), fat (28.79 ± 0.32%) and crude fibre (31.64 ± 1.25%) contents as compared to peel and flesh. MMT peel contained the highest carbohydrate (67.48 ± 0.37%) as compared to flesh and seed. The EGCG concentrations of MMT seed, flesh and peel were significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) among one another with MMT peel as the highest EGCG concentration (0.042 ± 0.003 mg/mL). Therefore, MMT peel has the potential to consider as new sources of natural antioxidants for food and nutraceutical products as it contained the highest EGCG concentration as compared to seed and fles

THE EFFECTS OF OPEN FIELD EXPOSURE ON THE ANXIETY AND LOCOMOTIVE BEHAVIOR OF ADULT MALE WISTAR RATS IN ELEVATED PLUS MAZE

Anxiety is a multifaceted emotional disorder which requires multiple research models for effective assessment of the condition. Usually, a large number of animals will be used for a single study which will not be reused in other studies. The use of different groups of animals for different aspects of any study may create inter-subject variations that can confound the observed results. Objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pre-exposure to open field (OF) on the anxiety and locomotor behaviors of male adult Wistar rats in elevated plus maze (EPM). We evaluated the effect of pre-exposure in OF on the anxiety and locomotor behaviors of rats at 3 different time intervals. The control group consisted of rats which underwent single exposure in EPM, and the other three groups consisted of rats which underwent a pre-exposure in OF immediately before the EPM session, 2 days before the EPM session, and a week before the EPM session. Our results show that there was no significant effect of OF pre-exposure on the anxiety and the locomotive behavior of rats in EPM at these 3 different intervals. In conclusions, these tests can be conducted successively with minimum time duration in the gap between these two tests