Diagnostic de la Leptospirose Humaine : Méthodes de Détection de la Maladie

Leptospirosis is caused by infection with pathogenic leptospires: helical, shaped motile spirochetes which belong to the the order spirochaetales family leptospiracae, genus leptospira. Has a composition similar to other Gram-negative bacteria, but with less endotoxic activity. They are responsible for worldwide zoonosis. The core determinants of transmission are the present of carriers, particularly wild rodents, suitable environment for survival of leptospires and interaction between human, animals and environment. Serology remains the key diagnostic. Several serological techniques are available but the gold standard remains the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), reserved to specialized laboratories because they require the maintenance of twenty strains.La leptospirose est une infection causée par les leptospires pathogènes: hélicoïdal, en forme de spirochètes mobiles qui appartiennent à l'ordre du Spirochaetales familiale leptospiracae, genre Leptospira. Cette bactérie a une composition semblable à d'autres bactéries Gram-négatives, mais avec une activité endotoxique faible. Les facteurs déterminants  et essentiels de la transmission sont la présence des réservoirs, particulièrement des rongeurs sauvages, un environnement propice à la survie des leptospires et l'interaction entre les humains, les animaux et l'environnement. La sérologie reste l'examen clé du diagnostic. Plusieurs techniques sérologiques sont disponibles mais la technique de référence reste le microscopic agglutination test (MAT), réservé à des laboratoires spécialisés car nécessitant l’entretien d’une vingtaine de souches

Forme ictérique de la Leptospirose Humaine: présentation d’un cas à El Jadida, Maroc

Leptospirosis has been scarcely described in Morocco and is probably underestimated in the current local medical practices. In October 2010, one patient, 22 years old, was admitted to Mohamed V hospital in El Jadida presenting clinical symptoms assimilable with leptospirosis and hospitalized for biological investigation of leptospirosis markers by serology techniques (Elisa-IgM test and the micro-agglutination reference test) and receiving adequate care and treatment. Seven serogroups of Leptospira have been identified: L. bataviae, L.canicola, L. cynopteri, L. hebdomadis, L.icterohaemorrhagiae, L. patoc (non pathogenic), L. pyrogenes, illustrating a probable wide range of animal reservoir hosts, with predominance of L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. patoc.Au  Maroc, La  leptospirose est jusqu’à présent peu étudiée et probablement sous- estimée. En octobre 2010, un patient,  âgé de 22 ans, a été admis à l’hôpital Mohamed V d’El Jadida pour un syndrome assimilable à la leptospirose et a été hospitalisé pour recherche des marqueurs biologiques de cette infection par techniques sérologiques (Elisa- IgM et test de microagglutination) et réception  de  soins  et  traitement adéquats. Sept  sérogroupes de Leptospira(L.) ont été identifiés : L. bataviae, L. canicola, L. cynopteri, L.hebdomadis, L.icterohaemorrhagiae, L. patoc (reconnue non pathogène), L. pyrogenes illustrant ainsi la grande diversité des hôtes réservoirs avec prédominance de L.icterohaemorrhagiae et Leptospira patoc

Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis Gross Lesions in Doukkala slaughterhouses, Morocco

In Morocco, tuberculosis (TB) is a major zoonotic disease with very serious hygienic and economic impacts. Our study aimed to investigate bovine tuberculosis in two Moroccan slaughterhouses in Doukkala area based on the observation of macroscopic gross lesions. 4198 cattle were examined for tuberculosis lesions during the period of end of May 2014 to July 2015.The results showed that 64.4% of cattle with TB lesions were male with a dominant age of less than or equal to 2 years (67.2%). Females represented only 35.6% with a dominant age between 4 and 8 years (62.3%). The dominant breed was the cross breed of imported and local breeds with 95.4%. Tuberculosis-like lesions were observed in 194 animals (4.6%) including 10 (5.15 %) of generalized and 184 (94.85 %) of localized lesions, mainly encountered in the lungs (44.83%), the head lymph nodes (42.32%) the liver and its associated lymph nodes (9.41%). An estimated overall daily prevalence of 4.6% and a daily average of 5.4% (95% CI: 4.7 - 6.1%) were noted. Compared data obtained from the slaughter database 1.97 % (95% CI: 1.8 – 2.4), this prevalence is more than twice of estimated average (RR=2.34). This assumes that routine inspection leaves more than 50% of animals with suspicious lesions. On the other hand, 390 gross lesions were collected for culturing. An isolation frequency of Mycobacterium of 85.6% was obtained and the LPJ and Herrold seem to be the best culture media

Standardization of insurance operations and risk assessment and edition of manual for recognition of management and natural disaster risks in shrimp farms, and feasibility study of insuring shrimp hatcheries

According to achieve sustainable production in shrimp farming industry, it is necessary to provide the relief of producers through insurance. Aquaculture faces various environmental conditions such as unpredictable climate changes, epidemic diseases, harsh water factors, that may affect the production cycle, and impact on producer's life. In this research, the effects of various factors on production of cultured shrimp have been studied. The project conducted through completion of questionaries by random selected of small scale farms, and all large farms which engaged in production in that years. In order to increase the accuracy of responses, special questionnaires provided to fill in by expertise experts. All data explained the share of management and natural factors on production process