Hvordan kan barnehagen tilpasse opplæringen til flerspråklige barn med sen språkutvikling?

Mange barnehagebarn med flerspråklig bakgrunn tilegner seg majoritetsspråket som en naturlig del av språkutviklingen. Med språket kommer også sosialiseringsprosessene og man ser barnegruppen som en kommunikativ helhet. Det er derimot noen barn som har vansker med å tilegne seg språk, og kan havne utenfor de uformelle og pedagogstyrte sosialiseringsarenaene. For disse barna blir det viktig å sette inn ressurser og tiltak for å så tidlig som mulig forsøke å motvirke at språket blir et hinder for videre utvikling. Språkvansker er et stort og komplekst begrep. Det kan være en møysommelig jobb å finne frem til diagnostiske årsaker som forklarer vanskene, og en av utfordringer fagfolk står ovenfor når det gjelder et barn med annet morsmål enn norsk, er blant annet mulighetene til detaljert kartlegging og vurdering. Et av motivene for denne oppgaven er å se på hvordan vi kan gi barna støtte så tidlig som mulig, slik at de får en god opplevelse av å være aktør i egne omgivelser

European Shark Fisheries: A Preliminary Investigation into Fisheries, Conversion Factors, Trade Products, Markets and Management Measures

Recommends new regulations to prevent shark finning -- an illegal practice in which a shark's fins are removed and its carcass dumped at sea -- and stresses the urgent need for effective shark conservation measures

Three-dimensional micro-siting of offshore wind farms

Norsk: Denne masteroppgaven undersøker en metode for tredimensjonal micro-siting for vindparker på havområdet Sørlige Nordsjø II, ved simulering i programmet WindSim. For å gjøre dette er prosjektet er delt opp i to deler for å undersøke metoden på områder med forskjellige vindforhold. I Prosjekt Case 1 er faktiske vinddata fra Sørlige Nordsjø II blitt brukt. Dette havområdet har vindforhold med relativt høye vindhastigheter, med et gjennomsnitt på omtrent 10.4 m/s. Denne delen av prosjektet inneholder simulering med to forskjellige vindturbiner med kapasitet på 5 MW og 15 MW. Den andre delen av prosjektet, Prosjekt Case 2, er en virtuell del som inkluderer vinddata med lavere vindhastigheter, med et gjennomsnitt på 7.7 m/s. Dette inkluderer gjennomsnittlig 2-3 m/s lavere vindhastigheter enn i Project Case 1. I Del 2 av prosjektet er det samme geografiske området som i Del 1 brukt med 15 MW-turbinen. Engelsk (inkludert i oppgaven): This master's thesis investigates a three-dimensional micro-siting approach for wind farms on the offshore wind site Southern Northsea II by wind farm simulation in the software WindSim. For this, two project cases, one with two parts, are made to investigate the approach for different wind speed regimes. In Project Case 1, the offshore site's actual wind data is used, including a wind regime with relatively high wind speeds and a mean wind speed of approximately 10.4 m/s. This project case includes a simulation with two different turbines with 5 MW and 15 MW installed capacity in Parts 1 and 2, respectively. The second project case, Project Case 2, is a virtual project case that includes wind data with lower wind speeds than the previous cases and a wind turbine of 15 MW. This wind regime includes a mean wind speed of approximately 7.7 m/s

Creation and Control of Gaits for the SemiQuad Robot

The first part of the thesis consisted of the creation of a mathematic model of the SemiQuad robot, and the exploration and discovery of suitable walking motions.The second part of the thesis consisted in using the walking motions as a reference for implementing the gaits of the SemiQuad with suitable control action

The use of Eye Tracking Technology in Maritime High-Speed Craft Navigation

publishedVersio

Friendly Panda or Roaring Dragon? Assessing whether trade with China increases Latin American countries’ commodity dependence

MasteroppgaveSAMPOL350MASV-SAP

Control of position sensor input to Ecdis on high speed craft

Project thesis submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Position and Navigation Technology at The University of NottinghamBy 2018 all larger ships are to be equipped with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). The paradigm shift from paper charts to electronic charts has been a technological leap for mariners, and the Integrated Navigation Systems (INS) are getting more and more complex. This leads to new challenges for the navigators of today. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GPS are the primary position sensor input for ECDIS, and it has since its early beginning in the middle of the 1990s been very reliable. National and worldwide statistics show that there has been a slight increase in navigational accidents since the introduction of ECDIS, but the reasons for this is not clear. In the literature review it is laid down that position sensors have its potential fault, and GNSS and its augmentation systems is described to better understand its advantageous and limitations. Control of ECDIS with position control methods are explored, and divided into two methods of control: Visual- and Conventional methods. Through field work, simulator tests and interviews the findings are clear. The navigators of today rely too much upon their primary position sensor which normally is a GNSS such as GPS. A questionnaire reveals that the navigators have insufficient deeper system knowledge of the navigation aids in use. This can lead to a potentially serious accident with loss of lives and large environmental damage. To achieve safe navigation it is important to continuously conduct control of primary position sensor input to ECDIS with a secondary position sensor by visual- and/or conventional control methods. The advantages and limitations with the different methods of control are discussed. Position sensors such as GNSS can fail, and navigators of today and tomorrow need to monitor the position sensor input to ECDIS with other means than GNSS

The use of Eye Tracking Technology in Maritime High-Speed Craft Navigation

The change from paper charts to Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) has been regarded as a paradigm shift in maritime navigation. The traditional navigator skills have been challenged with the introduction of integrated navigation systems, but as we have learned from the possibilities and limitations of technology, it has become clear that the craftsmanship of navigation is still needed. There have been discussions regarding the introduction of technology at the ship bridge, and it has become clear that it induces both new possibilities and challenge. The navigator has always had an important role in conducting safe navigation, and the main job related to navigation has been to find and fix the position to keep the vessel safe. With the introduction of electronic navigation, the vessel’s position is provided in more-or-less real time. The navigator’s role has changed from finding and fixing the position to monitoring the position presented in the navigation system. This has been an important move for the safety at sea, but new challenges such as ECDIS-assisted grounding have emerged. This led to a discussion of the role of the navigator in integrity monitoring of the navigation system, which further demands a certain level of understanding of the sensors and systems in use (system awareness). The introduction of technology has not only had a positive impact on the navigation task, and the literature reviews highlights that some electronic navigation aids can be inefficient. The literature review also highlights the need for Human-Centred Design (HCD) as a process to design or redesign equipment to the navigator’s needs. The Royal Norwegian Navy (RNoN) has been pursuing the state of electronic navigation, which primarily means no use of paper charts, since 2014. Along the way, several interesting observations have been made. This mainly involves the trust in the presentation of the position in the navigation system, and the level of system awareness of the navigators. The Navigation Simulators at the RNoN Navigation Competence Centre (NCC) has been increasingly used by the operational crews and in training of the new navigators, and there have been clear indications of the effectiveness of using navigation simulators. Especially the Skjold-Class Bridge Navigation Simulator has been extensively used by the Corvette service, and the feedback has been positive. There has been identified a need for a better understanding of these assertions. Eye Tracking Technology has rapidly evolved the last ten years, and there has been an increased interest towards the technology within the domain of Human-Computer Interaction. With the introduction of Eye Tracking Glasses (ETGs), data collection of participants’ eye movements has been made possible outside the laboratory. There has not been much use of ETGs in the maritime domain, but in the few studies eye tracking technology has been used; the value of such data has been highlighted. This thesis has used ETGs to better understand the work of the High-Speed Craft (HSC) navigator, by collecting eye tracking data both in field studies and in simulator studies. The aim of the data collection has been to gain a better understanding of the visual attention of the HSC navigator, and to analyse if the eye tracking data can be used in a maritime usability study. Two different ETGs has been used in the data collection, and the pros and cons of these are presented. Three primary data collections have been completed, and a total of more than 11.5 hours of eye tracking data has been analysed and evaluated. The data analysis has resulted in a deeper knowledge of the visual attention of the HSC navigator, having gained insight into the use of eye tracking data in a design review of the Skjold-class Corvettes. The visual attention of the HSC navigator has been compared in a field- and simulator study, and there are clear indications of the simulators providing similar training outcome as live navigation training. However, there are differences in the numerosity measurements that needs to be accounted for when designing simulator navigation exercises. The numerosity measurements and visualizations maps have been used to conduct a maritime usability study of the Skjold-class Corvettes, and the findings and results have been implemented in a Mid-Life Update (MLU) of the navigation bridge of the Corvettes. The eye tracking data analysis shows clear indications of time-stealing displays, and the need for the HSC navigator’s attention to be addressed to the surroundings of the vessel has been highlighted. This resulted in a design review of the bridge layout of the Skjold-Class Corvette, together with a new High-Speed Craft Route Monitor Window (HSCRMW) Graphical User Interface (GUI). The findings from the thesis have been implemented on board the Skjold-class Corvettes, and will be adapted in the RNoN fleet. When validating the new bridge layout and design by collecting the third eye tracking data set, the findings highlights the importance of familiarisation with new software. Establishment of the Areas of Interest (AOIs) for the HSC Navigator has provided valuable insight into the visual attention of the navigator, and the thesis presents a suggested Scan Pattern for the Maritime Navigator based on these findings. The Navigator’s Situation Awareness (SA) model is presented and discussed, and the importance of system awareness as an inherent part of SA is underlined. The use of ETGs to collect eye tracking data in maritime HSC navigation to better understand the navigation task of the HSC navigator has shown good potential. When utilizing eye tracking data in maritime usability studies, the importance of supporting data, such as qualitative data, for the eye tracking data is emphasised. The use of the HCD-process in maritime usability studies when utilizing eye tracking data is supported

Maritime usability study by analysing Eye Tracking data

The aim of the Integrated Navigation System (INS) on a ship bridge should be to provide the navigator with added value and aid in the complex task of conducting a safe and efficient passage in high speeds in demanding waters. This article presents a method for analysing eye tracking data to reveal sub-optimal design in the bridge layout and in the software graphical user interface on a maritime navigation display. The analysis of eye tracking data with focus on scan path events indicates sub-optimal design, and the paper provides suggestions for improvement in design and interface. Pros and cons of using Eye Tracking Glasses in a maritime environment is presented. The importance of not affecting the normal behaviour of the navigator by collecting data is stressed, and also how the software should provide good visualisation and interpretation of the eye tracking data

Research ship of opportunity – Le Commandant Charcot to the North Pole

This article will present the data collection from the Norwegian scientists' research project on board Le Commandant Charcots North Pole expedition in AugustSeptember 2023, with a scope within Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Communication Satellites and Ice Buoys. Operational testing in the artic environment is of particular interest, due to its high latitude, remoteness, increased traffic and a need for operational data on the availability and reliability of satellite services in the High North