Object Recognition And Morris Water Maze To Detect Cognitive Impairment From Neurodegenerative Diseases In Rats.

Cognitive dysfunction refers to a variety of learning disabilities that affect problem solving, language, attention, memory, and decision making. Cognitive impairment occurs in a variety of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, focal dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Cognitive impairment is a condition in which people have difficulty remembering, learning, reasoning, and making decisions about new things that affect their daily lives. A cognitive disorder refers to a disorder of one or more cognitive functions, and depending on the severity of the disorder, it can be classified into mild mental disorders and dementia. Treatments for learning disabilities include physical activity, cognitive training and exercise, and proper sleep and relaxation techniques can be beneficial for mental health. The Mediterranean diet may help people with mental disorders. The Morris water maze (MWM) is a comprehensive learning test for rats that relies on long distances from a starting point along the perimeter of an open swimming area to find an underwater discharge platform, and the MWM is one of the most widely used paradigms. Assess hippocampus-based learning and memory. The MWM test has become one of the most widely used research tools in various areas of behavioral neuroscience. This review details the Morris water maze model, risk factors, current treatments, and animal studies in psychological disorder

Formulation and Development of Transdermal Patches of Glibenclamide and Comparative Effect of Various Herbal Extracts on Ex Vivo Release

  In the pursuit of crafting and assessing transdermal patches containing Glibenclamide, this investigation was chiefly orchestrated. Diverse polymers were harnessed in this endeavour, and a pivotal exploration into the influence of extracts derived from Capsicum Fruit extract on the bioavailability of Glibenclamide was conducted. The congruence between the physical and chemical attributes of the medication and the foundation of the patches underwent scrupulous scrutiny via Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The findings yielded no discordance in physical and chemical properties between the medication and the patch base. A comprehensive evaluation of the formulated transdermal patches ensued, encompassing assessments of weight variance, plumpness, folding endurance, humidity levels, moisture retention, ex-vivo drug release, and ex-vivo drug absorption. The discerning diffusion analyses were executed through the utilization of the Franz Diffusion cell and Everted gut Sac method. The most optimal formulation, denoted as F15, exhibited the following characteristics: a thickness of 0.247±0.005mm, uniform weight distribution at 0.170±0.102gm, moisture uptake of 7.312±1.12%, moisture content at 5.045±0.214%, and drug content measuring 80.80±0.91%. Furthermore, it demonstrated an impressive folding endurance of 25±3.33. The pinnacle of its performance manifested in a cumulative drug release percentage of 70.74±1.15 within an 8-hour timeframe and an absorption rate of 4.341±0.34% in a span of 120 minutes

Evaluation of Phytochemical & Antimitotic Potential of Annona Reticulata Extracts by Onion Root Model

This study investigated photochemical investigation and extraction methods with polar and non-polar solvent which could be used to compare and see the effectiveness of each on the chromosomes. The FTIR spectrum shows the presence of acetogenins in the extracts. Cytotoxic effects were studied using Allium cepa root tip cells. Eight onion bulbs were subjected to the treatment groups which were made using water, methanol, Ethyl acetate, acetone and hexane extracts of A. reticulata. Three different concentrations from each extraction solvent were used. The A. cepa root tip cells were subjected for 24 h to three different leaf extractions after left to grow in water. Concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 mg/L were used. All studied concentrations of A. reticulata methanol extract showed significant (p < 0.05) drop in the mean mitotic index when compared with control Overall decrease in MI was contributed to by all the stages of mitosis

Voice Assistant based Telecommunication System Tele-Bot

In this research we are aiming to plan, develop and deploy a model which is based on voice recognition. We trying to inculcate algorithm which are based on machine learning and also using artificial intelligence technology. We are learning the stages of voice recognition technology, depth of its working accuracy, probabilistic use cases, and system friendliness with the help of Python Programming Language. In order to increase the efficiency of system we are going to take response time into consideration which is crucial requirement into current environment. Python is easy to learn, High Level, Power full programming Scripting language. Fully developed voice recognition modules are to be used for development of our research oriented topic.</jats:p

Resistive switching and synaptic properties modifications in gallium-doped zinc oxide memristive devices

The massively parallel computing capabilities of the human brain can be mimicked with the help of neuromorphic computing approach and this can be achieved by developing the electronic synaptic device. In the present work, we have synthesized gallium-doped ZnO thin films using a cost-effective hydrothermal method and characterized the thin films using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, gallium-doped ZnO memristive devices were developed using standard procedure and electrically characterized for the neuromorphic application. In particular, resistive switching and synaptic properties of gallium-doped ZnO thin films were investigated. The bipolar resistive switching with an analog memory like behavior was observed in the developed memristive devices. In the present case, good synaptic properties, endurance, and retention characteristics were observed for 0.5% Ga doped memristive device. Our results suggested that the synaptic weight, potentiation-depression, and symmetric Hebbian learning can be tuned with properly engineering the ZnO memristive device with appropriate gallium doping. The detailed analysis of I-V results suggested that resistive switching is occurred due to Ohmic and Schottky conduction mechanisms. Keywords: Memristive device, Resistive switching, Gallium doped ZnO, Electronic synapse, Potentiation and depression, Hebbian learnin

Efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies, sotrovimab and BRII-196 plus BRII-198, for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (TICO): a randomised controlled trial

We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies (sotrovimab [Vir Biotechnology and GlaxoSmithKline] and BRII-196 plus BRII-198 [Brii Biosciences]) for adults admitted to hospital for COVID-19 (hereafter referred to as hospitalised) with COVID-19. In this multinational, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 [TICO]), adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalised with COVID-19 at 43 hospitals in the USA, Denmark, Switzerland, and Poland were recruited. Patients were eligible if they had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms for up to 12 days. Using a web-based application, participants were randomly assigned (2:1:2:1), stratified by trial site pharmacy, to sotrovimab 500 mg, matching placebo for sotrovimab, BRII-196 1000 mg plus BRII-198 1000 mg, or matching placebo for BRII-196 plus BRII-198, in addition to standard of care. Each study product was administered as a single dose given intravenously over 60 min. The concurrent placebo groups were pooled for analyses. The primary outcome was time to sustained clinical recovery, defined as discharge from the hospital to home and remaining at home for 14 consecutive days, up to day 90 after randomisation. Interim futility analyses were based on two seven-category ordinal outcome scales on day 5 that measured pulmonary status and extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19. The safety outcome was a composite of death, serious adverse events, incident organ failure, and serious coinfection up to day 90 after randomisation. Efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population, defined as all patients randomly assigned to treatment who started the study infusion. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04501978. Between Dec 16, 2020, and March 1, 2021, 546 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to sotrovimab (n=184), BRII-196 plus BRII-198 (n=183), or placebo (n=179), of whom 536 received part or all of their assigned study drug (sotrovimab n=182, BRII-196 plus BRII-198 n=176, or placebo n=178; median age of 60 years [IQR 50–72], 228 [43%] patients were female and 308 [57%] were male). At this point, enrolment was halted on the basis of the interim futility analysis. At day 5, neither the sotrovimab group nor the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group had significantly higher odds of more favourable outcomes than the placebo group on either the pulmonary scale (adjusted odds ratio sotrovimab 1·07 [95% CI 0·74–1·56]; BRII-196 plus BRII-198 0·98 [95% CI 0·67–1·43]) or the pulmonary-plus complications scale (sotrovimab 1·08 [0·74–1·58]; BRII-196 plus BRII-198 1·00 [0·68–1·46]). By day 90, sustained clinical recovery was seen in 151 (85%) patients in the placebo group compared with 160 (88%) in the sotrovimab group (adjusted rate ratio 1·12 [95% CI 0·91–1·37]) and 155 (88%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group (1·08 [0·88–1·32]). The composite safety outcome up to day 90 was met by 48 (27%) patients in the placebo group, 42 (23%) in the sotrovimab group, and 45 (26%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group. 13 (7%) patients in the placebo group, 14 (8%) in the sotrovimab group, and 15 (9%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group died up to day 90. Neither sotrovimab nor BRII-196 plus BRII-198 showed efficacy for improving clinical outcomes among adults hospitalised with COVID-19. US National Institutes of Health and Operation Warp Spee