USING HOMOPHONE GAMES TO IMPROVE PRONUNCIATION FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT

The objective of this research is to prove that the use of homophone games can improve pronunciation of the eleventh grade students at SMKN 1 Sojol. This research applied pre-experimental research design. The sample of this research was 21 eleventh grade students of ATPH 1 (Agribisnis Tanaman Pangan dan Horticultura) as known as Agriculture major, consisting of 21 students. The sample was selected by using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by administering a pronunciation test conducted before and after treatment, called pre-test and post-test. The result of pre-test and post-test shows that the mean score of pre-test is 34.44, and the mean score of post-test is 76.19. The result of data is analyzed statically by applying t-test formula. The result of data analysis shows that the value of the t-counted is(4.30) was higher than the t-table value (1.725) by applying 0.05 level of significance and 20 degree of freedom (df) 21-1 =20. The implication of this finding is to the betterment of teaching pronunciation is that the teacher needs to use  Homophone Games to improve students’ pronunciation.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa penggunaan permainan homofon dapat meningkatkan pelafalan siswa kelas sebelas di SMKN 1Sojol. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra experiment. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 21 siswa kelas sebelas ATPH 1 (Agribisnis Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura) dikenal sebagai jurusan pertanian, terdiri dari 21 siswa. Sampel dikumpukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan tes pelafalan yang dilakukan sebelum  dan sesudah perlakuan, yang disebut pre-test and post-test. Hasil pre-test menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pre-test adalah 34.44, dan nilai rata-rata post-test adalah76.19. Hasil data dianalisis secara statis dengan menerapkan rumus uji-t. hasil analisis data menunjjukan bahwa nilai t-hitung (4.30) lebih besar dari t-tabel (1,725) dengan menerapkan taraf signifikansi 0,05 dan 20 derajat kebebasan (df) 21-1=0. Implikasinya dari temuan ini adalah untuk perbaikan pengajaran pengucapan adalah bahwa guru perlu menggunakan permainan homofon untuk meningkatkanpengucapan sisw

Characterization of the principal and secondary islets during pancreatic development in zebrafish with a CRISPR-mediated Glis3 knockout

The Krüppel-like transcription factor, Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) has been implicated in several human pathologies including neonatal diabetes, congenital hypothyroidism, and polycystic kidney disease. Numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have additionally identified Glis3 as a risk locus for the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our previous data suggest possible roles for Glis3 in endocrine pancreas specification in mice, but despite its clinical significance, much remains unknown about the role(s) Glis3 plays during development. To elucidate Glis3 gene function, a CRISPR-mediated knockout line of zebrafish was developed by deleting a segment of the Glis3 coding region resulting in a non-functional protein product. Founder fish were subsequently outcrossed to give rise to offspring that are heterozygous for the knockout mutation. In this study, fish heterozygous for the Glis3 deletion were crossed to produce zebrafish of varying genotypes, including those lacking a functional copy of the Glis3 gene. Genotypes were determined by PCR using tail biopsies and primers that flank the deleted region of the Glis3 locus. At select time points in development, the resulting embryos were analyzed via fluorescence imaging to determine the effect of the Glis3 knockout on embryonic pancreatic development. Analysis of the knockout embryos demonstrated that development of the principal islet remained largely unaffected by the absence of Glis3. In addition to fluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry was employed to further characterize the development of the secondary islets. In a similar fashion to mice, the knockout zebrafish displayed a phenotype of polycystic kidney disease that was visible by 30 dpf

Blanning, The French Revolution - Class War Or Culture Clash?

T.C.W. Blanning's The French Revolution: Aristocrats versus Bourgeois? first appeared in 1987. In his second edition, the subtitle has been changed to Class War or Culture Clash? The difference shows the dramatic evolution in French Revolution and Ancien Regime scholarship over the course of the past decade. Fortunately the excellence of Blanning's survey has not changed, nor has its usefulness for the college classroom

‘The most difficult financial matter that has ever presented itself’: paper money and the financing of warfare under Louis XIV

Based on an extensive survey of French primary sources and a discussion of the recent literature on fiscal policy in France and Europe during Louis XIV’s wars, this article revisits the rationale behind the first experiment with paper money undertaken by finance minister Michel Chamillart, comparing it to other belligerents’ strategies, in particular England’s, to adjust their monetary regime to the challenges of funding long wars of attrition. The article shows how concerns about economic activity, coinage, and the need to finance the war deficit led to a series of debasements of the French currency, the establishment of a bank in the form of a Caisse des emprunts and the introduction of mint bills, which became legal tender and caused the first experience of fiat money inflation in history. Whereas Chamillart’s personal shortcomings have been recently suggested as the cause of Louis XIV’s humbling in the War of the Spanish Succession, we argue on the contrary that the introduction of paper money in 1704 was key to the capacity of France to sustain its military effort, but that a succession of military defeats against a more powerful coalition led to inflation. We also argue that the introduction of paper money saved the Caisse des emprunts and its bonds which helped sustain the war effort up until the peace. By situating the use of paper money within the broader question of the exercise of power in the absolute monarchy, this article examines the formation of fiscal policy, paying attention to the ways in which government sought advice from experts. It concludes by calling for further studies on policy- and decision-making under Louis XIV

How Does Classroom Seating Affect Elementary Classroom Learning Environment?

The purpose of the research is to gain an understanding of classroom seating arrangements and how they affect the learning environment for students. The research I will conduct will include an anonymous survey asking intermediate grade students to either explain or illustrate their preferred seating arrangement as well as the style of learner they believe they are. From this information teachers can consider effective seating arrangements for all students to help maximize learning in the classroom

The Development and Psychometric Testing of an Inventory to Measure Health-Focused Perceived Family Support and Communication Behaviors with Chronic Disease Patients: A Three-Phase Study

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Hospitals and policymakers acknowledge the importance of the family in improved healthcare outcomes. Although there has been an increase in policies and research to bring families into planning, delivery, and evaluation of healthcare, there has not been a means to assess health-focused perceived support and communication behaviors. Without a means of assessing these factors, healthcare professionals cannot succinctly evaluate support and communication in a family system or provide recommendations for engaging family members in providing beneficial health-focused support and communication. This study involved the creation of the Inventory for Family Health-Focused Perceived Support and Communication Behaviors (Family HF-PSCB). Informed by family systems theory, social support literature, and health communication behaviors research, this three-phase study consisted of (a) generating items for the Family HF-PSCB, (b) establishing test-retest reliability, and (c) establishing a factor structure and convergent validity. Because of the increase of chronic disease in the United States, the Family HF-PSCB was created and tested with samples of individuals having chronic disease(s). Using a mixed methods approach, in-depth interviews with 12 participants generated 91 items for psychometric analysis. These items were tested through expert content review, and in pilot testing (n = 23), the remaining 84 items demonstrated test- retest and internal reliability. Through factor analysis (n = 209), two factors emerged to explain 72.1% of the variance. The final Family HF-PSCB contains 13 items, which indicates an individual’s perception of family health-focused support and communication behaviors. The factor explaining 63.2% of the variance has 8 items demonstrating healthfocused communication behaviors, and the second factor has 5 items demonstrating health-focused instrumental support. The developed scale suggests that family healthfocused communication behaviors may be a more explanatory variable in the family system for someone with chronic disease(s). The 13-item Family HF-PSCB demonstrates convergent validity through significant correlations with the Perceived Social Support Family Scale and the General Functioning Scale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Future studies should explore the correlation of the Family HF-PSCB with health outcomes attributed to symptom management in populations of chronic disease patients

A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Marriage from Midlife to Later Life

This prospective longitudinal study explores the relationship between marital functioning at midlife and in later life as measured by global coding of marital interaction process. Couples participated in home interviews at midlife, then again 25 years later. During home interviews at both waves couples completed a questionnaire describing their family, then discussed differences of opinion about the family. Marital system variables were coded by trained coders from taped discussions. Coded measures of the marital interaction supported a relationship between midlife and later life marriage. Connection at midlife was positively related to warmth/support and clear interpersonal boundaries in later life; more connection at midlife was also related to less depression in later life. More individuation at midlife was associated with less conflict in later life. Evidence was also found for enhanced marital functioning in later life: more warmth/support, clearer interpersonal boundaries, more comfort with differences, and less covert conflict

Effects of Letter Transposition in Subliminal Primes on Perceived Content of Abstract Images

Subliminal presentation of a stimulus can influence responses to later stimuli. This effect is known as priming. The current study used Microsoft PowerPoint as a novel, low-cost paradigm to present experimental stimuli. Thirty-one undergraduate participants viewed a PowerPoint presentation that contained conditions with no, with unscrambled, and with center-scrambled sexually-themed messages. The effects of gender, counterbalancing, and type of message on perceived sexual content in experimenter-made inkblots was assessed. The current study failed to find any significant differences or interaction effects between any of the variables. A post-hoc analysis revealed a significant priming effect. Possible confounding variables and suggestions for future research are discussed

Transforming Cyber Space and the Trans Liberation Movement: A study of transmasculine youth bloggers on Tumblr.com

According to a survey conducted by the blogging site Posterous in early January of 2013, Tumblr is the most popular website amongst teenagers and young adults from the ages 13-25. Just weeks before this survey was published, on December 20, 2012, the Tumblr website featured an editorial on the growing number of transgender youth that use the blogging site. This thesis seeks to examine transmasculine youth blogs on Tumblr that write about identity, embodiment, transition and trans* liberation. Through focusing on general transmasculine blogging trends on Tumblr, along with four specific transidentified bloggers, this study explores trans* youth using the Internet to find community, explore their identity, and construct a political consciousness. The general conclusions of the research point to an ever-expanding category of transgender in cyber spaces, in part due to the intersectional and inclusive politics and identities of transmasculine bloggers. These bloggers’ intersectional approach to identity and trans* liberation politics challenges mainstream depictions of the transgender experience as racially white and medically based. In challenging the dominant narrative of the trans experience as a condition of being trapped in the wrong body, these youth bloggers are telling different narratives of gender embodiment and transition that contest temporal constructions of transgenderism as a timeline with a clear beginning and end point. Their radical new imagining of the gendered experience contributes to the expansive and inclusive trans* communities online

The Effect of Physician Endorsement on Patients’ Perceived Importance and Necessity in Disclosing Genetic Disease to Family

poster abstractWhen a physician diagnoses a patient with a genetic disease, disclosure to family is an important communication action for both the patient and family. Timely disclosure by the patient to family may help to “activate” [1] family into providing needed support to the patient [2,3], as well as activate individuals in that family to be tested for the disease [4,5,6]. This study examines whether physician endorsement of disclosing a genetic disease diagnosis to family influences patients’ perceptions of importance and necessity to disclose to family their diagnosis. We conducted online surveys with patients (N = 237, Mean age: 54 years; 85.0% Caucasian) diagnosed with a genetic disease called polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The patients in this study are the first person in their family diagnosed with PKD, called the proband. Four variables were examined in this study. IVs included participant recall of physician explaining family members’ risk for the disease and recall of whether the physician suggested sharing the diagnosis with family. DVs were participant’s perceived importance and perceived necessity to disclose diagnosis to family, with each measured on a three-point scale. Analyses revealed that participants were significantly more likely to think it was important to disclose when the physician explained that family members were at risk and to think it was important to disclose when the physician recommended disclosing the diagnosis to family. Based on these results, physicians should be made aware their endorsement of disclosing to family can significantly increase probands’ perceived importance and necessity of talking to their family and that emphasizing the genetic risk for family can increase a patient’s perception that it is important and necessary to tell their family