Assessment of Factors Affecting Quality of Life of Elderly Clients Coveraged Bye Health Centers of Southern of Tehran

Objectives: The world population is aging rapidly because of rising life expectancy and deacrising fertility rate.with increasing longevity and special aging problems attention and evaluation the quality of life of elderly for health promotion would be significant importance Methods & Materials: this study is a descriptive and analytical study carried out to investigate the quality of life of elderly clients coveraged bye health centers of southern of tehran, in 2010-2011.132 elderly clients were selected by using the cluster randomised sampling from 5health centers. in this study a short form standard questionnaire (sf36)was used for evaluation diverse domains of life quality scores. we also measured some other personal characteristics through demographic questionnaire. data were analyzed with descriptive and analytic statistics by spss software. Results: the mean score of physical domains of quality of life which was 54.42&plusmn;24.42 and emotional domain of quality of life was 55.19&plusmn;24.04. mean age was 67.97&plusmn;6.86. research showed age had meaninful reverse relationship to quality of life (P=0.000, r=-0.4), men had higher quality of life scores than women.education level was directly related to all domains of life quality (P=0/000). married persons and who they lived with childerns or others had the higher quality of life scores than singles (divorced, widow) (P<0.001). and physical activity was directly related to quality of life (P=0.000). but statistically significant differences were not found between the mean score of quality of life and BMI. (physical domain: P=0.59-emotional domain: P=0.127). notsmokers had higher quality of life scores than smokers. (P<0.05). Conclusion: total score of quality of life of elderly was moderate (54.81). therrefore attention and try to improving the quality of life of elderly clients is essential

dictors of preoperative Anxiety Among Surgical Patients in Iran: An Observational Study

Background: Patients undergoing surgery experience significant anxiety in the preoperative period. The aim of the present study was to identify the level of preoperative anxiety among Iranian patients in surgery clinics and its predictive factors.&#x0D; Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used to assess the patients’ preoperative anxiety. Results were analysed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.&#x0D; Results: 246 patients were randomly selected, 222 of which were finally included in our analysis. In this study, the state and trait anxiety levels were moderate and low, respectively. Both state and trait anxiety levels were significantly higher among females (p-value 0.03 and 0.009, respectively). Also, patients with higher education had higher state and trait anxiety levels (p-value 0.001 and &lt;0.001, respectively). Patients undergoing aesthetic surgeries had significantly higher state anxiety levels compared to other surgeries (p-value 0.04). Interestingly, the history of surgery was not significantly associated with state anxiety (p-value 0.96). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, marital status, and education were the most predictive factors for state anxiety. These factors along with the place of residence were also predictive for trait anxiety (p-value &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Since these predictive factors are not amenable to change before elective surgery, identification of patients with higher anxiety levels is essential. Further studies investigating preoperative anxiety a few days prior to surgery in the Iranian population should be warranted.</jats:p

Relationship between life style-related factors with cardiac ischemia among inpatients: A case-control study

Introduction: More than seventeen millions people die due to cardiovascular diseases which account for one third of death worldwide. Half of 60% of all mortality caused by acquired diseases throughout the world is due to heart disorders and this ratio will augment to 73% by 2020. It is known that individual lifestyle has a great influence on the well-being of cardiovascular system. Seven of the top ten etiologies leading to death are related to the pattern of lifestyle. This study explored various lifestyle-related factors affecting ischemic conditions. Method: This study was performed as a case control investigation on 65 subjects along with 65 controls who were all admitted at Sevome Shaaban hospital in Damavand town of Iran. All data ) demographic and life-style variables) were gathered, using three different types of questionnaire obtained from each person. p< 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Age, marriage status, smoking, physical activities, diet and mental health condition were shown to have a significant effect on ischemia (P <0.001). Insufficient physical activities, fatty and low fiber food as well as impaired psychology conditions were among the risk factors that contributed to Ischemic heart disease. Conclusion: Insufficient physical activities, fatty and low fiber food as well as impaired psychology conditions were among the risk factors that contribute to ischemic heart disease

Shunt complications in children with myelomeningocele: effect of timing of shunt placement

Object There has been controversy over whether CSF shunt insertion simultaneously with repair of myelomeningocele (MMC) might increase shunt-related complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shunt complication rates in patients who underwent concurrent MMC surgery and shunt placement and compare them to the rates in patients treated with shunt placement in a separate procedure. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the outcome of shunt placement in 127 patients with MMC who were followed up for ≥ 1 year after shunt surgery. In 65 patients shunt surgery was performed in a second operation after MMC repair and in 46 the 2 procedures were performed concurrently. In 7 patients shunt placement was the initial surgery, and in 9 it was the only procedure performed. The patients were evaluated for shunt complications. Results There was no statistically significant between-groups difference in age at which patients underwent shunt placement. The overall rates of shunt infection and shunt malfunction were 16.5 and 39.4%, respectively. There was a high rate of shunt infection and mortality in those patients treated with CSF shunting only. There was no statistically significant difference between complication rates in patients in whom the 2 procedures were performed concurrently and those who underwent separate operations. Conclusions The order in which myelomeningocele repair and shunt placement were carried out did not have a significant effect on the rate of shunt complications. Thus, when indicated these procedures can be performed concurrently with a level of risk comparable to that associated with delayed shunt placement.</jats:sec

Educational Intervention on Health Related Lifestyle Changes Among Iranian Adolescents

Background: Healthy lifestyle habits during adolescence can prevent many of the diseases and disabilities in adulthood and later. The aim of the study was to examine the role of education in improving lifestyles among Iranian adolescents.Methods: This group randomized controlled trial was conducted during October 2010 until January 2011 in Tehran. Participants for this study were selected through a random sampling method and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a six session course on healthy lifestyles and the control group received no intervention. The Adolescent Lifestyle Questionnaire (ALQ) was used for collecting data. Data were collected before the intervention, at a two week after participation time point, and a three month follow-up was conducted.Results: Overall, 365 (male: 173, female: 192) adolescents participated in the study. There were significant differences between boys and girls in terms of physical activity and social support (P<0.001). The boys had higher levels of physical activity than girls. Girls received more social support than boys. There were significant differences in the lifestyle scores between the intervention and control groups at follow-up (P<0.001). The educational intervention indicated an improved total lifestyle score (from 123.7(SD.16.1) at baseline to 131.8 (SD.16.7) at two weeks and to 130.5(16.5) at 3 months after education) among the intervention group.Conclusions: Adolescents` behaviors may be different in some dimensions among boys and girls. Unhealthy lifestyle habits are prevalent among adolescents. Therefore sex-specified lifestyle education can bring promising results. Further research in the field can reveal the importance of lifestyle intervention programs

Effects of an Educational Intervention on Male Students’ Intention to Quit Water Pipe Smoking: an Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)

Aims: Water pipe smoking has become very popular among young people. Regarding to the increasing prevalence of water pipe smoking among students, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of an educational intervention based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) on male students’ intention to quit water pipe smoking. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 150 male students of the Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar-Iran, in 2017 who were selected by simple random sampling method and allocated to two control and intervention groups (75 people in each group). Data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on motivational phase constructs of health action process approach and theory of planned behavior. Intervention group participants received six sessions of education (45 minutes per session). Both groups completed questionnaires in baseline and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS 23 software using statistical tests. Findings: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of the constructs of risk perception, outcome expectancy, action self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention to quit water pipe smoking between the two groups (p>0.05). However, after the intervention, these differences were significant except attitude (p<0.05). Also, after the intervention, intention to quit water pipe smoking in the students of intervention group had significant difference compared to the control group (p=0.004). Conclusion: The educational intervention based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is effective in creating the intention to quit water pipe smoking among student