Low dose estrogen progestin pill is better than cyclical progestin as medical management of abnormal uterine bleeding due to ovulatory dysfunction in premenopausal women

Background: In abnormal uterine bleeding due to ovulation dysfunction, unopposed estrogen causes persistent proliferative or hyperplastic endometrium and periods of amenorrhea followed by excessive bleeding. This is managed medically by cyclical use of some hormonal agents. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness and acceptability of cyclical progestin alone and low dose estrogen progestin pill as medical management of AUB-O in premenopausal women. Methods: The study composed of 57 premenopausal women with anovular type of bleeding. The study participants were randomly allocated to take either norethisterone 10 mg daily from 16th to 25th day of menstrual cycle or low dose estrogen progesterone pill, one pill daily from 1st day of menstrual cycle up to 24th day. These patients were followed up after three and six months to assess subjectively the persistence of abnormal uterine bleeding, patient’s satisfaction, need for hysterectomy and any side effects. Results: The symptomatic improvement was more apparent with estrogen progestin pill than cyclical norethisterone. More patients chose hysterectomy in the norethisterone group because they were not satisfied with medical management. Conclusions: Symptomatic improvement is more with low dose estrogen progestin pill than cyclical norethisterone in women with AUB-O. More women decline hysterectomy as they accept estrogen progestin pill

Tailored electrical properties and conduction mechanism of plasma polymerized 2,6-diethylaniline and N,N,3,5-tetramethylaniline composite thin films

Plasma polymerized (PP) 2,6-diethylaniline (DEA) and N,N,3, 5 tetramethylaniline (TMA) composite thin films were deposited by dynamic plasma (AC, 50 Hz) polymerization technique using a capacitively coupled reactor of diverse monomer composition. The composite film thickness increased proportionally with the percentage of TMA in the composition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the uniformity of the film composition, consisting primarily of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, with different possible groups such as C–C, C–H, C–N, and C–O. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed smooth and homogeneous surface morphologies in the composite films, which contrast with the thin homopolymer films. The current density (J) vs voltage (V) behaviors of the homopolymer and composite polymer thin films sandwiched between aluminum electrodes demonstrated that the J values could be tailored by adjusting the individual monomer concentration in the PP(DEA:TMA) composite films, as well as by increasing the measurement temperature (298–373 K). The conduction behavior of these composite films exhibited ohmic characteristics in the lower voltage region (below 10 V), while space charge-limited conduction dominated in the higher voltage region (above 10 V) across the entire temperature region. The activation energy was ∼0.019 eV in the ohmic region and 0.260 eV in the non-ohmic region. Changing the composition of two monomers can tune the properties of the as-deposited films, making the film suitable for various electronic and optoelectronic devices

Typical signs of secundum atrial septal defect in a young female

We report the case of a 25-year-female presented with dyspnea &amp; chest pain on exertion. The ECG showed signs of right ventricular overload. The chest X-ray showed an enlargement of central pulmonary arteries, pulmonary plethora and a small aortic knuckle. Atrial septal defect (ASD) was suspected and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) subsequently confirmed the presence of a large ostium secundum ASD. A surgical closure with an equine pericardium patch was performed. Two months after the surgical repair, the ECG and TTE showed the regression of signs of right ventricular overload.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(2) 2015 p.203-205</jats:p