Studies of QCD at LEPII

A combination of measurements of alpha_s in e+e- annihilation at LEP is presented. Distributions of various event-shape variables measured by ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL at centre-of-mass energies from 41 GeV to 206 GeV are analysed in a common theoretical framework using O(a_s**2)+NLLA predictions. The dominant theoretical uncertainties associated to missing higher orders are studied in detail.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Professionalism, Agency, and Market Failures

According to the Market Failures Approach to business ethics, beyond-compliance duties can be derived by employing the same rationale and arguments that justify state regulation of economic conduct. Very roughly the idea is that managers have a duty to behave as if they were complying with an ideal regulatory regime ensuring Pareto-optimal market outcomes. Proponents of the approach argue that managers have a professional duty not to undermine the institutional setting that defines their role, namely the competitive market. This answer is inadequate, however, for it is the hierarchical firm, rather than the competitive market, that defines the role of corporate managers and shapes their professional obligations. Thus, if the obligations that the market failures approach generates are to apply to managers, they must do so in an indirect way. I suggest that the obligations the market failures approach generates directly apply to shareholders. Managers, in turn, inherit these obligations as part of their duties as loyal agents

Telecollaborative Webcasting: Strengthening acquisition of humanities content knowledge through foreign language education

This Level II Digital Humanities Start-Up Grant intends to support design, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative curriculum-development project aimed at strengthening humanities content learning through a telecollaborative foreign language project which will include video/audio/textual bilingual exchanges between university students in the U.S. and Russia. The project addresses the expressed national needs to improve (1) the efficacy of foreign language instruction as well as (2) the depth of content area learning in humanities relevant to the interdisciplinary study of languages, cultures, and global communities. The project will produce learner-authored multimodal bilingual artifacts, compilations of references to digital humanities sources, and curriculum development materials via a open-access online resource which will serve scholars, learners, and general audiences interested in enriching their knowledge of humanities and foreign languages

Effort and Achievement

Achievements have recently begun to attract increased attention from value theorists. One recurring idea in this budding literature is that one important factor determining the magnitude or value of an achievement is the amount of effort the achiever invested. The aim of this paper is to present the most plausible version of this idea. This advances the current state of debate where authors are invoking substantially different notions of effort and are thus talking past each other. While the concept of effort has been invoked in the philosophical analysis of a number of important concepts such as desert, attention, competence, and distributive justice, it has hardly ever been analyzed itself. This paper makes headway in this regard by discussing three ambiguities in the everyday notion of effort. It continues to develop two accounts of effort and shows how both of them are achievement-enhancing

Kirjallisuuskatsaus vapaaehtoistoiminnasta sosiaali- ja terveysalalla

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on laatia kirjallisuuskatsaus vapaaehtoistyöstä sosiaali- ja terveysalalla. Olemme kuvanneet työssämme vapaaehtoistoiminnan historiaa, sekä avanneet työmme keskeiset käsitteet. Tutkimuskysymyksemme ovat: Miten vapaaehtoistyö on organisoitu Suomessa? Mikä on vapaaehtoisen rooli sosiaali- ja terveysalalla sekä Mikä auttaa vapaaehtoisia jaksamaan? Kuvaileva kirjallisuuskatsaus rakentui tutkimuskysymyksien määrittämisestä, aineiston valinnasta ja tulosten esittelystä. Tutkimusaineisto koostui kirjallisuudesta, Internetin verkkojulkaisuista sekä lehdistä. Valitsemamme lähteet sijoittuivat vuosille 1995-2011. Käytimme sekä yleistä kirjallisuutta että tieteellisiä tutkimuksia. Käytimme sisällönanalyysiä aineiston analysoinnissa. Tuloksista kävi ilmi, että vapaaehtoistoiminta on organisoitu parhaiten suurissa ja tunnetuissa järjestöissä. Hyvin organisoitu vapaaehtoistoiminta vaatii palkatun ammattihenkilön johtamaan vapaaehtoistoimintaa, rahoituksen ja strategian. Vapaaehtoistoimintaa tulee markkinoida, jotta saadaan rekrytoitua lisää toimijoita mukaan. Vapaaehtoisten koulutus, motivointi ja kannustus ovat osa vapaaehtoistoiminnan organisointia. Lisäksi yhteistyö muiden vapaaehtoistoimintaa järjestävien tahojen kanssa koettiin järkeväksi. Vapaaehtoistoiminnassa on kyse tuen ja ajan antamisesta, ei ammattiauttamisesta. Vapaaehtoinen toimii sosiaali- ja terveysalalla maallikon roolissa. Vapaaehtoiseksi voi ryhtyä kuka tahansa ja vapaaehtoistoimintaan ei tarvita erillistä koulutusta. Ammatillinen työ ja vapaaehtoistoiminta eivät ole toistensa vastakohtia, eikä kumpikaan voi korvata toista. Tärkeää on, että tehtävien sisällöt, vastuunjako ja roolit ovat selvillä kaikille osapuolille. Vapaaehtoisten sitoutumisen ja jaksamisen kannalta on tärkeää, että he saavat tukea, huomiota ja ohjausta. Virkistystilaisuuksilla on suuri merkitys vapaaehtoisten jaksamiselle. Vapaaehtoisilla on mahdollisuus tutustua tilaisuuksissa toisiinsa ja jakaa kokemuksia. Työnohjaus on vapaaehtoisen jaksamisen tukena. Keskustelussa voidaan käydä läpi kuinka vapaaehtoinen kokee omat tehtävänsä ja tarvitseeko vapaaehtoinen mahdollisesti apua, vertaistukea tai neuvoja.Bachelors Thesis: Literature review of volunteer work in social- and health sector The purpose of this thesis was by means of a literature review to describe voluntary work in social- and health sector. We have described the history of voluntary work and opened the key concepts of our thesis. Our research questions are: How is voluntary work organized in Finland? What is the role of a voluntary worker in social- and health sector? and How do voluntary workers cope? The descriptive literature review consists of determining the research questions, selecting the material and presenting the results. The material we used consists of literature, internet sources and journals. The chosen journals were written between the years 1995-2011. We used both general literature and scientific researchers. We used a content analysis to analyze the data. The results showed that voluntary work is organized best in large and well-known organizations. A well-organized voluntary activity requires a paid professional to lead voluntary work, finance and strategy. Voluntary work should be marketed in order to recruit more volunteers. Volunteer training, motivation and encouragement are part of volunteer organization. In addition, cooperation with others who are involved in voluntary work was considered important. Voluntary work is about giving time and support, not professional help. A volunteer worker is in a layman's role in the social- and health sector. Anyone can volunteer and it does not require an education. Professional work and voluntary work are not opposite to each other and neither can replace the other. It is important that the contents of the tasks, responsibilities and the roles are clear to all parties. In terms of commitment and coping it is important that volunteers receive support, attention and guidance. Recreation occasions play an important role in the coping of voluntary workers. There volunteers have the opportunity to get to know each other and share experiences. Work guidance helps in coping of volunteers. Discussions can be lead over how the volunteer feels about their tasks and whether help, peer support or advice is needed

Influence of lateral geometry on magnetoresistance and magnetisation reversal in Ni80Fe20 wires

The magnetisation reversal processes and magnetoresistance behaviour in micron-sized Ni80Fe20 wires with triangular and rectangular modulated width have been studied. The wires were fabricated by electron beam lithography and a lift-off process. A combination of magnetic force microscopy (MFM), magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements shows that the lateral geometry of the wires greatly influences the magnetic and transport properties. The width modulations modify not only the shape-dependent demagnetising fields, but also the current density. The correlation between the lateral geometry, the magnetic and the transport properties is discussed based on MFM, MOKE and MR results

Das Higgs-Teilchen und der Rest der Welt : Langjährige Suche ist endlich von Erfolg gekrönt

Physiker am CERN in Genf haben in diesem Sommer die Beobachtung eines neuen Teilchens bekannt gegeben. Dabei handelt es sich um das schwerste je beobachtete elementare Teilchen, das 134mal so schwer wie das Proton ist. Vieles spricht dafür, dass es sich bei der Beobachtung um das lange gesuchte Higgs-Teilchen handelt, den letzten fehlenden Baustein im Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik. Die Arbeitsgruppe von Prof. Düren und Dr. Stenzel am II. Physikalischen Institut der Justus-Liebig-Universität ist als Mitglied der ATLAS-Kollaboration an den Messungen beteiligt