HESITANCY TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING, A STUDY OF PAKISTANI CONSUMERS

To study the influence of Perceived cost, risk, convenience and enjoyment on online consumer purchases. Being more convenient online shopping seems painless compared to in store shopping, why consumers are still reluctant to shop online?.A sample of 220 questionnaires was filled from different departments at University of Sargodha. Respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire based on four factors (Perceived cost, Perceived risk, Perceived convenience, Perceived enjoyment), there were 2 general questions. Out of 220, 207 questionnaires were returned. One sample test is applied in this study to check the reliability of independent variables. Analysis was also done on basis of gender and their ages. The most important factor out of four, which can persuade the customer's online buying decision, is delivery cost for purchased items and it has negative relationship with dependent variable, moreover perceived risk has also negative relationship with dependent one. Perceived convenience and Perceived enjoyment has positive relationship with online shopping preference. As online shopping is easier to do but due to extra delivery cost and risk factors consumers do not adopt online shopping and these factors should be minimized to promote online shopping. Online shopping should be promoted and to gain the consumer confidence, delivery cost and risk factor should be minimized. As online shopping is easier to do as compared to offline shopping but people still reluctant to use internet for online shopping, so to promote online shopping delivery cost and risk factor should be minimized to gain consumers attraction and confidence. People want to experience online shopping but it won’t be promoted until delivery cost and perceived risk factors be reduced. A little work has been done on exploring the factors that influence the online buying decision. These factors are called situational factors and include delivery charges, risk factors, convenience factors and enjoyment factors. In Pakistan consumers are not too much affiliated to online shopping as compared to European countries and not too much researches have been done related to online shopping in Pakistan , so this research been conducted to promote online shopping

A Novel Dual Ultrawideband CPW-Fed Printed Antenna for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

This paper presents a dual-band coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed printed antenna with rectangular shape design blocks having ultrawideband characteristics, proposed and implemented on an FR4 substrate. The size of the proposed antenna is just 25 mm × 35 mm. A novel rounded corners technique is used to enhance not only the impedance bandwidth but also the gain of the antenna. The proposed antenna design covers two ultrawide bands which include 1.1–2.7 GHz and 3.15–3.65 GHz, thus covering 2.4 GHz Bluetooth/Wi-Fi band and most of the bands of 3G, 4G, and a future expected 5G band, that is, 3.4–3.6 GHz. Being a very low-profile antenna makes it very suitable for the future 5G Internet of Things (IoT) portable applications. A step-by-step design process is carried out to obtain an optimized design for good impedance matching in the two bands. The current densities and the reflection coefficients at different stages of the design process are plotted and discussed to get a good insight into the final proposed antenna design. This antenna exhibits stable radiation patterns on both planes, having low cross polarization and low back lobes with a maximum gain of 8.9 dB. The measurements are found to be in good accordance with the simulated results

Bertha Has Been Chained Years: A Deconstructive Reading of Jane Eyre Novel

Jane Eyre (1847) is a multidimensional novel in which many different interpretations are blended together. The present study would explore the novel from a deconstructive point of view in order to find the indeterminate meanings present in the novel which are always in conflict with the determinate meaning, or the preferred one. They study would revisit the novel’s unvisited elements, better to say less visited or ignored elements. Although, the novel has been studied and interpreted through feminist and post colonialist point of view. I would base my study on the language and discourses used in the novel, character of Rochester, and Jane’s narrative in the novel. With deconstructive principles in hand, I would prove through this paper that there are other possible meanings of the novel which are in conflict, in opposition with the preferred, framed and constructed meaning. I would also expose the binary oppositions created in the text and would also expose how this hierarchy of binaries is violent and oppressive. I would begin my study by introducing the concept “Deconstruction”.&nbsp

Budgetary control system for University of Karbala Iraq based on adaptive budgetary control framework

Every organisation doing exceedingly well relies heavily on budgets, and in essence budgetary control measures to improve performance through adequate resource allocation. Budget and Budgetary control, both at management and operational levels. Following the same trends, University of Karbala Iraq needs to implement a budgetary control system as since 2002, KU is one of the best university within Iraq and also in the Arabic regional level with approximately of 12,000 students studying in 16 different faculties which are as follows: Medicine Faculty, Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Education, Management and Economics, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Islamic Sciences, religious tourism, Faculty of Education, Humanities, Faculty of Education Pure Sciences and Nursing. Currently, there is no budgetary control system has been implemented at university of Karbala, Iraq. In the aspect of university of Karbala Iraq, budgetary control system has been designed to mitigate current needs which have been integrated to the budget applicants, budget approval from ministry and budget allocation by the university Finance Department. This study identifies the link between budget and budgetary control by studying several budgetary control frameworks and then finally proposed a new adaptive budgetary control framework followed to budgetary control system prototype development. The system has been evaluated by the questionnaire with 10 respondents from University of Karbala Iraq

Structural Analysis Of Shape-Morphing Aircraft Slat By Using Finite Element Analysis

The changing of the wing shapes on an aircraft always amazes many people especially those in the flights. The field of shape morphing aircraft has attracted the attention of many research groups during the past century. Although many interesting concepts have been synthesized, only a handful involves the shape morphing slat for aircraft wing. The aerodynamic pressure of the morphing slat structure could lead to failure or structural damage, probably stemming from the basic design or the result of the failure seen in the material used for the structure's manufacturing. The purpose of this research is to analyze the new generation of aircraft morphing slat, by utilizing a Finite Element (FE) model as a design tool to assess the structural integrity of structure of the new morphing slat. Another aim is to investigate a material deemed suitable for making the morphing slat that can result in less deformation and stresses. In this study, structural analyses were carried out by using ANSYS WORKBENCH on the morphing slat geometry after creating it in CATIA V5. In a structural analysis, the modeling used three different materials, namely, Al6065-T6, AA7075-T651, and GFRP. The structure of morphing slat is subject to maximum aerodynamic pressure in two flight phases that include taking-off and landing which was found by using Computational-Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis from earlier work. By conducting the structural analysis, one can examine the reliability of the rigid segments and structure of morphing slat under the applied aerodynamic load, which is necessary for the selection of the material for the morphing slat design. The results of static structural analysis showed that the AA7075-T651material is the most suitable material that can be used for morphing slats because it has the least deformation and strain after comparing it with Al6065-T6 and GFRP. Hence, AA 7075-T651 can give the structure of morphing slat more strength over the other two materials

Use of Financial Instruments and Interaction with Islamic Financial Law

This research provide an analysis of how financial instruments are used in markets, and to what extent they are related to Islamic financial law. Islamic law prohibits usury, uncertainty, and those transactions that involve ambiguity. Conventional finance on the other hand is debt based and involves a lot of risk. We used structured interview questionnaire, and experts from the field of conventional and Islamic finance were interviewed. Results of structure interview reveal that many things are common between Islamic and conventional finance such as rent for services in case of both conventional and Islamic lease. The Murabaha is somewhat similar to asset backed risky loan. The features of Mudaraba are closer to European option such that profits from Mudarabah offset call price. In addition the deposits are collected under both systems. This research also found that best financial instrument for increasing value of a firm is equity financing, while debt financing is not a good choice, because the later increases risk and decreases value of a firm. Swaps and forwards are used for hedging risks and saving the future. It is concluded that most of the conventional instruments are not prohibited, and they intersect at various points with Islamic financial law. The gap of two systems can be reduced by taking number of steps such as transferring ownership of a leased asset after first installments. Furthermore the gap can also be reduced if shares are offered for purchase of an asset at beginning, and when that asset begins to produce cash flows, then distributing profits equally, but the bank or organization providing services will be provided service charges. Keywords: Islamic Financial Instruments, Conventional Instruments, Sukuk

Portfolio Management And Disposition Effect Empirical Evidence From Pakistan.

Kahneman and Tversky’s approach to preference under uncertainty is aversion to loss realization. This paper is an attempt to highlight this phenomenon with a unique approach. In order to beat the market fund managers are required to manage their portfolio at regular intervals. The tendency to sell the winners too early and ride the losers for long “disposition effect” can affect the Management decision of fund managers. This paper investigates the mediating role of disposition effect between mental accounting, aversion to regret, self control and portfolio Management. For this purpose we use the extended version of Shefrin and Statman framework and include Dyl’s tax consideration. In order to provide empirical evidence survey has been conducted from mutual fund managers.  CFA and Cronbach’s alpha is used to test the reliability of the instrument. AMOS tool is used to test the structure equation model for disposition effect and portfolio Management. Results confirmed that disposition effect plays significant role of mediator between mental accounting, aversion to regret, self control and portfolio Management. However tax consideration has direct loading on forward Management. It means that disposition effect plays significant role in decisions of fund managers; however investors are aware of tax consideration

Management of Colorectal Cancers in a Public Sector Hospital: A Lower-Middle-Income Country Experience

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