Dental erosive wear and salivary flow rate in physically active young adults

Background Little attention has been directed towards identifying the relationship between physical exercise, dental erosive wear and salivary secretion. The study aimed i) to describe the prevalence and severity of dental erosive wear among a group of physically active young adults, ii) to describe the patterns of dietary consumption and lifestyle among these individuals and iii) to study possible effect of exercise on salivary flow rate. Methods Young members (age range 18-32 years) of a fitness-centre were invited to participate in the study. Inclusion criteria were healthy young adults training hard at least twice a week. A non-exercising comparison group was selected from an ongoing study among 18-year-olds. Two hundred and twenty participants accepted an intraoral examination and completed a questionnaire. Seventy of the exercising participants provided saliva samples. The examination was performed at the fitness-centre or at a dental clinic (comparison group), using tested erosive wear system (VEDE). Saliva sampling (unstimulated and stimulated) was performed before and after exercise. Occlusal surfaces of the first molars in both jaws and the labial and palatal surfaces of the upper incisors and canines were selected as index teeth. Results Dental erosive wear was registered in 64% of the exercising participants, more often in the older age group, and in 20% of the comparison group. Enamel lesions were most observed in the upper central incisors (33%); dentine lesions in lower first molar (27%). One fourth of the participants had erosive wear into dentine, significantly more in males than in females (p = 0.047). More participants with erosive wear had decreased salivary flow during exercise compared with the non-erosion group (p < 0.01). The stimulated salivary flow rate was in the lower rage (≤ 1 ml/min) among more than one third of the participants, and more erosive lesions were registered than in subjects with higher flow rates (p < 0.01). Conclusion The study showed that a high proportion of physically active young adults have erosive lesions and indicate that hard exercise and decreased stimulated salivary flow rate may be associated with such wear

A longitudinal study of dental erosion and associated lifestyle factors in a group of Swedish children and adolescents

Background: Erosive wear has been observed among Swedish adolescents, but with unknown prevalence. High prevalence of dental erosion is reported from different parts of the world, and often linked to an increasing consumption of soft drinks. Objective: The aim was to study the prevalence and progression of dental erosion among Swedish children and adolescents related to some health and lifestyle parameters, and to develop a simplified system for scoring dental erosion. Methods: 609 out of 801 individuals aged 5-6-, 13-14- and 18-19-years participated in the cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal study, based on a clinical examination and questionnaires. 4-year progression was studied in the 13-14-year cohort. A Simplified Erosion Partial Recording System (SEPRS) was developed. The consumption of soft drinks was studied in relation to health and lifestyle. Results: Severe erosion was found in 13.3%, 11.9% and 22.3% of the respective groups. Correlation was found between soft drink consumption, male gender and severity of dental erosion. High soft drink consumers showed worse oral health and dietary and other unhealthy behaviors. After 4 years 32.3% of tooth surfaces had deteriorated by one grade and 2.6% by two grades. SEPRS showed 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity for detecting severe erosion in permanent teeth, and 100% each for primary teeth. Conclusion: Dental erosion was common among Swedish adolescents, especially among males. The high prevalence and progression was associated with worse oral health and some less healthy lifestyle factors. The simplified recording system, SEPRS, is a useful tool for screening for dental erosion in these age groups. Consequences: In view of the high prevalence of dental erosion and soft drink consumption among Swedish adolescents, there is a need to introduce community- based preventive programs from early ages as well as epidemiological recording of dental erosion

Prevalence and progression of erosive tooth wear among children and adolescents in a Swedish county, as diagnosed by general practitioners during routine dental practice

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and four-year progression of erosive tooth wear (ETW) recorded in general dental practice, and to evaluate the usefulness of a simplified grading scale.Methods: Four cohorts (aged 3, 7, 11 and 15 years at baseline; n = 735) were followed from 2008 to 2012 during their routine dental examinations. Grading of ETW was performed on permanent upper incisors and first molars, using the scales of Johansson et al. 1996 and Hasselkvist &amp; Johansson 2010.Results: Valid data were available for 641 individuals, 7-19-years of age, of whom 326 had data allowing analyses of progression. The prevalence of ETW increased with age, although at a lower level than in comparable studies. Progression was found in one-third of the subjects, with higher proportions and higher grades noted among the older cohorts. The simplified scale, that graded only four surfaces, resulted in just a few missed, mainly mild, cases of ETW.Conclusions: Clinically significant signs of ETW and patterns of progression can be reliably detected if the erosion index used includes a few selected surfaces of permanent teeth as part of the routine dental examination. Early signs of ETW, however, seem to be more difficult to detect and evaluate.Clinical significance: It is both possible and beneficial to introduce the diagnosing of ETW in routine dental examinations. To reduce the time involved in grading every patient, the simplified 4-surface application, seems to be a useful tool, but which is to be augmented with more extensive grading in individuals considered to be at risk.</p

Genus i förskolan : Förskollärares perspektiv på genus i förskolans lekmiljöer

Syftet med studien var att undersöka förskollärares perspektiv på sitt arbete med genus med utgångspunkt i lekmiljöer. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ studie som utgick från socialisationsteorin. Studiens metod var datainsamling med hjälp av intervjuer och observationer. Resultatet visade att förskollärare utformar och förändrar lekmiljöer utifrån barnens intresse och att lekmiljöerna ska öppna upp för tolkning samt inte vara ämnade för det ena eller det andra könet. Resultatet visade även vikten av en närvarande förskollärare eller annan pedagog i lekmiljöerna för att uppfatta hur lekmiljön används. Resultatet visade att skapandet av lekmiljöer har en koppling till förskollärarens förhållningssätt till genus samt hens föreställningar av vad som kan anses vara kvinnligt och manligt. Slutsatsen är att skapandet av förskolans lekmiljöer påverkas av det sociala och fysiska sammanhanget i lekmiljön. En annan slutsats är att lekmiljöernas utformning kan främja genusneutrala sammanhang men att det finns tillfällen då den inte gör det

Genus i förskolan : Förskollärares perspektiv på genus i förskolans lekmiljöer

Syftet med studien var att undersöka förskollärares perspektiv på sitt arbete med genus med utgångspunkt i lekmiljöer. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ studie som utgick från socialisationsteorin. Studiens metod var datainsamling med hjälp av intervjuer och observationer. Resultatet visade att förskollärare utformar och förändrar lekmiljöer utifrån barnens intresse och att lekmiljöerna ska öppna upp för tolkning samt inte vara ämnade för det ena eller det andra könet. Resultatet visade även vikten av en närvarande förskollärare eller annan pedagog i lekmiljöerna för att uppfatta hur lekmiljön används. Resultatet visade att skapandet av lekmiljöer har en koppling till förskollärarens förhållningssätt till genus samt hens föreställningar av vad som kan anses vara kvinnligt och manligt. Slutsatsen är att skapandet av förskolans lekmiljöer påverkas av det sociala och fysiska sammanhanget i lekmiljön. En annan slutsats är att lekmiljöernas utformning kan främja genusneutrala sammanhang men att det finns tillfällen då den inte gör det