LUOMUVILJATILAN MUUTTAMINEN LUOMUEMOLEHMÄTILAKSI

Opinnäytetyön taustana on suunnitelma siirtyä luomukasvinviljelytilasta luomuemolehmätilaksi. Työn on tilannut Maatalousyhtymä Mattinen Kouvolasta, jolle tämä suunnitelma on ajankohtainen. Työn tavoitteena on selvittää, onko tuotantosuunnanvaihdos järkevää ja kartoittaa mitä asioita pitää ottaa mahdollisessa muutoksessa huomioon. Työssä pyritään huomioimaan tilan nykyhetki ja lähtökohdat kasvattaa luomuemolehmiä. Työ on pyritty tekemään niin, että se palvelee juuri teet-täjätilaa, koska tuotantosuunnanvaihdokset ovat hyvin tilakohtaisia ratkai-suja. Työn teoriaosuudessa on perusteltu muutosta peltoviljelyn, talouden ja ti-lan toiminnanmuutoksen näkökulmista. Eri näkökulmien tarkastelun jäl-keen on pyritty perustelemaan miksi tuotantosuunnanvaihdos olisi järkevää juuri kyseisellä tilalla. Työssä on käytetty tilan teettämää taloussuunnitelmaa, jossa mahdollinen tuotantosuunnanvaihdos on huomioitu. Tämän lisäksi työssä on vertailtu luomuviljelyä Suomessa sekä Kaakkois-Suomessa. Saatujen tietojen perusteella tuotantosuunnanvaihdos luomuviljatilasta luomuemolehmätilaksi näyttää olevan järkevää. Perustelut tähän ovat ta-loudelliset sekä viljelysteknilliset seikat. Suunnitelma sisältää riskejä: nämä ovat pääosin taloudellisia. Jos tuotantosuunnanvaihdos ei etene suunni-telman mukaan tai taloudessa tapahtuu jotain odottamatonta, niin niillä on suorannainen vaikutus myös suunniteltuun tuotantosuunnanvaihtoon.The context of this thesis is planning to transfer from organic crop farm into organic cattle farm. Farming cooperation Mattinen from Kouvola has com-missioned this work, because it is relevant for their company. The objectives of this thesis are to solve production direction. Are they meaningful and what aspect needs to be taken under consideration? The the-sis also aims to address the current status of Mattinen farming company and premises to begin producing organic cattle. This bachelor thesis is addressed to answer above-mentioned questions to Mattinen Company, but changes on production lines are different in each case. The work is divided into 3 parts. The theoretical part of the thesis rational-izes the structural change on a perspective of arable farming and economical and functional changes of a farm. Different perspectives are used to consid-er the change of production line on this particular farming company. Primary sources of the thesis are economic plans of the farm, where possible structural changes of farming have been taken into consideration. A com-parative study between organic farming in Finland and in South-Eastern Finland forms a part of the theoretical part of the thesis. On the basis of obtained data the change on production line from an organic crop farm into an organic cattle farm seems to be plausible. Economical and production technical changes support this argument. Some risks are involved in the plan, mainly economical ones. Alteration on change of production line will effect directly into plans presented in this thesis

Seasonal changes in host phenotype manipulation by an acanthocephalan: time to be transmitted?

Many complex life cycle parasites exhibit seasonal transmission between hosts. Expression of parasite traits related to transmission, such as the manipulation of host phenotype, may peak in seasons when transmission is optimal. The acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus lucii is primarily transmitted to its fish definitive host in spring. We assessed whether the parasitic alteration of 2 traits (hiding behaviour and coloration) in the isopod intermediate host was more pronounced at this time of year. Refuge use by infected isopods was lower, relative to uninfected isopods, in spring than in summer or fall. Infected isopods had darker abdomens than uninfected isopods, but this difference did not vary between seasons. The level of host alteration was unaffected by exposing isopods to different light and temperature regimes. In a group of infected isopods kept at 4°C, refuge use decreased from November to May, indicating that reduced hiding in spring develops during winter. Keeping isopods at 16°C instead of 4°C resulted in higher mortality but not accelerated changes in host behaviour. Our results suggest that changes in host and/or parasite age, not environmental conditions, underlie the seasonal alteration of host behaviour, but further work is necessary to determine if this is an adaptive parasite strategy to be transmitted in a particular seaso

The New Finnish Dream Home? : Townhouse Living from a Resident's Perspective

The Finnish Dream Home study, which examines the Townhouse typology is based on large planning projects that have been launched and or are being planned in Helsinki Metropolitan area, a key target of which is increasing the diversity of housing solutions by means of urban housing typologies of different kinds. The Finnish Dream Home study examines the ability of the townhouse typology to meet the diversifying housing preferences, which are connected to the one-family houses. What needs lay behind the preferences for housing? What characteristics are residents willing to forgo

Uusi suomalainen unelmakoti? : Asukasnäkökulma townhouse-asumiseen

Townhouse-talotyyppiä käsittelevän Suomalainen unelmakoti -tutkimuksen taustana ovat Helsingin seudulla käynnistetyt ja suunnitteilla olevat mittavat kaavoitushankkeet, joiden yhtenä keskeisenä tavoitteena on asumisratkaisujen monimuotoisuuden lisääminen erityyppisten urbaanien talotyyppien avulla. Suomalainen unelmakoti –tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan townhouse-talotyypin mahdollisuuksia vastata pientaloasumiseen kytkeytyviin, mutta samalla erilaistuviin asumispreferensseihin: Mitä tarpeita asumisen toiveiden taakse kätkeytyy? Minkä ominaisuuksien osalta asukkaat ovat valmiita tinkimään? Siinä missä townhouse-asuminen on tyypillisesti mielletty ensisijaisesti perheille sopivaksi vaihtoehdoksi, on Suomalainen unelmakoti -tutkimuksen lähtökohta tunnistaa erilaisia asukasprofiileja ja asumistarpeita. Tutkimuksessa pureudutaan erityisesti siihen, millä ehdoilla townhouseasuminen voi vastata erilaisten kotitalouksien asumistarpeisiin. Aalto-yliopiston rinnalla hankkeen päärahoittaja on Innovatiivinen kaupunki -ohjelma. Muita rahoittajia ja yhteistyökumppaneita ovat Helsingin kaupunki, kaupunkisuunnitteluvirasto, rakennusvalvontavirasto, kaupunginkanslia sekä Asumisen rahoitus- ja kehittämiskeskus ARA

Urban Reality of Type 2 Diabetes among First Nations of Eastern Ontario: Western Science and Indigenous Perceptions

This paper presents an anthropological investigation of perception and management of Type 2 Diabetes among First Nations people in an Eastern Ontario urban setting. Applying the concept of structural violence and based on the semi-structured interviews conducted with urban First Nations people and health care professionals, findings of this study reflect that diabetes is entangled in a complex web of social and cultural circumstances that make the coping and management of this disease very challenging for today's First Nations people. Results also document the shared social, cultural and historical circumstances which have contributed to the emergence of diabetes among First Nations people. Diabetes in this regard can be viewed as a reflection of economic and social conditions, but also low self-esteem and self-worth arising from a colonial past. These perspectives have repercussions for reaction to diabetes diagnosis and coping strategies around diet, physical activity and medication. Existing levels of diabetes management strategies, including treatment, support and education meet the urban First Nation peoples' need to some extent. The paper concludes with the recommendations for development of future health and social programmes that engage stakeholders and pay considerable attention to their strengths and needs

Fundamentals of shaders with modern game engines

This thesis took a broad look at fundamentals of shaders in modern game engines in order to provide information about their usability in three game engines, which are currently in use by Seepia Games. The first objective of this thesis was to find out how usable shaders are in Unity, Defold and PixiJS. This was achieved by comparisons, tests and implementations. The second objective was to make a deeper dive to test how usable shaders are in PixiJS. Examination and benchmarking were done by comparing filter and shader approaches against the original version. Third objective was to find out how usable visual tools are for shader creation using Unity. This was tested by creating shaders normally and using the Shader Graph tool and comparing the methods and results. The results of the thesis are the following: 1. Shaders are usable in all of the game engines of which Unity provides the best support. 2. Shaders are usable in PixiJS, but somewhat laborous and heavy use causes performance issues. 3. Visual tools are good for shader creation because they enable faster prototyping and lower the ceiling for learning shader development.Tämä opinnäytetyö käy läpi laaja-alaisesti varjostimien perusteet moderneissa pelimoottoreissa. Tarkoituksena oli saada informaatiota varjostimien käytettävyydestä kolmessa pelimoottorissa, joita Seepia Games käyttää tällä hetkellä. Tämän opinnäytetyön ensimmäinen tavoite oli selvittää, kuinka käyttökelpoisia varjostimet ovat Unity, Defold ja PixiJS pelimoottoreissa. Tämä saavutettiin vertailuilla, testeillä ja toteutuksilla. Toinen tavoite oli tehdä syventävää testausta kuinka käyttökelpoisia varjostimet ovat PixiJS-pelimoottorissa. Tarkastelu ja suorituskyvyn mittaaminen suoritettiin vertaamalla filter ja shader lähestymistapaa alkuperäiseen versioon. Kolmas tavoite oli selvittää kuinka käyttökelpoiset visuaaliset työkalut ovat varjostimien kehittämiseen käyttäen Unity-pelimoottoria. Tämä saavutettiin tekemällä varjostimia normaalisti sekä käyttämällä Shader Graph työkalua ja vertaamalla toteutustapoja ja tuloksia. Työn tuloksena selvisi: 1. Varjostimet ovat käytettävissä kaikissa pelimoottoreissa, joista Unity tarjoaa parhaan tuen. 2. Shaderit toimivat PixiJS:ssä, mutta ovat työläitä käyttää ja paljon käytettynä aiheuttavat suorituskyky ongelmia. 3. Visuaaliset työkalut osoittautuivat hyödyllisiksi, koska ne mahdollistivat nopean prototyyppauksen ja alensivat varjostimien opettelun kynnystä

EKF:n ennakkokentän tarkkuuden vaihtelun Lorenz mallissa

This thesis investigates how the Lorenz model state sensitivity appears on the prior state error of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) process. The Lorenz model is a well-known ordinary differential equation system. Its simple nonlinear equations show that a chaotic system, like the atmosphere, does not have a single deterministic solution. Edward N. Lorenz also showed that the predictability of the state depends on the flow itself, and numerical weather prediction models, therefore, cannot always be trusted equally. For this reason, when computing a forecast, it is necessary to consider both the model and observations with their weight uncertainties to get the most probabilistic analysis state. The EKF is an algorithm that provides a powerful data assimilation method for nonlinear systems. Its operating principle is based on the evolution of prior state (model evolution) and observation updates. Each observation update calculates the most likely state based on the prior state and observation errors. The process continues from the new analysis state by evolving the model until the next observation update. In this study, I made the EKF utilizing the Lorenz model and sent ensembles from the analysis states on the Lorenz attractor. I calculated the variance of evolved ensembles and compared them to the magnitude of prior state error at the observation update time levels. The results showed that these two parameters are positively correlated. For the 18-timestep observation interval, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.850, which indicates a very high correlation. Therefore, it can be concluded that when the prior state error is small, the ensemble on the Lorenz attractor indicates good predictability (i.e., dispersion of ensemble members is small) and vice versa

The Witch, the Zombie and the Power of Jesus: A trinity of spiritual warfare in Tanzanian Pentecostalism

The report discusses neo-Pentecostal gospel, demonology and deliverance in the context of social transformations and economic reforms in Tanzania, via a detailed case-study of a single church in Dar es Salaam—the Glory of Christ Tanzania Church—which displays the conjuncture of a global religion with  elements of local ontology such as witchcraft and zombies. It is proposed that the Pentacostal-Charismatic gospel provides the interpretative frame to explain experience of social and economic affliction that is deeply gendered. Further, the deliverance practices are suggested to free the individual believer  from the occult forces associated with kinship relations

Blind Men and the Elephant

I suggest that the transformation of an artifact from an introductory-type instrument into a viable, collectively used tool cannot be understood solely in terms of gradual adaptation of the technology and user environment, but also as a qualitatively broader integration process in which an expansion takes place. The case illustrated a constrained shift of an artifact from its first adopter, an individual pioneer user, to a more collective user in institutional medicine. The artifact, a neuromagnetometer instrument for brain research and diagnostics, brings together physicists, neuroscientists, physicians as well as various practitioners from the medical imaging industry. I applied an activity-theoretical framework for analysing the adoption of the neuromagnetometer from the pioneer phase of implementation into the more established use. The case showed that the anticipated transformation of the artifact constituted a major challenge for the user organization and its practitioners. It is suggested that an expansion of the object into a shared object of implementation among the separate practitioner groups is indispensable.This expansion of the object involves for the practitioners to recognize both the different objects and requirements of the pioneer phase of the implementation and the new phase of introduction into medical practice. It is shown that this recognition does not, however, come as given, spontaneously born in the transition. The emerging new object may remain only partially shared if not made visible by deliberate effort among the practitioners. The expansion requires collective visualization of the work and reflective dialogue on it. Employing analytical tools, such as the activity-theoretical concepts used here, is one possible way of facilitating such an effort

Blind Men and the Elephant

I suggest that the transformation of an artifact from an introductory-type instrument into a viable, collectively used tool cannot be understood solely in terms of gradual adaptation of the technology and user environment, but also as a qualitatively broader integration process in which an expansion takes place. The case illustrated a constrained shift of an artifact from its first adopter, an individual pioneer user, to a more collective user in institutional medicine. The artifact, a neuromagnetometer instrument for brain research and diagnostics, brings together physicists, neuroscientists, physicians as well as various practitioners from the medical imaging industry. I applied an activity-theoretical framework for analysing the adoption of the neuromagnetometer from the pioneer phase of implementation into the more established use. The case showed that the anticipated transformation of the artifact constituted a major challenge for the user organization and its practitioners. It is suggested that an expansion of the object into a shared object of implementation among the separate practitioner groups is indispensable.This expansion of the object involves for the practitioners to recognize both the different objects and requirements of the pioneer phase of the implementation and the new phase of introduction into medical practice. It is shown that this recognition does not, however, come as given, spontaneously born in the transition. The emerging new object may remain only partially shared if not made visible by deliberate effort among the practitioners. The expansion requires collective visualization of the work and reflective dialogue on it. Employing analytical tools, such as the activity-theoretical concepts used here, is one possible way of facilitating such an effort