Cultural Materialism in Cormac Mc Charty's No Country for Old Men Materialisme Kultural Dalam Novel No Country for Old Men Karya Cormac Mc Charty

No Country For Old Men is written by Cormac Mc Charty which is set in the boarderline of Mexico and Texas. The story centers on Chigurh who is a professional paid killer during the glorious time of the drug dealers and mafia. The environment has highly influenced his personality about vice and virtue. In the story the strongest order comes from the capital drug dealers which make them rule the way of life. In contrast, the police as the agent of virtue can not be a great benefactor to the citizen, since in the story the sheriff is never be able to catch or even meet Chigurh in person during his act as a peculiar serial killer. To study this phenomenon, the inductive method is employed to understand the position of power which leads to strongest doctrine that has major influence to influence Chigurh's behavior as a psychopath. Killing people becomes habit for such man who sees and kills people in daily activity. Furthermore, the environment forces him to do so. Gun becomes friend, and money is the purpose. By this peculiar environment, Chigurh has grown into a psychopathic killer with his own motive that was different by the other people. Money is no longer his sole purposes but pleasure and determined principle. This chaotic environment has established a new ideology which continues to the process of cultural materialism. Raymond William as the successor of Marxist teaching has proven that there is a way for people to adjust with his environment no matter how far it is peculiar since there is a class structure in the society. The final chapter of the novel ends with the survival of the evil and inability of the virtue. The story teaches that the strongest doctrine of the time could triumph over someone's nature

Puisi-puisi Langston Hughes Terpilih dalam Perspektif Riffaterre

Penelitian ini mengkaji signifikansi tiga puisi terpilih Hughes yang berjudul The Mother to Son, Trumpet Player dan The Negro Speaks of Rivers dengan menggunakan teori Michael Riffaterre yakni semiotika puisi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan signifikansi dari tiga puisi tersebut. Riffaterre menyatakan bahwa puisi memberi kesan yang tidak langsung. Ketidak langsungan kesan tersebut diproduksi oleh pergantian makna, pergeseran makna dan pembuatan makna. Untuk menemukan makna dari puisi, kami menggunakan metode analisis yang dihadirkan oleh Riffaterre yakni pembacaan heuristik and hermeneutik. Pembacaan heuristik diaplikasikan untuk menemukan arti dari kamus. Dalam pembacaan heuristik, kami akan menemukan arti, model dan varian. Pembacaan hermeneutik adalah proses semiotika yang ada pada pemikiran pembaca dan di pembacaan inilah kami menemukan matrik, hipogram dan makna signifikansi. Makna signifikansi dari tiga puisi Hughes adalah sebuah pemikiran liberalisme. Liberalisme terdiri dari kebebasan dan keadilan individu dalam masyarakat

Representasi Wacana Fandom Dalam Novel Fangirl Karya Rainbow Rowell

Melalui Fangirl, Rowell menyampaikan fenomena fandom dalam dua sudut pandang. Di satu sisi dia menunjukan pandangan seorang fan yang menilai fandom sebagai kegiatan yang wajar dan dia juga menunjukan gambaran orang-orang yang memberi penilaian buruk terhadap fandom. Wacana fandom di dalam novel dibentuk melalui karakter fiksi. Di dalam novel Fangirl terdapat pemeran utama dan pemeran pendukung yang memiliki perbedaan pandangan dalam menginterpretasikan sebuah teks. Teori representasi dan encoding/decoding oleh Stuart Hall diaplikasikan untuk menganalisa wacana fandom di dalam novel. Di dalam novel Fangirl, Rowell menunjukkan bahwa maksud dari sebuah teks tidak hanya dibentuk oleh satu pihak atau penulis saja tetapi juga bisa dibentuk oleh pembaca. Sebuah makna dibentuk melalui representasi wacana itu sendiri. Untuk menunjukan wacana fandom di dalam novel Fangirl, penelitian ini merangkum posisi karakter menjadi tiga grup sesuai dengan teori Hall yaitu posisi hegemoni dominan, negosiasi dan oposisi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahawa novel Fangirl merepresentasikan ketiga posisi proses decoding. Konstruksi wacana fandom di dalam novel memiliki keterkaitan dengan pemikiran masyarakat Amerika tentang fandom; sebagian dari mereka menolak dan sebagian menerima. Disisi lain penulis Fangirl meletakkan novel sebagai produk asli yang lebih layak untuk di apresiasi dibandingkan produk dari fan terutama fan fiction. Rowell mengembalikan lagi hal tersebut kepada hirarkinya bahwa posisi budaya subordinasi masih dibawah budaya populer

Gambaran Rezim Nazi dalam Peradaban Jerman dalam Beberapa Pilihan Puisi Sylvia Plath

Rezim Nazi adalah tragedi besar dari peradaban Jerman pada abad 20. Nazi merupakan sebuah partai yang sarat dengan pemerintahan diktator yang dipimpin oleh Adolf Hitler. Partai Nazi mencapai masa keemasannya pada tahun 1933-1945 (periode Perang dunia II). Kemudian pada tahun 1962, Sylvia Plath membuat sebuah potret keNazian dalam karya-karyanya di Daddy, Lady Lazarus, dan Mary\u27s Song. Pikiran imajinatif Plath sebagai anak perempuan Jerman mengungkapkan representasi yang berdasar sejarah kedalam puisi. Untuk itu, new historicism bagi Stephen Greenblatt merupakan sebuah perangkat dalam menguraikan wacana yang ada dalam teks puisi. Kemudian, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan potret Nazi sebagai produk laki-laki dalam sudut pandang perempuan. Atribut-atribut Nazi yang digunakan dalam teks puisi itu merupakan sebuah estetika dalam mengekplorasi kebrutalan Nazi yang dibayangkan sejajar dengan kebrutalan laki-laki dalam sistem patriarki. Kemudian, ekplorasi atribut-atribut itu menunjukkan kekuatan Nazi dalam menghegemoni orang-orang Jerman untuk menganggap program-program Nazi sebagai kehendak Tuhan. Akibatnya menunjukkan bahwa ada penyalahgunaan ajaran agama untuk kepentingan-kepentingan tertentu. Jadi, melalui teks puisi itu, Plath membawa bagian-bagian dari sejarah Jerman melalui emosinya terhadap rezim Nazi

Certified reference material against PR3 ANCA IgG autoantibodies. From development to certification.

Background The importance of the standardisation of immunoassays for autoantibodies has been widely discussed. The appropriate use of certified reference materials (CRM) could contribute to a more accurate diagnosis and follow-up of a series of diseases such as small vessel-associated vasculitis. This is a systemic autoimmune disorder during which two autoantibodies can be present, MPO ANCA IgG and PR3 ANCA IgG. Results from different commercially available immunoassays used for PR3 ANCA IgG measurement can vary significantly. Therefore the potential for improvement using a suitable certified reference material was assessed and led to the development of a CRM. Methods Thirty clinical samples were evaluated using 10 immunoassays. The correlation between results from these assays was assessed in a pairwise manner. Feasibility studies were conducted in order to find a reference material format most suitable for the preparation of a CRM. Results The evaluation of two sets of 30 clinical samples with 10 assays showed that differences between assays can result in different interpretations for individual clinical samples. Most of the samples had the same result classification in all assays. However, six of the samples tested led to inconsistent results. Conclusions The correlation between results from clinical samples was systematically good for combinations of eight of those assays. Therefore, it should be possible to improve the comparability of results using a commutable CRM for calibration. Based on these studies, a final format for the CRM was selected and eventually produced and certified for its PR3 ANCA IgG content

Employment of Computed Tomography in the Study of Traumata Scored from Two Adults from Croatian Bioarchaeology

Računalnu smo tomografiju (CT) rabili u proučavanju trauma dviju odraslih osoba iz hrvatske bioarheologije – žene iz sekundarnog arheološkog konteksta (Zagajci) i muškarca iz srednjovjekovnog grobnog kompleksa (Zvonimirovo). Ozljede smo razmotrili u odnosu na moguća nasilna djelovanja nasuprot slučajnim nezgodama. Imali smo ukupno dva cilja: izolirani nalaz lubanje iz Zagajaca sa zacijeljenom depresijskom frakturom čeone kosti (slučaj 1) ispitali smo kako bismo dobili uvid u mogući utjecaj ozljede na unutarnju lubanjsku tablu. Izolirani slučaj osobe iz starije zbirke Zvonimirova koja je pokazivala zacijeljene prijelome lijeve lakatne i ključne kosti, te relikt mandibularnog zuba (slučaj 2), ispitali smo kako bismo dobili detaljne radiološke podatke o drugim mogućim traumama (korijena zubā). CT presjeci koje smo dobili u slučaju ženske osobe pokazali su depresijsku frakturu s prodorom u unutarnju tablu upućujući na agresivni udarac u čelo tupo-tvrdim predmetom. CT presjeci koje smo dobili u slučaju muške osobe iznjedrili su nazočnost nezacijeljenih (perimortalnih) prijeloma korijena gornjočeljusnih zubā. Vremenski različite implikacije na koje upućuju zaživotne i perimortalne traume ukazuju na različite scenarije traumatskih događaja u slučaju muškarca: ozljede je mogao zadobiti prilikom (vremenski različitih) nezgoda, budući da nema nazočnih zaživotnih/perimortalnih ozljeda kostiju lubanje; ipak, s obzirom na srednjovjekovni kontekst ne može se isključiti scenario u dvije etape prema kojem ponovljene ozljede na lijevoj strani mogu upućivati na nekoliko epizoda nasilnog djelovanja na sljedeći način: muškarac je prvotno mogao zadobiti udarac u lijevu podlakticu podignutu u samoobrani; prijelom ključne kosti, nastao po svemu sudeći za vrijeme istog događaja, mogao se zbiti prilikom pada koji je uslijedio. Vremenski različit udarac u bradu, pri čemu bi zubi donje čeljusti vrlo snažno udarili o gornjočeljusne zube s učinkom neizravnih (perimortalnih) prijeloma korijena zubā, mogao bi upućivati na posttraumatske implikacije koje su mogle pridonijeti smrti osobe.Computed tomography (CT) was employed in the study of two adults’ traumata from Croatian bioarchaeology – a female from a secondary archaeological context (Zagajci) and male from a medieval burial complex (Zvonimirovo). Injuries were considered in reference to possible violent acts versus accidents. Our aim went two ways: an isolated Zagajci cranium with healed depressed fracture to the frontal bone (case 1), was investigated as to assess insight into a possible impact effect of the injury on the inner table. An isolated case from the early Zvonimirovo collection with healed left ulna/clavicle fractures and the mandibular tooth relic (case 2), was investigated as to obtain detailed radiological data on other possible (root) traumata. The female CT scans showed a depressed fracture penetrating the inner table – suggestive of aggressive blow to the forehead with hard-blunt object. The male CT scans generated unhealed (perimortal) left maxillary root fractures. Different time implications suggested by antemortal/perimortal traumata offer alternative traumatic scenarios for the male: traumata could be sustained in (different time) accidents due to the absence of (antemortal/perimortal) cranial bone traumata; however in terms of the medieval context one cannot exclude the two-step scenario whereby repeated injuries to the left body side could be suggestive of several episodes of violence as follows: firstly a man could sustain a blow to the left forearm raised in defense; possibly co-occurring fractured clavicle might be suggestive of the fall that followed. Different time blow to the chin, whereby the lower teeth could violently hit the upper causing indirect (perimortal) root fractures, might be suggestive of posttraumatic implications accounting for the death of individual

Beauty As World Transposition: Fairy Tale Adaptation in Imperfect (2019) from Memoir to Film

Fairy tales shape most girls’ formative years, introducing them to fairies who guide them toward meeting Prince Charming on a white horse, marrying, and living happily ever after. Imperfect, a memoir of self-acceptance written by Meira Anastasia and adapted into a film of the same title, represents a related construction of beauty that parallels Charles Perrault’s fairy tale Beauty and the Beast. The concept of beauty serves as the central element in the fairy tale, revealing similar patterns in both the memoir and its film adaptation. Beauty constructions established in Beauty and the Beast over the past four centuries remain significant for contemporary women. This article examines two key questions: How does beauty adaptation function as world transposition from the fairy tale to reconstruct women’s worlds in Imperfect? What ideological and cultural implications emerge from this adaptation? We apply Linda Hutcheon’s theory of adaptation to address these questions through a multi-perspectival approach. Our findings reveal that the interpellation of beauty construction appears within the intimate emotional narrative mode embedded in the story’s genre. The beauty transposition from the fairy tale reconstructs women’s worlds, moving from Renaissance humanism to postmodernist subjectivism. This study contributes uniquely to adaptation studies by analyzing memoir as source text rather than traditional literary works, demonstrating how Indonesian cultural contexts indigenize European fairy tale beauty standards, and revealing how different media forms create distinct mechanisms of resistance to patriarchal beauty discourse

Self-healing Multi-Cloud Application Modelling

Cloud computing market forecasts and technology trends confirm that Cloud is an IT disrupting phenomena and that the number of companies with multi-cloud strategy is continuously growing. Cost optimization and increased competitiveness of companies that exploit multi-cloud will only be possible when they are able to leverage multiple cloud offerings, while mastering both the complexity of multiple cloud provider management and the protection against the higher exposure to attacks that multi-cloud brings. This paper presents the MUSA Security modelling language for multi-cloud applications which is based on the Cloud Application Modelling and Execution Language (CAMEL) to overcome the lack of expressiveness of state-of-the-art modelling languages towards easing: a) the automation of distributed deployment, b) the computation of composite Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that include security and privacy aspects, and c) the risk analysis and service match-making taking into account not only functionality and business aspects of the cloud services, but also security aspects. The paper includes the description of the MUSA Modeller as the Web tool supporting the modelling with the MUSA modelling language. The paper introduces also the MUSA SecDevOps framework in which the MUSA Modeller is integrated and with which the MUSA Modeller will be validated.The MUSA project leading to this paper has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation pro- gramme under grant agreement No 644429