The Impact of Road Accidents to the Community of Iringa Municipality: Challenges in Reducing Risks

This paper examines impact of Road Accidents on community socio-economic activities in Iringa municipality. It assumes that accident as any disaster adversely affects people, property and environment. The paper employed questionnaire, interview, observation and documentary search for data collection. The study found that road accidents on-site conditions were caused by poor infrastructure, overloading of vehicles, law impunity, inadequacy of relevant laws, corruption, negligence of drivers, lack of road safety education and road traffic signs. Road accidents caused loss of lives, increase of dependence, destruction of property, increase of poverty, injuries and permanent disabilities. Provision of training to drivers, serious enforcement of the laws, provision of education to road users through public agitations, posters and television broadcasts, introduction of ad hoc inspection of road quality and transport facilities were some of the techniques used to curb the risk. Generally, road accidents caused a great loss of human, physical and natural resources. The intervention is on on-site conditions while very little attention is put on the root causes. It is recommended that, in addressing this human induced disaster the government in collaborations with other stakeholders should focus on the root causes in a participatory manner to bring community equity hence sustainable development

Land Resource In Tanzania: Whose State, Whose Resource?

This paper assesses land resource in Tanzania in relation to ownership, access and control for livelihood and development. The ownership of state and resources impacts the community stability and development. The paper employs political ecology approach to analyze the state of art in relation to land. In-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions and Literature review were employed to establish historical trend in relation to conflicts and contradictions that exist in resource management. The paper advances that, since 1895, Tanzania has undergone a number of land reforms. Since then, principles of land tenure have not changed. This resulted to conflicts over land which occurs in different forms and scale. After independence, land was dispossessed in the name of national/or public interest to establish National Parks, agricultural projects and other projects that did not respond to internal demands. After the failure of the projects such land was not returned to the users. Moreover, Tanzania has formulated a number of laws to facilitate accumulation. These include commodification of land that raised its demand hence second scramble. About 16 Acts were enacted annually since 1990 to fulfil the demand that caused the rise of the question whose state. Both Tanzania and Mozambique inherited colonial systems of natural resource management and ownership which continue to inform the current practice. The state apparatuses are the agents of accumulation. The situation will be tense in future if not addressed now

Accumulation Tendency, Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality in Tanzania

Sustainable tourism depends on, among others, culture and interaction between members of a given community, flow of tourists and political climate of the host country, and hospitality of the service providers. It assumes that nature of the economy and relation of production and tranquillity define the sustainability of tourism. This paper presents the case of Ngorongoro district where Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) and Loliondo Game Controlled Area (LGCA) are situated. Resources in these areas were sustained under the local community for centuries before the application of the modern approaches, which involved land alienation. The alienation of land led to the loss of pastures, eviction and relocation of Maasai pastoralists from NCAA. The situation made the pastoralists lose their livelihood options. Some development initiatives were prohibited. Community members started to fight with investors on access to resources. Moreover, search for alternative sources of living drove them into illegal practices of robbing travellers. Indeed, poaching and illegal transfers of wild animals by colluding with those in power made a few individuals benefit from the practices. As a result, the accumulation tendency made the hosting community lose their resources and the livelihood options as well. In this way, the only immediate option was trespassing to the existing resources and users; hence, malfunctioning of the sector. Thus, this paper argues that, in order to realise sustainable tourism and curb the emerging hostility between the resource hosts and the greedy individuals, community participation is paramount.  </jats:p

La blouse : réflexions sur l'identité du psychiatre de liaison en pédiatrie

L’auteur, travaillant comme psychiatre dans un service de pédiatrie, développe, à partir de réflexions de Silla Consoli, trois axes importants du travail de liaison : être là, répondre, surprendre. Il s’interroge ensuite sur l’identité professionnelle des intervenants en psychiatrie de liaison

Synagogue, Delwiller, Bas Rhin. Pre-building project 1865

Site plan, elevation and cross sections for a synagogue. Signed and dated in lower right.Digital imag

Evaluating earthquake disaster risk management in schools in Rungwe Volcanic Province in Tanzania

This article establishes existing knowledge on earthquakes and coping mechanisms employed in reducing the severity of adverse impacts caused by an earthquake disaster in a specific locality. The purpose of the study was to recommend useful measures for disaster risk management. It also more particularly aimed at assessing mechanisms employed in reducing the disaster risk and integrating knowledge of disasters and hazards in primary and secondary school curricula. The study was carried out in Rungwe Volcanic Province in Rungwe District, Tanzania, and included recording people’s attitudes towards earthquake disaster and locations of schools. It employed focus group discussions, public hearings and interviews in order to capture the actual situation relating to risk and vulnerability assessments by the community. The study revealed high levels of risk and vulnerability to the impact of earthquakes on the part of the community, who accepted earthquakes as a normal phenomenon and therefore did not employ special measures to reduce the impact. The study showed that the community’s coping mechanisms and the extent to which disaster management knowledge has been integrated in school curricula are inadequate in addressing earthquake disasters. It is thus recommended that traditional and modern technologies be integrated in curricula and later in sustainable practices; such technologies include the belief in ‘Nyifwila’, traditional housing style and wooden housing, and non-structural planning for disaster risk management.https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v4i1.4

Accumulation Tendency, Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality in Tanzania

Sustainable tourism depends on, among others, culture and interaction between members of a given community, flow of tourists and political climate of the host country, and hospitality of the service providers. It assumes that nature of the economy and relation of production and tranquillity define the sustainability of tourism. This paper presents the case of Ngorongoro district where Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) and Loliondo Game Controlled Area (LGCA) are situated. Resources in these areas were sustained under the local community for centuries before the application of the modern approaches, which involved land alienation. The alienation of land led to the loss of pastures, eviction and relocation of Maasai pastoralists from NCAA. The situation made the pastoralists lose their livelihood options. Some development initiatives were prohibited. Community members started to fight with investors on access to resources. Moreover, search for alternative sources of living drove them into illegal practices of robbing travellers. Indeed, poaching and illegal transfers of wild animals by colluding with those in power made a few individuals benefit from the practices. As a result, the accumulation tendency made the hosting community lose their resources and the livelihood options as well. In this way, the only immediate option was trespassing to the existing resources and users; hence, malfunctioning of the sector. Thus, this paper argues that, in order to realise sustainable tourism and curb the emerging hostility between the resource hosts and the greedy individuals, community participation is paramount.