Strong Effort Manipulations Reduce Response Caution:A Preregistered Reinvention of the Ego-Depletion Paradigm

People feel tired or depleted after exerting mental effort. But even preregistered studies often fail to find effects of exerting effort on behavioral performance in the laboratory or elucidate the underlying psychology. We tested a new paradigm in four preregistered within-subjects studies ( N = 686). An initial high-demand task reliably elicited very strong effort phenomenology compared with a low-demand task. Afterward, participants completed a Stroop task. We used drift-diffusion modeling to obtain the boundary (response caution) and drift-rate (information-processing speed) parameters. Bayesian analyses indicated that the high-demand manipulation reduced boundary but not drift rate. Increased effort sensations further predicted reduced boundary. However, our demand manipulation did not affect subsequent inhibition, as assessed with traditional Stroop behavioral measures and additional diffusion-model analyses for conflict tasks. Thus, effort exertion reduced response caution rather than inhibitory control, suggesting that after exerting effort, people disengage and become uninterested in exerting further effort. </p

Entry, Industry Growth and the Micro Dynamics of Industry Supply

Entry is widely discussed, but rarely subjected to empirical study. This study develops a competitive theory of entry, with primary focus on the relationship between entry and industry growth. The main ingredients are adjustment coats to firms already in the industry and the distribution of fixed entry costs to potential entrants. The theory suggests sufficient conditions under which the entry rate is an increasing, convex function of industry growth rate. A regression model is applied to data from Swedish manufacturing industries. The results are consistent with the theoretical prediction for growth and other key variables expected to influence entry significantly

First identification and characterization of porcine enterovirus G in the United States

Porcine enterovirus G (EV-G) is a member of the family Picornavirdae, genus Enterovirus. To date, eleven EV-G types (EV-G1 through EV-G11) have been identified in pigs from Asia and Europe however they have never been reported in North America. In this study, we isolated and characterized the complete genome of NP/2013/USA, an EV-G from a porcine diarrhea sample from the United States. The complete genome consists of 7,390 nucleotides excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail, and has an open reading frame that encodes a 2,169 amino acid polyprotein. NP/2013/USA was most similar at the nucleotide (84%) and amino acid (95%) level to the HM131607, an EV-G1 type isolated from China in 2012

Statistical Communication Theory

Contains reports on four research projects

Senecavirus A in Pigs, United States, 2015

Citation: Hause, B. M., Myers, O., Duff, J., & Hesse, R. A. (2016). Senecavirus A in Pigs, United States, 2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22(7), 1323-1325. doi:10.3201/eid2207.151951Senecavirus A (SVA) has been sporadically identified in pigs with idiopathic vesicular disease in the United States and Canada (1–3). Clinical symptoms observed include ruptured vesicles and erosions on the snout and lameness associated with broken vesicles along the coronary band. A recent report characterized SVA in pigs in Brazil with similar clinical symptoms in addition to a higher proportion of deaths than would be expected in pigs 1–4 days of age (4,5). Several outbreaks of this infection in pigs were reported in the summer of 2015 in the United States; the more severe clinical features resembled those seen in outbreaks in Brazil (6). Subsequent testing by PCR of 2,033 oral fluid samples from material submitted during 441 routine diagnostic testing procedures (from 25 states) identified 5 SVA-positive cases (1%) (7). Besides affecting animal health, SVA infection is notable because its clinical symptoms resemble those caused by foot-and-mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis viruses. When vesicular disease is observed in US swine, mandatory reporting and testing of animals for foreign animal diseases are required

Restoration of Macroscopic Isotropy on (d+1)(d+1)-Simplex Fractal Conductor Networks

Restoration of macroscopic isotropy has been investigated in (d+1)-simplex fractal conductor networks via exact real space renormalization group transformations. Using some theorems of fixed point theory, it has been shown very rigoroursly that the macroscopic conductivity becomes isotropic for large scales and anisotropy vanishes with a scaling exponent which is computed exactly for arbitrary values of d and decimation numbers b=2,3,4 and 5.Comment: 27 Pages, 3 Figure