The Role of Emotions in Austrian Neutrality and Current Austrian Foreign Policy

The present Maters thesis explores the emotional association of Austrian citizens with the country's policy of neutrality. This study employs a constructivist approach and uses a critical discourse analysis of nine interviews with a non-probability sample to explore emotions. The results suggest that emotions such as disappointment, shame, gratitude, security, nostalgia, and pride are commonly associated with neutrality in Austria. The implications of these emotions on current Austrian foreign policy are discussed, with the study finding that emotions are likely to impact the process and outcome of decision-making in foreign policy. This study contributes to the existing literature on constructivism, neutrality, and emotions in international relations and provides a different perspective on understanding Austrian neutrality.The present Maters thesis explores the emotional association of Austrian citizens with the country's policy of neutrality. This study employs a constructivist approach and uses a critical discourse analysis of nine interviews with a non-probability sample to explore emotions. The results suggest that emotions such as disappointment, shame, gratitude, security, nostalgia, and pride are commonly associated with neutrality in Austria. The implications of these emotions on current Austrian foreign policy are discussed, with the study finding that emotions are likely to impact the process and outcome of decision-making in foreign policy. This study contributes to the existing literature on constructivism, neutrality, and emotions in international relations and provides a different perspective on understanding Austrian neutrality

The responsibility to protect in international law - A shift in the intervention debate?

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Konzept der ,Schutzverantwortung? (R2P), verglichen mit der Doktrin der humanit\ue4ren Intervention, im v\uf6lkerrechtlichen Kontext des ius contra bellum. Damit soll eine Forschungsl\ufccke zu R2P geschlossen werden, insofern das Konzept zwar meist als Nachfolger der humanit\ue4ren Intervention begriffen, jedoch kaum hinreichend im Kontrast zu dieser analysiert, bzw. der Anspruch von R2P, das sog. Interventionsdilemma zu \ufcberwinden und Wechsel vom ,Recht zur Intervention? zur ,Schutzverantwortung? zu bewirken, beurteilt wird.Zun\ue4chst wird der Gegenstand der humanit\ue4ren Intervention im v\uf6lkerrechtlichen Kontext klar umgrenzt, historisch sowie im gegenw\ue4rtigen V\uf6lkerrecht verortet und seine beiden Hauptbereiche ?unilaterale milit\ue4rische Intervention bzw. Zwangsma fnahmen nach Kap. VII der Charta der Vereinten Nationen (UN) ?dargestellt werden. So erhellen auch die beiden \uc4ste des Interventionsdilemmas ? dieV\uf6lkerrechtswidrigkeit des ersteren und politische Volatilit\ue4t des letzteren Bereichs.Vor dem Hintergrund wird R2P untersucht, seine Genealogie, Kerninhalte und Entwicklung kritisch betrachtet. Dabei erweist R2P sich als durch seine Entwicklung hindurch relativ konsistentes Konzept, welches im Zuge dieser Entwicklung in (stets) enge(re)m UN-Nahverh\ue4ltnis zu verorten ist.Schlie flich werden humanit\ue4re und R2P-Milit\ue4rintervention verglichen und gezeigt, dass R2P eher multilaterales Engagement denn unilaterale Gewaltanwendung, eher politische Initiative denn Rechtspflicht zum multilateralen Schutz von Bev\uf6lkerungen vor massiven Gr\ue4ueltaten darstellt. Die Pr\ufcfung erhellt das geringe Potential der auf milit\ue4rische Aspekte reduzierten R2P, wodurch deutlich dasumfassendereSpektrum von R2P, besonders aber die zentrale Rolle von Konfliktpr\ue4vention als eigentlicher Beitrag von R2P erhellt. Darin, so das Ergebnis der Arbeit, liegt das wesentliche Potential des Konzepts zur cberwindung der Debatte bzw. des Dilemmas der humanit\ue4ren Intervention.The present thesis assesses the concept of the 'responsibility to protect' (R2P) against the background of the doctrine of humanitarian intervention in public international law contra bellum. It thereby seeks to fill a gap in the literature on R2P, which is generally understood as a reaction to humanitarian intervention but hitherto examined insufficiently in contrast to it. Thus the thesis examines R2P's ambition to overcome the 'dilemma of intervention' and to shift the terms of the debate from the 'right to intervene' to the 'responsibility to protect'.The first part of the thesis contains an examination of the doctrine of humanitarian intervention in international law: Its definition, historical and contemporary legal settings and two branches of humanitarian intervention ? unilateral military intervention, and collective enforcement according to Ch. VII of the United Nations (UN) Charter ?are clarified, including their respective horns of the dilemma:unlawfulness of the former and political volatility of the latter branch. Against this background the responsibility to protect, its genealogy tenets and (their) development and international recognition are critically examined. R2P proves to be relatively consistent and on track throughout its development which affiliates it (ever more) closely with the UN. Finally, humanitarian and R2P-military intervention contrasted with each other other and R2P is shown to be rather a multilateralist advancement than a ground for unilateral resorts to armed force, rather a political inducement than legal obligation to multilaterally protect populations from mass atrocities. Reduced to its military features it is shown to have little novel potential, which hints to the remaining and hitherto relatively disregarded gamut of R2P: its comprehensive framework and emphasis on conflict prevention. Here the concept shows its potential to overcome the intervention dilemma and to effect a shift in its debate.verfasst von Nathan HauthalerAbweichender Titel laut cbersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2009(VLID)20763

Die Ueberlieferung der gefälschten Passauer Bullen und Briefe

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