Identifikace neutrálních pionu v kalorimetru pro FCC-hh

Future Circular Collider (FCC) je plánovaný takmer 100 km dlhý urýchľovač, ktorý by mohol byť vybudovaný okolo roku 2040 v laboratóriu CERN. Sústrediť sa budeme najmä na jeho protón-protónový urýchľovač (FCC-hh), využívaný predovšetkým pre objavy no- vých častíc. Neutrálne pióny sa takmer okamžite po vzniku rozpadajú na dva fotóny. Tieto fotóny sú veľmi blízko seba a môžu byť pri rekonštrukcii omylom považované za jediný fotón. S dostatočnou granularitou kalorimetra by sme mali byť schopní zaregis- trovať oba fotóny a rozlíšiť signál neutrálneho piónu od fotónu. Hlavným cieľom práce je zoznámiť sa s geometriou kalorimetra plánovaného pre FCC-hh. Ďalej otestujeme, ako sme schopní zrekonštruovať rozpady neutrálnych piónov s rôznymi energiami pomocou signálu z buniek kalorimetra. Nakoniec budeme pozorovať prostredníctvom simulácií roz- delenie uhlu medzi dvoma fotónmi z rozpadu neutrálneho piónu. 1Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a 100 km long particle collider to be built around the year 2040 in the CERN laboratory. Our main focus is going to be the proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) used primarily for the discovery of new particles. Neutral pions de- cay almost immediately after creation into two photons. These photons are very close to each other and could be misidentified as a single photon during reconstruction. With a sufficiently granular calorimeter, we should be able to register both photons and dis- tinguish the signal of a neutral pion from a photon. The main object of this thesis is to acquaint ourselves with the layout of the calorimeter planned for the FCC-hh experiment. Furthermore we will test our ability to reconstruct neutral pion decays using the signal from calorimeter cells. Finally, we will simulate distribution of the decay angle between two photons from the neutral pion decay. 1Institute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsÚstav částicové a jaderné fyzikyFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult

Neutral pion identification at Future Circular Collider

Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a 100 km long particle collider to be built around the year 2040 in the CERN laboratory. The first stage of operation is going to be a lepton collider FCC-ee which aims to test the Standard model with unprecedented precision at maximal central energies of 365 GeV. Neutral pions originating from such collisions are crucial for reconstructions of particles such as the τ lepton and their identification poses a challenge for detectors. Neutral pions decay almost immediately into a pair of photons separated by a small angle and can be easily misidentified as a single photon. We should be able to distinguish the signal of a neutral pion from the signal of a single photon with a fine segmented calorimeter. In the thesis we will work with the FCC-ee noble liquid calorimeter design. The main goal of the thesis is to understand the geometry of the calorimeter planned for FCC-ee experiment and investigate the options offered by multivariate analysis methods for the reconstruction and identification of neutral pions against a single photon background. 1Future Circular Collider (FCC) je 100 km dlhý urýchľovač častíc, ktorého výstavba sa plánuje okolo roku 2040 v laboratóriu CERN. Prvú etapu bude tvoriť leptónový urýchľo- vač FCC-ee, ktorého cieľom bude otestovať Štandardný model s nebývalou presnosťou pri centrálnej energii 365 GeV. Neutrálne pióny pochádzajúce z takýchto zrážok sú dôle- žité na rekonštrukciu častíc ako napríklad τ leptóny a ich identifikácia predstavuje výzvu pre detektory. Neutrálne pióny sa rozpadajú na pár fotónov s veľmi malým rozletovým uhlom, kvôli čomu sa dajú ľahko zameniť za jeden fotón. Mali by sme byť schopní rozlíšiť signál z neutrálneho piónu od signálu z jediného fotónu v kalorimetri s dostatočne jem- nou segmentáciou. V tejto práci budeme pracovať s návrhom kalorimetru pre FCC-ee, ktorý využíva kvapalné vzácne plyny. Hlavným cieľom našej práce je porozumieť stavbe kalorimetra plánovaného pre experiment FCC-ee a preskúmať možnosti identifikácie ne- utrálnych piónov na fotónovom pozadí pomocou "multivariate analysis"metód. 1Ústav částicové a jaderné fyzikyInstitute of Particle and Nuclear PhysicsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsMatematicko-fyzikální fakult

Nanoformulation of the Broad-Spectrum Hydrophobic Antiviral Vacuolar ATPase Inhibitor Diphyllin in Human Recombinant H-ferritin

Background: As highlighted by recent pandemic outbreaks, antiviral drugs are crucial resources in the global battle against viral diseases. Unfortunately, most antiviral drugs are characterized by a plethora of side effects and low efficiency/poor bioavailability owing to their insolubility. This also applies to the arylnaphthalide lignin family member, diphyllin (Diph). Diph acts as a vacuolar ATPase inhibitor and has been previously identified as a promising candidate with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, its physicochemical properties preclude its efficient administration in vivo, complicating preclinical testing. Methods: We produced human recombinant H- ferritin (HsaFtH) and used it as a delivery vehicle for Diph encapsulation through pH-mediated reversible reassembly of HsaFtH. Diph nanoformulation was subsequently thoroughly characterized and tested for its non-target cytotoxicity and antiviral efficiency using a panel of pathogenic viral strain. Results: We revealed that loading into HsaFtH decreased the undesired cytotoxicity of Diph in mammalian host cells. We also confirmed that encapsulated Diph exhibited slightly lower antiviral activity than free Diph, which may be due to the differential uptake mechanism and kinetics of free Diph and Diph@HsaFtH. Furthermore, we confirmed that the antiviral effect was mediated solely by Diph with no contribution from HsaFtH. Conclusion: It was confirmed that HsaFtH is a suitable vehicle that allows easy loading of Diph and production of highly homogeneous nanoparticles dispersion with promising broad-spectrum antiviral activity.O

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel flexible nucleoside analogues that inhibit flavivirus replication in vitro

Flaviviruses, such as Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, represent a severe health burden. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments, and vaccines against most flaviviruses are still lacking. We have developed several flexible analogues (“fleximers”) of the FDA-approved nucleoside Acyclovir that exhibit activity against various RNA viruses, demonstrating their broad-spectrum potential. The current study reports activity against DENV and YFV, particularly for compound 1. Studies to elucidate the mechanism of action suggest the flex-analogue triphosphates, especially 1-TP, inhibit DENV and ZIKV methyltransferases. The results of these studies are reported herein

Measurement of double-differential charged-current Drell-Yan cross-sections at high transverse masses in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a first measurement of the cross-section for the charged-current Drell-Yan process $pp\rightarrow W^{\pm} \rightarrow \ell^{\pm} \nu$ above the resonance region, where $\ell$ is an electron or muon. The measurement is performed for transverse masses, $m_{\text{T}}^{\text{W}}$, between 200 GeV and 5000 GeV, using a sample of 140 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2015-2018. The data are presented single differentially in transverse mass and double differentially in transverse mass and absolute lepton pseudorapidity. A test of lepton flavour universality shows no significant deviations from the Standard Model. The electron and muon channel measurements are combined to achieve a total experimental precision of 3% at low $m_{\text{T}}^{\text{W}}$. The single- and double differential $W$-boson charge asymmetries are evaluated from the measurements. A comparison to next-to-next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions using several recent parton distribution functions and including next-to-leading-order electroweak effects indicates the potential of the data to constrain parton distribution functions. The data are also used to constrain four fermion operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory formalism, in particular the lepton-quark operator Wilson coefficient $c_{\ell q}^{(3)}.

Measurement of W±-boson differential cross-sections in proton–proton collisions with low pile-up data at √s = 5.02TeV and 13TeV with the ATLAS detector

High precision single-differential W±-boson production cross-sections as a function of electron or muon transverse momentum pT or their pseudorapity η, as well as double-differential cross-sections as functions of these variables, are measured in proton–proton collisions at centre-of mass energies √s = 5.02TeV and 13TeV. The W-boson charge asymmetry as a function of lepton η is also measured. The data, collected in dedicated runs at reduced instantaneous luminosity with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, correspond to integrated luminosities of 255pb−1 at 5.02TeV and 338pb−1 at 13TeV. The measurements are in agreement with Standard-Model predictions calculated at next-to-next-to-leading-order in the strong coupling constant αs including transverse-momentum resummation at next-to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy using several parton distribution functions. The impact of the measured differential cross-sections as a function of lepton η on the determination of these functions is studied using a profiling technique

Charged-hadron and identified-hadron (K0 S, , −) yield measurements in photonuclear Pb+Pband p+Pbcollisions at √ sNN = 5.02TeV with ATLAS

This paper presents the measurement of charged-hadron and identified-hadron (K0 S, , −) yields in photonuclear collisions using 1.7nb−1 of √ sNN = 5.02TeV Pb+Pb data collected in 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Candidate photonuclear events are selected using a combination of tracking and calorimeter information, including the zero-degree calorimeter. The yields as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are measured in these photonuclear collisions as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. These photonuclear results are compared with 0.1nb−1 of √ sNN = 5.02TeV p+Pbdata collected in 2016 by ATLAS using similar charged-particle multiplicity selections. These photonuclear measurements shed light on potential quark-gluon plasma formation in photonuclear collisions via observables sensitive to radial flow, enhanced baryon-to-meson ratios, and strangeness enhancement. The results are also compared with the Monte Carlo DPMJET-III generator and hydrodynamic calculations to test whether such photonuclear collisions may produce small droplets of quark-gluon plasma that flow collectively

Search for long-lived charged particles using large specific ionisation loss and time of flight in 140 fb−1 of pp collisions at = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a search for massive, charged, long-lived particles with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using an integrated luminosity of 140 f b−1 of proton-proton collisions at √ s = 13 TeV. These particles are expected to move signifcantly slower than the speed of light. In this paper, two signal regions provide complementary sensitivity. In one region, events are selected with at least one charged-particle track with high transverse momentum, large specifc ionisation measured in the pixel detector, and time of fight to the hadronic calorimeter inconsistent with the speed of light. In the other region, events are selected with at least two tracks of opposite charge which both have a high transverse momentum and an anomalously large specifc ionisation. The search is sensitive to particles with lifetimes greater than about 3 ns with masses ranging from 200 GeV to 3 TeV. The results are interpreted to set constraints on the supersymmetric pair production of long-lived R-hadrons, charginos and staus, with mass limits extending beyond those from previous searches in broad ranges of lifetime

Neutral pion identification at Future Circular Collider

Future Circular Collider (FCC) is a 100 km long particle collider to be built around the year 2040 in the CERN laboratory. The first stage of operation is going to be a lepton collider FCC-ee which aims to test the Standard model with unprecedented precision at maximal central energies of 365 GeV. Neutral pions originating from such collisions are crucial for reconstructions of particles such as the τ lepton and their identification poses a challenge for detectors. Neutral pions decay almost immediately into a pair of photons separated by a small angle and can be easily misidentified as a single photon. We should be able to distinguish the signal of a neutral pion from the signal of a single photon with a fine segmented calorimeter. In the thesis we will work with the FCC-ee noble liquid calorimeter design. The main goal of the thesis is to understand the geometry of the calorimeter planned for FCC-ee experiment and investigate the options offered by multivariate analysis methods for the reconstruction and identification of neutral pions against a single photon background.