The Relation of Predisposition Factor with the Low Enthusiasm of the Acceptor of Family Programme to Use Iud (Intra Uterine Device) at the Work Region of Puskesmas Payakabung Ogan Ilir 2008

Background : One of the target of the national family programme movement is to invite as many as posibble the new acceptor of family programme to use long-range and effective method of contraception, which one of them is IUD (Intra Uterine Device), this contraception has long-range as a contraception and give positive impact in preventing pregnancy. Based on the data which is got from various sources, it got that the acceptor of the family programme who is using IUD is still lower especially at the work region of puskesmas payakabung ogan ilir, which is the amount of the acceptor who using IUD is 0.15%. The intention of this research is to know whether there is a relation of predisposition factors such as child amount, education and knowledge with the low enthusiasm of the acceptor of the family programme to use IUD. Methods : The design of this research is analytic survey with approach of cross sectional. The population that used are the entire of the active acceptor family programme at the work region of Puskesmas Payakabung Ogan Ilir which are amount 1942 people. The sample of this research is using non random sampling by accidental sampling method, so that got by the sample as much 95 people. Result : Based on the univariate analysis most of the responder are using non IUD which are amount 92,6% and based on bivariate analysis there is a relation between child amount with the using of IUD (p value=0.042), there is a relation between education with the using of IUD (p value=0.047) and there is a relation between knowledge with the using of IUD (p value=0.044). Conclusion : Suggested to all midwives at Puskesmas Payakabung Ogan Ilir to increase the illumination and also the counseling, education and information about family programme, especially about IUD and its side effect, by inviting minimal 10 acceptor of family programme from each countryside to come to Puskesmas Payakabung Ogan Ilir to get the illumination, where the illumination conduct by using flip chart and physic appliance as a means of illumination assist, so all the acceptor of family programme who are come get the clearer and precisely information, there by expected the proportion of using IUD as a contreceotion especcialy at the work region of a Puskesmas Payakabung Ogan Ilir can be improved

PRARANCANGAN PABRIK PULP DARI AMPAS TEBU DENGAN PROSES ORGANOSOLV DENGAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI 75.000 TON/TAHUN

Prarancangan pabrik pulp ini menggunakan ampas tebu sebagai bahan baku. Kapasitas produksi pabrik Pulp dengan proses organosolv adalah 75.000 Ton/Tahun dengan hari kerja 330 hari/tahun. Proses produksi secara keseluruhan menggunakan proses kontinyu dengan melibatkan proses digesting, blowing, washing, dan drying. Bentuk perusahaan yang direncanakan adalah Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan menggunakan metode struktur organisasi garis dan staf. Kebutuhan tanaga kerja untuk menjalankan perusahaan ini berjumlah 154 orang. Lokasi pabrik direncanakan didirikan di desa Aman Damai, Kecamatan Sirapit, Kabupaten Langkat, Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan luas tanah 26.400 m2. Sumber air untuk pabrik pulp ini berasal dari Sungai Bingei

Factors Influencing Adaptation of Indonesian Graduate Students in Universiti Putra Malaysia

One of the focuses in implementing the Second Long-term Development Program (1993-2018) in Indonesia is to enhance human resource development. It is directed to obtain high quality human resources through increasing their skills and technology, which in turn can be applied for the need of country development. Efforts have been made through establishing opportunities for education programs both local and overseas. For that purpose, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) is one of the choices especially for higher education. Being far away from home, students from Indonesia may find many challenges in pursuing their study. Hence, they need to adapt well with their new environment in Malaysia. A study was carried out to investigate factors influencing postgraduate students from Indonesia to adapt with academic and socio-culture in UPM Malaysia.Survey methodology research was used for the study and the data were collected through 94 questionnaires distributed to Master and Doctoral Indonesians students from different areas of study in UPM. The data were then analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results indicated that 62.80% of the respondents were males and the rest were females with the average age of 33 years. Most of the students (53.20%) came from Sumatra and the rest from Java. The individual and environment factors strongly influenced them at means of 3.96 and 3.18 with standard of deviations at 0.80 and 0.92, respectively. Social factor was in a lower level at a mean of 3.18 and a standard of deviation at 0.92. It was found that their level of academic adaptation was good with a mean of 3.93 and a standard deviation of 0.68, but that of socio-culture was in medium level with a mean of 3.64 with a standard deviation of 0.75. There was a significant and positive relationship between individual, social and environmental factors with academic and socio-culture adaptation at p <0.05. The coefficient correlation (r) for academic adaptation was 0.36 (middle) for individual, 0.10 (weak) for social, 0.53 (strong) for environment, while for socio-culture adaptation was 0.30 (middle) for individual, 0.20 (weak) for social and 0.40 (middle) for environment.Result of stepwise regression analysis indicates that the effect of environmental factor was very dominant to academic adaptation (36%) and socio-culture (16%). It followed by individual factor that has strong effect to academic adaptation (33%). However, the effect of social factor was not significant to academic adaptation and socio-culture. To obtain a speedy adaptation in academic and socio-culture for Indonesian students as well as the other foreign students, it is suggested the students be well prepared in aspects, such as physical, mental, English fluency, budget and moral support from their family. It is also suggested that the university establishes programs for foreign students to adapt quickly with their new environment, such as orientation program for introducing campus life and Malaysian socio-culture, good services for all students, and safety guaranty for students’ life in campus. It is hoped that these program will have a good impact not only for the students but also for the university

Peran Komite Sekolah dalam Pembiayaan Pendidikan

The aim of this study were: to describe the role of the school committee as a support, controller, giving consideration and a liaison between the school and the community in terms ofeducation financing and describe the school committee policy in the face financing problems faced school. Research conducted qualitative descriptive approach. The subject of this study wereprincipal, head committe and committe treasurer. The result of this study were: (1) School committee as a support support through funding, mind, and school infrastructure; (2) schoolcommittee as a controller of school building and financial; (3) School committee as giving consideration of infrastructure and school funds; (4) relationship with the community and parentscan be established premises either

Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Malaria di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2007)

Malaria di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting, hal ini dapat diketahui dari jumlah daerah endemis malaria yang ditemukan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, ada 4 kabupaten dengan kategori daerah endemis tinggi (High Incidence Area) yaitu Kabupaten. Poso, Bangkep, Buol dan Tojo Una-Una sedangkan daerah lainnya dengan kategori daerah endemis sedang (Medium Incidence Area). Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan hubungan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian malaria di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan kuisioner. Hasil analisis lanjut adanya beberapa faktor resiko yang dapat menyebabkan malaria di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah antara lain umur, jenis kelamin dan pekerjaan

Validitas Gejala Klinis sebagai Indikator untuk Memprediksi Kasus Malaria di Indonesia (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2010)

Salah satu upaya yang cukup efektif dalam surveilans malaria adalah melakukan screening (penapisan) malaria untuk meningkatkan sistem kewaspadaan dini di kelompok masyarakat daerah endemis malaria. Hasil penapisan positif atau meragukan harus dirujuk ke dokter untuk penegakkan diagnosis dan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis validitas gejala klinis sebagai indicator untuk memprediksi kasus malaria di Indonesia dengan menggunakan disain cross-sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua responden yang diwawancarai, dilakukan pemeriksaan darah dengan Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). Validitas gejala klinis diukur dengan melakukan summary statistic untuk diagnostic test. Di wilayah endemis tinggi sensitivitas gejala klinis demam saja sebagai prediktor malaria hanya 26,9% (95% CI: 22-32,2) dan PPV 11,4% (95% CI: 9,2-13,9) dengan spesifisitas 96% (95% CI: 95,6-96,3). Sensitivitas, PPV, dan spesifisitas gejala demam saja di daerah endemis sedang secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 26,1% (95% CI: 17,5-36,3), 5.0% (95% CI: 3,2-7,4), dan 96,9% (95% CI: 96,6-97,2). Di daerah endemis rendah sensitivitas demam sebagai alat diagnosa kasus malaria hanya sebesar 3,5% (95% CIH: 1,6-6,6) dengan PPV 1,1% (95% CI: 0,5-2,1) sedangkan spesifisitas 98% (95% CI: 97,8-98,1). Kombinasi gejala klinis demam, menggigil, sakit kepala, berkeringat, mual, dan muntah dalam analisis data Riskesdas menunjukkan sensitifitas yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan demam saja (36,4%). Sebaliknya PPV kombinasi gejala tersebut lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan PPV demam saja (3,8%). Gejala klinis malaria kurang valid untuk digunakan untuk mendeteksi kasus malaria baik pada daerah endemis tinggi, sedang, maupun rendah. Akan tetapi penggunaannya untuk daerah endemis tinggi masih dimungkinkan, seperti yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO terutama untuk anak-anak.Kata kunci: malaria, gejala klinis, validitas, sensitivitas, spesifisitasAbstractOne of the effective ways in malaria surveillance is screening to improve early warning system in communities in malaria endemic area. Positive screening or doubted results should be referred to physician for diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to analyse the validity of clinical symptoms as an indicator to predict malaria case in Indonesia. Samples of this study were all respondents interviewed by the National Health Research in 2010 whose blood were examined for malaria using RDT. Validity of clinical symptoms was analysed by using summary statistic for diagnostic test. The results showed that the sensitivity of fever alone as a predictor of malaria in high endemic area was only 26.9% (95% CI: 22-32.2). However, the specificity was 96% (95% CI: 95.6-96.3) and positive predictive value (PPV) 11.4% (95% CI: 9.2-13.9). In low endemic area, sensitivity and PPV of fever alone were low with 3.5% (95% CI: 1.6-6.6) and 1.1% (95% CI:0.5-2.1) respectively. On the other hand, the specificity was relatively high with 98% (95% CI: 97.8-98.1). Combination of fever, chill, headache, sweat, nausea, and vomit showed higher sensitivity (36.4%; 95% CI:28.9-40.5) and specificity (84.2%; 95% CI: 83.6-84.8) compare to fever alone in high endemic area, whereas the PPV was lower (3.8%: 95% CI: 3.1-4.6). In low endemic area, symptoms combination had a higher sensitivity (14.7%; 95% CI: 10.6-19.7) compare to fever alone. However, the specificity and PPV were lower with 91.2% (95% CI: 90.9-91.4) and 1% (95% CI: 0.7-1.4) respectively. Conclusion: The validity of clinical signs and symptoms to diagnose malaria is low in high and low transmission area. However, the use of clinical symptoms as a predictor of malaria is still possible in high transmission area as recommended by WHO, particularly for children.Key words: malaria, clinical symptoms, validity, sensitivity, specificit

Minat Beli Konsumen terhadap Suasana Toko dan Lokasi

This study aimed to determine the effect of store atmosphere and location on consumer buying interest at the Rabbani Bandar Agung Lahat outlet. The sampling technique used in this study is incidental sampling. Then the analysis was carried out using the T test, and the F test. The results showed that the regression equation obtained was: Y=3.879 +0.514 X_1 +0.687 X_(2 )+e. Store atmosphere variable with t count &gt; from t table or 2,537 &gt; 1,960, and location variable with t count &gt; from t table or 3,497 &gt; 1,960. The calculated F value is 126,504, so the calculated F value &gt; F table. The conclusion is that there is a significant influence between the store atmosphere variable, the location variable, and both of them together on the consumer buying interest variable.&nbsp; Keywords: Location, Consumer Buying Interest, Store Atmospher

Kontribusi Hewan Mamalia Sapi, Kerbau, Kuda, Babi dan Anjing dalam Penularan Schistosomiasis di Kecamatan Lindu Kabupaten Sigi Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah Tahun 2013

Schistosomiasis merupakan penyakit parasitik jaringan yang terabaikan. Schistosomiasis adalah penyakit parasitik yang bersifat zoonosis, selain menginfeksi manusia juga menginfeksi hewan mamalia lainnya. Ada 13 mamalia yang diketahui dapat terinfeksi oleh schistosomiasis antara lain sapi(Bos sundaicus), kerbau (Bubalus bubalis), kuda (Equus cabalus), anjing (Canis familiaris), babi (Sus sp), musang (Vivera tangalunga), rusa (Carvus timorensis), dan berbagai jenis tikus (Rattus exulans, R. hoffmani, R. chysomomusrallus, R. marmosurus, R norvegicus, R palallae). Di Indonesia schistosomiasis disebabkan oleh cacing Schistosoma japonicum dan hanya ditemukan endemik di Sulawesi Tengah yaitu di dataran tinggi Lindu, Napu dan Bada.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi reservoir dalam penularan schistosomiasis di Kecamatan Lindu, Kabupaten Sigi, Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observational dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan mengobservasi mamalia yang berisiko,dengan pengambilan dan pemeriksaan sampel tinja hewan mamali tersebut. Sejumlah 219 sampel tinja hewan mamalia yang terdiri dari sapi, kerbau, anjing, babi dan kuda diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode sentrifugasi formalin-eter. Dari hasil pemeriksaan tinja yang dilakukan dilaboratorium Parasitologi Balai Litbang P2B2 Donggala sebanyak 54 sampel tinja hewan mamalia (sapi, kerbau, anjing, babi dan kuda) positif terinfeksi S.japonicum.Kata kunci : Schistosomiasis, hewan mamalia, Schistosoma japonicumAbstractSchistosomiasis is one of neglected parasitic diseaseds and also a zoonosic disease, in addition to humans it also infect mammals. There were 13 known mammals that can be infected by schistosomiasis, i.e. cattle (Bos sundaicus), buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), horse (Equus Cabalus), dog (Canis familiaris), pig(Sus sp), civet cat(Vivera tangalunga), deer (Cervus timorensis), and various types of rat (Rattus exulans, R. hoffmani, R. chysomomusrallus, R. marmosurus, R. norvegicus, R. palallae). In Indonesia schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma japonicum and is only found in three endemic areas in the highlands of Central Sulawesi i.e Lindu valley, Napu and Bada, in the province of Central Sulawesi. The intermediate host is a amphibious snail, Ocomelania hupensis lindoensis. This study was aimed to determine the contribution of mammals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in Lindu Valley endemic areas, District Sigi. Method of this study was descriptive observational and cross sectional. Primary data were collected by observing the risk, retrieval and examination of stool samples of mammals. A total of 219 stool samples of cows, buffaloes, dogs, pigs and horses were examined using formalin - ether centrifugation method.Stool examination were conducted in the Parasitology Laboratory, Vector Borne Diseases Research Unit, NIHRD, Donggala. The results shown that a total of 54 stool samples of mammals (cows, buffaloes, dogs, pigs and horses), all were positive with S.japonicum eggs.Keyword : Schistosomiasis, mammals, Schistosoma japonicu