Influence of nozzle arrangement on flow and heat transfer characteristics of arrays of circular impinging jets

The effect of jet arrangements on flow and heat transfer characteristics was experimentally and numerically investigatedfor arrays of impinging jets. The air jets discharge from round orifices and perpendicularly impinge on a surface within arectangular duct. Both the in-line and staggered arrangements, which have an array of 6×4 nozzles, were examined. A jet-toplate distance (H) and jet-to-jet distance (S) were fixed at H=2D and S=3D, respectively (where D is the round orificediameter). The experiments were carried out at jet Reynolds number Re=5,000, 7,500 and 13,400. Temperature distributions onthe impingement surface were measured using a Thermochromic Liquid Crystal sheet, and Nusselt number distributions wereevaluated using an image processing method. The flow characteristics on the impingement surface were visualized using theoil film technique. The numerical simulation employed to gain insight into the fluid flow of jets between the orifice plate andthe impingement wall was via computational fluid dynamics. The results reveal that the effect of crossflow on the impingingjets for the staggered arrangement is stronger than that in the case of in-line arrangement. In the latter case of in-line arrangement, the crossflow could pass throughout the passage between the rows of jets, whereas in the former case the crossflowwas hampered by the downstream jets. The average Nusselt number of the in-line arrangement is higher than that of thestaggered arrangement by approx. 13-20% in this study

A taxonomic study of some red algae commonly growing on the coast of Karachi

Eighteen commonly occurring species of marine benthic red algae, i.e., Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan, Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Agardh, Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne, Calliblepharis fimbriata (Greville) Kiitzing, Coelarthrum muelleri (Sonder) B¢rgesen, Cottoniella filamentosa (Howe) B¢rgesen, Gracilariafoliifera (Forsskai) B¢rgesen, Halymenia porphyraeformis (B¢rgesen) Parkinson, Hypnea muscifor:mis (Wulfen) Lamouroux, Hypnea valentiae (Turner) Montagne, Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) Lamouroux, Me!anothamnus somalensis Bomet et Falkenberg, Porphyra vietnamensis Tanaka et Pham-hoang H6, Sarconema filiforme (Sonder) Kylin, Sebdenia flabellata (J. Agardh) Parkinson, Scinaia fascicularis (B¢rgesen) Huisman, Scinaia hatei B¢rgesen, and Solieria robusta (Greville) Kylin were collected from coastal areas near Karachi (Pakistan) and taxonomically investigated. All the investigated seaweeds are taxonomically known species. During this study, Melanothamnus somalensis is reported for the first time from northern Arabian Sea and Asparagopsis taxiformis, Bangia atropurpurea, Cottoniella filamentosa, Gracilaria foliifera, Halymenia porphyraeformis, Melanothamnus somalensis, Sarconema filiforme, Sebdenia flabellata, Scinaia fascicularis, and Solieria robusta are taxonomically described for the first time from the coast of Pakistan

Real estate investment as a panacea for economic instability in Nigeria: evidence from northeastern states of Nigeria

Real estate investment is an emerging business in many countries of the world. Real estate investment was thoroughly investigated to come up with solution faced by the transaction of land and building. Real estate investment is strictly related to the housing price. It has been pointed out by many researchers that the housing price is affected by many factors, such as interest rate, land supply, government policies and inflation rate. The research highlighted most important aspects of the outcomes. An increase in international real estate capital flows could foster increasing demand for stronger institutions across a global real estate market. The method adopted in this research was quantitative through which 100 questionnaires were developed and distributed within the study area (Bauchi, Gombe, Adamawa and Yobe States). The simple percentage was used to analyzed the data collected. The research is exploratory in nature; hence, a non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for the study. The finding of the research vindicated that real estate investment has a significant role in sharpening the economy of the region, and also the findings revealed that real estate investment opportunity is huge. And again for suggested that housing provision cannot be realized only by private individual excerpts through government intervention. The study concludes that real estate investment, if explore it will create a reliable return to the investment owners, the benefits that can be derived from real estate investment, has been revealed by this study. The study also highlighted that private developers are key important for real estate investment in Nigeria. The conclusion drawn by this research shows that real estate investment has a capacity of transforming economic hardship in the country

Fatty acid composition of three species of Hypnea (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Karachi coast

Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamour., H. pannosa J. Ag. and H. valentiae (Turn.) Mont., collected from the northern Arabian Sea coast of Pakistan, have been investigated for their fatty acid compositions through GC-MS. Palmitic acid was present in largest quantity (55-57%) and oleic was the major (7.6-8.4%) unsaturated fatty acid. Pentacosanoic and hexacosenoic acids are being reported for the first time from any species of Hypnea. The three species differed remarkably due to their habitat ecology

Empirical Analysis of Macroeconomic Determinants on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Pakistan

Foreign Direct Investment is a significant component for escalating economic growth of a country. Meanwhile, several domestic factors are held responsible for influencing the flow of foreign direct investments of a country. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of macroeconomic variables on the inflow of foreign capital in Pakistan. Data for 30 years ranging from 1986 – 2015 has been taken for analysis. The data has been extracted from Statistical Bulletins of State Bank of Pakistan. Descriptive and Inferential Statistical analysis used as to evaluate the data. Ordinary Least Square Estimation Technique is employed to find out the significance of independent variables against the dependent variable. The study concludes that GDP, Inflation, Imports and Exchange Rate significantly influence the Foreign Direct Investment inflows in Pakistan. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Exchange rate, Inflation

TIL-derived MRI-restricted TCRs recognize breast cancer-specific antigen

富山大学博士（医学）Article富山大学・富医薬博甲第430号・UBEDULLAH ABDUL HAYEE ALIAS・2023/09/28 公表論文 Hayee A, Kobayashi E, Motozono C, Hamana H, My HTV, Okada T, Toyooka N, Yamaguchi S, Ozawa T, Kishi H. Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte-Derived Atypical TCRs Recognizing Breast Cancer in an MR1-Dependent Manner. Cells. 2024 Oct 16;13(20):1711. doi: 10.3390/cells13201711. PMID: 39451228; PMCID: PMC11506377.doctoral thesi

Generation of a 640 Gbit/s NRZ OTDM signal using a silicon microring resonator

A 640 Gbit/s NRZ OTDM signal has been successfully generated for the first time by format conversion of a 640 Gbit/s OTDM signal from RZ to NRZ. First, a coherent 640 Gbit/s OTDM RZ signal is generated by wavelength conversion of the original incoherent OTDM signal utilizing Kerr switching in a highly nonlinear fiber. Second, RZ-to-NRZ format conversion is achieved in a specially designed silicon microring resonator with FSR of 1280 GHz, Q value of 638, high extinction ratio and low coupling loss to optical fiber. A 640 Gbit/s NRZ OTDM signal with very clear eye-diagram and narrower bandwidth than both the original incoherent 640 Gbit/s and the wavelength converted coherent 640 Gbit/s RZ OTDM signals has been obtained. Bit error ratio measurements show error free (<10−9) performance at a received power of −30dBm for all the OTDM channels of the 640 Gbit/s NRZ signal, with very low power penalty (<0.5 dB) and improved dispersion tolerance compared to the wavelength converted RZ case

Laminography: artifact reduction scheme for objects with complex geometry

The technique of laminography is used to image different planes of interest in an object. A laminograph is obtained by shifting and aligning several radiographs. For aircrafts the problem of corrosion within two layers of metal is a serious one. The ability of a laminograph to image multiple adjacent focal planes within a three dimensional object makes the technique of laminography ideal for locating corrosion in metal parts. Ideally the features in other focal planes should not be visible in the laminograph of a particular focal plane but in an actual laminograph these undesirable features, known as artifacts, are visible, and they confuse the perception of the viewer. It is desirable to remove these artifacts or at least reduce their effect. For simple objects like a printed circuit board (PCB), the artifacts are in the same focal plane. Therefore locating and removing these artifacts is done after the alignment of the radiographs. All the artifacts can be removed at the same time by making a laminograph of the artifacts and setting the intensity of these artifacts to the average background intensity. For aircraft parts the most undesirable artifacts are the rivet heads that are always visible in the final laminograph. These rivet heads make a cloud-like artifact that conceals the corrosion around the rivet. Due to the complex geometric structure of the aircraft parts, the process of artifact reduction is not as simple as it is for a PCB. Since the rivets do not exist in a single focal plane therefore removing the artifacts due to these rivets has to be done prior to the alignment of radiographs. Removal of artifacts from the final laminograph makes it more informative and a clearer picture of the corrosion can be seen. Once we know the shift required in each radiograph for alignment, this knowledge can be used to calculate the depth of corrosion