The Political Economy of Exchange Rate Policies in Argentina

This paper identifies three periods in Argentine exchange rate policy, corresponding with different development strategies and political coalitions. The first, periodic adjustments to a pegged rate until the mid-1970s, accompanied an Import Substitution Industrialization approach and a redistribution of income from agrarian to industrial production during an era of strong labor union influence. A second period, from the mid-1970s, marked by accelerated devaluations, represented efforts by both military and civilian governments to meet the demands of their respective constituencies while maintaining capital flows from abroad; these efforts culminated in hyperinflation. A third period, beginning in the early 1990s, was notable for exchange rate stability, based on the Convertibility Plan, as a broad consensus emerged that the exchange rate should be used for containing inflation rather than engaging in redistribution among domestic interest groups. The authors conclude that additional innovations in Argentina`s monetary and exchange rate policies may eventually be necessary.

Documentación colonial de América y Filipinas transcrita para el proyecto redes en el marco de la red carta

Este artículo presenta un acercamiento al trabajo llevado a cabo por los distintos miembros de la red CHARTA en lo relativo a las transcripciones realizadas de documentación no europea, americana y filipina. Tras ofrecer los progresos y estado actual del proyecto, se ofrece una breve muestra de las posibilidades que para el estudio del léxico permite el corpus, a través del comentario de una serie de términos propios el archipiélago filipino.This paper explains the work of several members of the CHARTA network in editing archival documents in Spanish from America and Philippines. After a brief summary of the activities within the project, the paper offers some examples of the possibilities of the edited documents from Philippines for the knowledge of the Spanish in this area

Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Temporal Arteritis Treated with Corticosteroids

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111238/1/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00949.x.pd

New records of fishes from Guadalupe Island, northwest Mexico

The icthyofauna from Guadalupe Island, Mexico, has been scarcely studied. This paper presents additions to the systematic checklist of fishes from that oceanic island, and is based on data obtained from museums, field records and international databases. A total of 22 new records are depicted for the locality (19 deep-water species and 3 shallow reef-dwelling fishes), including one addition to the Mexican fauna (Nansenia candida). These reports complement the previous list of 328 species for Guadalupe Island,which now reaches 350 species, distributed in 5 classes, 44 orders and 127 families

Programa de envejecimiento activo en adulto mayor en la ciudad de San Pedro Sula, Honduras.

El envejecimiento de la población es un fenómeno mundial y constituye uno de los principales retos del momento actual al que se enfrentan los países. El aumento de la expectativa de vida de la población, junto con el decrecimiento de la natalidad en países desarrollados, así como en algunos en vías en desarrollo, son responsables del incremento acelerado de la población mayor de 60 años. Por consiguiente, se precisa conocer urgentemente el proceso de envejecimiento humano, que propiciará la adopción de medidas que faciliten a esta población la satisfacción de las condiciones económicas, sanitarias, sociales y espirituales, que garanticen el disfrute de una vejez activa y saludable. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda diseñar las políticas y programas desde el enfoque de envejecimiento activo, que ofrecen la posibilidad de optimizar las oportunidades de salud, participación y seguridad, con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida, tanto de las personas como de las poblaciones que están envejeciendo. En América Latina y el Caribe, el proceso de envejecimiento acelerado impone presiones sin precedentes en el ámbito de los cuidados de largo plazo, donde los cambios en los perfiles demográficos crean exigencias tangibles tanto para las familias como para los sistemas y servicios de salud. Las personas de edad avanzada tienen derecho a una vida digna y activa, enmarcada en la igualdad de oportunidades, la no discriminación y la atención a situaciones de especial vulnerabilidad. Conseguir cubrir todas las necesidades y demandas de esta población en sus aspectos vitales, es el logro que persiguen las sociedades actuales. En vista de ello este programa tiene como objetivo elaborar un plan estratégico para la población adulto mayor (personas de 60 años y más) de la ciudad de San Pedro Sula, Cortés, Honduras, para la promoción de un envejecimiento activo y saludable.Population aging is a global phenomenon, and it constitutes one of the main challenges that countries currently face. The increase in the life expectancy of the population, together with the decrease in birth rates in developed countries, as well as in some developing ones, are responsible for the rapid increase in the population over 60 years of age. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to know the process of human aging, which will promote the adoption of measures that facilitate the satisfaction of economic, health, social and spiritual conditions for this population, to guarantee the enjoyment of an active and healthy old age. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends designing policies and programs from an active aging perspective, which offer the possibility of optimizing health, participation and safety opportunities, in order to improve the quality of life, for both people and aging populations. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the accelerated aging process imposes unprecedented pressures in the field of long-term care, where changes in demographic profiles create tangible demands for both families and health systems and services. The elderly have the right to a dignified and active life, framed in equal opportunities, non-discrimination and attention to situations of special vulnerability. To get to cover all the needs and demands of this population in its vital aspects, is the achievement pursued by current societies. In view of this, this program aims to develop a strategic plan for the elderly population (people 60 years and over) in the city of San Pedro Sula, Cortés, Honduras, to promote active and healthy aging.Máster Universitario en Salud Pública por la Universidad Pública de NavarraOsasun Publikoko Unibertsitate Masterra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa

Oceanographic conditions and diversity of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Gulf of California, México

Species richness is one of the best indicators of biodiversity. However, there are few investigations on concordance of diversity patterns and environmental settings for marine regions. The objectives of this study were to correlate species richness of shallow water (\u3c 200 m deep) sea stars with key oceanographic factors in the Gulf of California, México, and to predict species richness of Asteroidea using multiple regressions. In these analyses the Gulf was divided into nine sections of one degree in latitude (from 23 - 31° N), at each section we recorded: continental shelf area (at 100 and 200 m depth), temperature mean and range at three depth levels (0, 60 and 120 m), thermocline depth, surface nutrient concentrations (nitrates, phosphates and silicates), surface photosynthetic pigment concentration, and integrated productivity. Sea star species richness at each latitudinal section was estimated from literature data, new collections and museum records. Species were assigned to one of the following feeding guilds: predators of small mobile invertebrates (I), detritivores (D), predators of colonial organisms (C), generalist carnivores (G), and planktivores (P). There are 47 shallow water asteroid species in the Gulf of California (16 I, 15 D, eight C, six G, one P and one not assigned). Total species richness and guild species richness showed strong latitudinal attenuation patterns and were higher in the southernmost Gulf, an area characterized by a narrow shelf, high temperature, and low nutrient concentrations. Species diversity for each guild was correlated to a set of oceanographic parameters: temperature, nitrate concentration, and integrated productivity were linked to richness in must cases. We detected that nutrients and surface pigments always presented negative relationships with species richness, indicating that productive environments limit asteroid diversity in the study area. Finally, the postulated regression models to estimate species richness from oceanographic data were significant and highly precise. We conclude that species richness of Asteroidea in the Gulf of California is related to oceanographic conditions and can be estimated from regional oceanographic information

INDICADORES DE DEPRESIÓN Y FACTORES DE APOYO SOCIAL PERCIBIDO EN UNIVERSITARIOS

Abstract: The graduation process in universities involves the realization of social professional attention that implies that the student is exposed to adverse factors, which can affect the mental health and lead to the emergence of depression; one way in which the occurrence of such a disorder can be decreased is through the perception of social support. The objective was to know if perceived social support predicts indicators of depression. A non-experimental, cross-sectional quantitative approach with predictive correlational scope was used. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience, obtaining 421 students from the Public University of Guatemala, with the linear regression analysis method the following equation was obtained: depression indicators = 17,794 (intercept) - 0.292 (perceived social support from third parties) - 0.440 (perceived social support from relatives), obtaining a significant model F (2, 491) = 57.70, p = < .001. It can be concluded that the appearance of indicators of depression is related to the detriment in social support factors; however, the role of social support in depression should continue to be studied, given the new scenarios that have arisen in the face of distance and hybrid modalities.Resumen: El proceso de graduación en las universidades conlleva la realización de un servicio social de atención profesional que implica que el estudiante esté expuesto a factores adversos, pudiendo afectar la salud mental y propiciar la aparición de depresión; una forma en la que se puede disminuir la aparición de tal trastorno es por medio de la percepción del apoyo social. El objetivo fue conocer si el apoyo social percibido predice indicadores de depresión. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, transversal con alcance correlacional predictivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, obteniendo 421 estudiantes de la Universidad Pública de Guatemala, con el método de análisis de regresión lineal se obtuvo la siguiente ecuación: indicadores de depresión = 17.794 (intercepto) - 0.292 (apoyo social percibido de terceros) - 0.440 (apoyo social percibido de familiares), obteniendo un modelo significativo F (2, 491) = 57.70, p = < .001. Se puede concluir que la aparición de indicadores de depresión está relacionada al detrimento en los factores de apoyo social; sin embargo, se debe continuar estudiando el papel del apoyo social en la depresión, ante los nuevos panoramas que se han presentado ante las modalidades a distancia e híbridas