A note on the singular value decomposition of (skew-)involutory and (skew-)coninvolutory matrices

The singular values $\sigma >1$ of an $n \times n$ involutory matrix $A$ appear in pairs $(\sigma, \frac{1}{\sigma}),$ while the singular values $\sigma = 1$ may appear in pairs $(1,1)$ or by themselves. The left and right singular vectors of pairs of singular values are closely connected. This link is used to reformulate the singular value decomposition (SVD) of an involutory matrix as an eigendecomposition. This displays an interesting relation between the singular values of an involutory matrix and its eigenvalues. Similar observations hold for the SVD, the singular values and the coneigenvalues of (skew-)coninvolutory matrices

Germany's Technological Specialization Assures Growth Opportunities

Germany's economic profile gives reason to believe that the country will emerge strengthened from the current economic crisis. Germany boasts the world's highest share of value-added output attributable to (R&D) intensive goods and knowledge intensive services. At the same time, Germany possesses an extremely broad range of economic sectors that rely on R&D intensive goods and knowledge intensive services. German firms have strong competitive advantages in numerous industries, including vehicle manufacturing, chemicals, machine building, measurement and medical technologies, as well as business oriented services. Moreover, in relation to its important trading partners, Germany has a unique production portfolio. Although Germany's dependence on exports and specialization in the production of capital equipment has led to a sharp decline in demand in the current crisis, the country's orientation in R&D intensive technology represents a strong foundation for renewed growth as soon as the global economic climate improves. However, continued business investment in R&D during the recession is necessary if Germany hopes to emerge the crisis on sound footing-even if such investment does not generate revenues over the near term.Industrial specialization, Technological change

Investment in intellectual capital needs to increase by 35 billion euros per year. Bertelsmann Policy Brief #2019/07

In today’s world, not only do businesses invest in machinery and buildings, they also increasingly invest in research and development, software and digital skills. Yet German companies are well behind their international counterparts in terms of investment in socalled intellectual capital. This represents a threat to the overall competitiveness of the German econom

Datenmärkte in der digitalisierten Wirtschaft : Funktionsdefizite und Regelungsbedarf?

Die Autoren untersuchen die Funktionsweise von Datenmärkten. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auch auf Substitute zu einem „Handel mit Daten“ im engeren Sinne gelegt. Die Unterscheidung zwischen personenbezogenen und nicht personenbezogenen Daten ist für die Analyse der Funktionsweise und möglicher Funktionsdefizite von Datenmärkten von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Funktionsweise von Märkten für personenbezogene Daten kann insbesondere durch das Recht auf Datenportabilität (Art. 20 DSGVO) nachhaltig geprägt werden. Dies hängt allerdings von der konkreten Ausgestaltung des Rechts auf Datenportabilität ab. Funktional kann dieses Recht unter anderem als eine Abhilfe für eine durch das Datenschutzrecht bedingte partielle Marktbehinderung verstanden werden. Die Einführung eines - allerdings nur bei Marktmachtlagen zwingenden – Rechts auf Datenportabilität kann auch für nicht personenbezogene Daten sinnvoll sein. Es würde dann auf eine andere Form von Marktversagen reagieren. Im Übrigen sehen die Autoren weder bei personenbezogenen noch bei nicht personenbezogenen Daten einen gesetzgeberischen Handlungsbedarf zur allgemeinen Förderung des Datenhandels

German Industry Succeeds with Research-Intensive Goods

As a country highly specialized in the production of investment goods, Germany has been especially hard hit by the global recession. Because the production profile of German industry is technology-intensive, however, there is reason to believe that Germany will emerge from the present economic crisis with renewed strength. In no other industrialized nation is production as heavily geared to research-intensive goods as it is here. Germany has increased its lead over its most significant rivals not only in motor vehicle manufacturing, but also in machinery, communication equipment, and medical and precision instruments. The success of German companies is based not only on compelling products, but also on the relative efficiency of their production processes compared to other countries.Industrial specialisation, Technological change, Technical efficiency

German R&D-Intensive Industries: Value Added and Productivity Have Recovered Considerably after the Crisis

No large industrialized nation is as strongly specialized in the production of R&D-intensive goods as Germany. In the crisis year 2009 these export-oriented industries had to pass a crucial test. The slump in sales endangered both specialized jobs and the financing of high R&D expenditures, and thus the ability of these industries to compete technologically in the future. The Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation (Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation - EFI), which regularly informs the German government about the status and prospects of Germany's technological performance, requires early indications about the development of R&D-intensive industries. Detailed comparative international data regarding industrial development, such as the EU KLEMS Datenbasis and the OECD STAN data, is only available with a lag of two to three years. This is why the DIW has estimated the value added and the volume of labour input for R&D-intensive industries in Germany, the US, Japan, France and the UK for the period from 2008 to 2010. This extended database is used to analyze the development of production and labour productivity up to the present.Industrial specialization, international trade, manufacturing. - industries

Is technical progress sectorally concentrated? An empirical analysis for Western European countries

Previous research shows that technical progress at the industry level, measured by sectoral TFP growth, is more localized in continental European countries than in Anglo-Saxon countries. We use EU KLEMS data sets to decompose sectoral TFP for nine European countries by means of a Malmquist approach, in order to separate technical change. Applying Harberger diagrams, we describe the sectoral patterns of technical progress. The analysis reveals that in most European countries technological progress is much more evenly distributed across sectors than TFP

German R&D-intensive industries: Value added and productivity have recovered considerably after the crisis

No large industrialized nation is as strongly specialized in the production of R&D-intensive goods as Germany. In the crisis year 2009 these export-oriented industries had to pass a crucial test. The slump in sales endangered both specialized jobs and the financing of high R&D expenditures, and thus the ability of these industries to compete technologically in the future. The Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation (Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation - EFI), which regularly informs the German government about the status and prospects of Germany's technological performance, requires early indications about the development of R&D-intensive industries. Detailed comparative international data regarding industrial development, such as the EU KLEMS Datenbasis and the OECD STAN data, is only available with a lag of two to three years. This is why the DIW has estimated the value added and the volume of labour input for R&D-intensive industries in Germany, the US, Japan, France and the UK for the period from 2008 to 2010. This extended database is used to analyze the development of production and labour productivity up to the present

The Framing of Games and the Psychology of Strategic Choice

Psychological game theory can provide a rational choice explanation of framing effects; frames influence beliefs, and beliefs influence motivations. We explain this point theoretically, and explore its empirical relevance experimentally. In a 2×2-factorial framing design of one-shot public good experiments we show that frames affect subject’s first- and second-order beliefs, and contributions. From a psychological game-theoretic framework we derive two mutually compatible hypotheses about guilt aversion and reciprocity under which contributions are related to second- and first-order beliefs, respectively. Our results are consistent with either.Framing; psychological games; guilt aversion; reciprocity; public good games; voluntary cooperation

Fortschreibung internationaler Wirtschaftsstrukturdaten für FuE-intensive Industrien

Für die Berichterstattung zur technologischen Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands liefert das DIW Berlin regelmäßig Beiträge, in denen die internationale Wettbewerbsposition der deutschen forschungsintensiven Industrie anhand verschiedener Kennzahlen bewertet wird. Da die Entwicklung der Wertschöpfung und der Produktivität sowie die Entwicklung von Spezialisierungsvor- oder -nachteilen langfristigen Trends unterliegt, sind Aktualitätsrückstände dieser Indikatoren von ein oder zwei Jahren in Zeiten konjunktureller Aufschwünge wenig problematisch. Die starken Verwerfungen in Folge der Wirtschaftskrise 2008/2009 machen es jedoch notwendig Schätzungen zur strukturellen Entwicklung am aktuellen Rand vorzunehmen. Die von uns vorgelegten Ergebnisse sind auf Basis eines mehrstufigen Verfahrens für die Schätzungen der Produktion, der Wertschöpfung und des Arbeitsvolumens ermittelt worden. Dabei wurden ARIMAX-Modelle verschiedener Ordnungen und naive Modelle verwendet. Die Prognosegüte der ausgewählten Schätzmethoden ist in der Regel gut. Es zeigt sich zudem, dass die naiven Modelle in den allermeisten Fällen ähnlich gute Prognosen ermöglichen wie die ARIMAXModelle