On the phase-space structure of the Milky Way dark-matter halo

We analyse a high resolution simulation of the formation of a cluster's dark-matter halo in a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology (Springel et al. 2001). The resolution achieved allows us to map the phase-space structure in detail, and characterize its evolution and degree of lumpiness. Scaling down the cluster halo to a Milky-Way size halo, we probe the substructure expected in the solar neighbourhood. Here we specifically address the relevance of such substructure for direct detection experiments aimed at determining the nature of dark-matter.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, uses dunk2001_asp.sty, to appear in "The Dynamics, Structure and History of Galaxies: A Workshop in Honour of Prof. Ken Freeman", (eds) G. S. Da Costa & E. M. Sadler, ASP Conf Serie

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Pembunuhan Sebagai Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia

This article aims at analysing the treatment of crime victim in the criminal justice system and efforts should be made to provide legal protection for the victims of crime. It argues that the treatment of crime victims by law enforcement officers do not fully provide legal protection to the victims. Meanwhile the contruction of justice views that the perpetrators and victims want a more process oriented on the real justice by promoting reconciliantion with the provision of compensation in any form and any source. Islamic criminal law, on the other hands, recognizes a kind of punishment called as blood money (diyat) for victims of murder and torture which has been apologized by the victim or family of victim. Diyat is amount of money or properties that should be paid by the perpetrator due to the death or bodily injuries suffered by the victim. Diyat punishment, therefore, do justice to both the perpetrator and victim (or his/her family) because it promotes reconciliation between the parties

Konsep Keadilan Dalam Filsafat Hukum Dan Filsafat Hukum Islam

This paper compares the concept of justice in the viewpoint of legal philosophy and the philosophy of Islamic law. Justice in Islamic law comes from the Creator, Allah Swt., which is infinite justice and therefore must be believed not to apply the law unless justice to His servants. The concept of Justice will continue to evolve in line with social development. Fairness in life becomes an important requirement for humans so that everyone can strike a balance between demanding their rights and carrying out their obligations in an effort to reach the truth. Thus, the truth and the obligations must be in harmony and balance in life. Law is just a collection of words when the law does not materialize justice. When a law does not recognize justice, it is meaningless. Law formulation, therefore, is the process of harmonizing legal certainty and proportionality

The low mass end of the neutral gas mass and velocity width functions of galaxies in Λ\LambdaCDM

We use the high-resolution Aquarius cosmological dark matter simulations coupled to the semi-analytic model by Starkenburg et al. (2013) to study the HI content and velocity width properties of field galaxies at the low mass end in the context of $\Lambda$CDM. We compare our predictions to the observed ALFALFA survey HI mass and velocity width functions, and find very good agreement without fine-tuning, when considering central galaxies. Furthermore, the properties of the dark matter halos hosting galaxies, characterised by their peak velocity and circular velocity at 2 radial disk scalelengths overlap perfectly with the inferred values from observations. This suggests that our galaxies are placed in the right dark matter halos, and consequently at face value, we do not find any discrepancy with the predictions from the $\Lambda$CDM model. Our analysis indicates that previous tensions, apparent when using abundance matching models, arise because this technique cannot be straightforwardly applied for objects with masses $M_{vir} < 10^{10} M_{\odot}$.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 9 pages, 8 figure

Ketergantungan Masyarakat terhadap Kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat Pasca Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Konservasi Terpadu

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis dampak dari pelaksanaan program Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) pada kawasan Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (TNKS). Program ICDP dalam pengelolaan TNKS telah dimulai sejak tahun 1998 dan berakhir pada tahun 2002. Pertanyaan utama yang diajukan adalah apakah pelaksanaan program ICDP dapat mengurangi ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap sumberdaya di dalam kawasan TNKS dan sejauh mana pengaruh program ICDP serta faktor faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi lainnya terhadap pendapatan masyarakat, baik pendapatan dari sumberdaya di dalam kawasan TNKS maupun pendapatan dari luar kawasan TNKS sebagai alternatif pola pengembangan kedepan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Napal Licin dan Desa Pulau Kidak, Kecamatan Ulu Rawas, Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan yang termasuk desa-desa penyangga TNKS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program ICDP tidak dapat menurunkan ketergantungan masyarakat terhadap kawasan TNKS, terutama terhadap lahan perladangan. Pelaksanaan program ICDP belum mampu menurunkan pendapatan masyarakat dari dalam kawasan TNKS, disamping itu juga belum mampu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dari luar kawasan TNKS. Dalam rangka melaksanakan kegiatan konservasi TNKS, maka kegiatan perladangan di dalam kawasan TNKS harus dihentikan. Sebagai kompensasinya disarankan untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan zona pemanfaatan khusus TNKS secara legal sebagai alternatif mata pencaharian masyarakat yang tidak mengakibatkan kerusakan kawasan TNKS tetapi memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Pola penanaman karet secara tradisional (non intensif) pada zona pemanfaatan khusus merupakan pilihan yang lebih baik dalam rangka pelestarian kawasan TNKS dan sekaligus meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat lokal

Kinematic groups across the MW disc: insights from models and from the RAVE catalogue

With the advent of the Gaia data, the unprecedented kinematic census of great part of the Milky Way disc will allow us to characterise the local kinematic groups and new groups in different disc neighbourhoods. First, we show here that the models predict a stellar kinematic response to the spiral arms and bar strongly dependent on disc position. For example, we find that the kinematic groups induced by the spiral arm models change significantly if one moves only ~ 0.6 kpc in galactocentric radius, but ~ 2 kpc in azimuth. There are more and stronger groups as one approaches the spiral arms. Depending on the spiral pattern speed, the kinematic imprints are more intense in nearby vicinities or far from the Sun. Secondly, we present a preliminary study of the kinematic groups observed by RAVE. This sample will allow us, for the first time, to study the dependence on Galactic position of the (thin and thick) disc moving groups. In the solar neighbourhood, we find the same kinematics groups as detected in previous surveys, but now with better statistics and over a larger spatial volume around the Sun. This indicates that these structures are indeed large scale kinematic features.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "Assembling the Puzzle of the Milky Way", Le Grand Bornand (April 17-22, 2011), C. Reyle, A. Robin, M. Schultheis (eds.

Constraining the Milky Way potential using the dynamical kinematic substructures

We present a method to constrain the potential of the non-axisymmetric components of the Galaxy using the kinematics of stars in the solar neighborhood. The basic premise is that dynamical substructures in phase-space (i.e. due to the bar and/or spiral arms) are associated with families of periodic or irregular orbits, which may be easily identified in orbital frequency space. We use the "observed" positions and velocities of stars as initial conditions for orbital integrations in a variety of gravitational potentials. We then compute their characteristic frequencies, and study the structure present in the frequency maps. We find that the distribution of dynamical substructures in velocity- and frequency-space is best preserved when the integrations are performed in the "true" gravitational potential.Comment: 2 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "Assembling the Puzzle of the Milky Way", Le Grand Bornand (Apr. 17-22, 2011

The mass content of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy

We present a new determination of the mass content of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy, based on a novel approach which takes into account the two distinct stellar populations present in this galaxy. This method helps to partially break the well-known mass-anisotropy degeneracy present in the modelling of pressure-supported stellar systems.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 254 "The Galaxy disk in a cosmological context", Copenhagen, June 200

Ketiadaan Daluwarsa Penuntutan Dalam Hukum Pidana Islam Dan Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia

A statute of limitation is the passage of specified number of years that become the reason for abolishing of criminal penalties against someone who has committed a criminal act. Basically, all the perpetrators of criminal acts should be prosecuted in a criminal court to face trial, but there are things which abolish criminal prosecution such as the statute of limitation. In order to reform the criminal law, it must necessarily be carried out by reconstructing underlying ideas of such reformation, that is the materialization of justice. One of the ways to do so is by including the concept of absence of the statute of limitation as adopted by the concept of Islamic criminal law. This paper argues that the statute of limitation enshrined in the Criminal Code gives more emphasis on the rule of law, while the absence of the statute of limitation in the Islamic Criminal Law give more emphasis on the fairness and certainty. Achieving justice is not limited by time; whereas certainty is limited by the availability of valid evidence. To that end, the introduction of the concept of absence of statute of limitation into positive law is necessary to ensure that justice which is the main purpose of law enforcement. In addition, the introduction of this Islamic criminal law concept is also a strategic move to make Islamic law a part of the positive law in Indonesia