Understanding child and adolescent cyberbullying

Global development of digital technologies has provided considerable connectivity benefits. However, connectivity of this scale has presented a seemingly unmanageable number of potential risks to psychological harm especially experienced by children and adolescents; one such risk is cyberbullying. This chapter will initially address the origins of bullying, leading into an overview of cyberbullying. A review of the unique characteristics of online communication will shed light on the ongoing debate concerning cyberbullying being potentially more than an extension of traditional bullying. Current research findings encompassing prevalence, types of behavior, consequences, and the roles within cyberbullying activity will be discussed to guide future interventions to reduce the risk of vulnerability for children and adolescents. In parallel, this chapter also considers the relative and perhaps distorted risk perception that young people have of becoming a cybervictim. Finally, this chapter acknowledges current understanding to support future digital and social evolvement.N/

Factors leading to cyber victimization

The proliferation of digital technologies in the past years has seen the adaptation of lifestyles merge between the online and offline domain. The introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has provided numerous beneficial opportunities for individuals, groups and wider organizations. However, the digital world can also lead to online risks and vulnerabilities. This chapter will first discuss definitions of cyber victimization across perspectives of cyber aggression, cyberbullying and cybercrime. The chapter will then go on to consider key features of cyber victimization across these three perspectives. In particular, an overview will be provided on the roles of efficiency of ICTs, the unique facet of anonymity in the digital world, bystanders of cyber victimization and a brief consideration of the bully–victim cycle. This will provide a unique insight into key features of cyber victimization, to provide recommendations for strategies to reduce risks of vulnerability. Finally, key factors leading to cyber victimization across cyber aggression, cyberbullying and cybercrimes will be explored. Specifically, individual demographics, time spent online and wider group influences across the school, home and family structure. A review of contemporary issues surrounding cyber victimization and current security measures are recommended in order to aid vulnerable groups and organizations, contributing to a safer online environment. This chapter offers a current and unique insight into the factors leading to cyber victimization which will provide an important contribution to help guide future researchers, organizations and policymakers addressing this global concern.N/