Determinants of Growth, Adiposity and Bone Mass in Early Life

Abstract Environmental influences during fetal life and early infancy have been suggested to influence body composition throughout the life-course. Especially poor fetal nutrition and fetal growth restriction have been designated important risk factors for gaining high fat mass or low bone mass during later life. As body composition tends to track from childhood into adulthood, the fight against widespread overweight and osteoporosis should focus on prevention from early life onwards. This thesis aimed to assess the impact of maternal diet, more specific fish and milk consumption during pregnancy on fetal growth; define the strongest early maternal, paternal, fetal and infant risk factors of preschool overweight, study the influence of maternal smoking on childhood body composition and explore the associations of maternal diet as well as fetal and infant growth patterns with childhood bone mass. To address these aims the studies included in this thesis were conducted within the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onwards. The findings of this thesis indicate maternal fish consumption is not associated with fetal growth characteristics. Maternal sh

Tracking and data acquisition system for the 1990's. Volume 8: TDAS frequency planning

Current planning calls for the TDAS to support new user and crosslink services, in addition to TDRSS-compatible services. TDRSS-compatible services would operate in current S-band and K-band channels used by TDRSS. New services, however, can take advantage of technology advances at microwave and optical frequencies. For augmented space-to-space services, 60 GHz and GaAs laser systems offer technical advantages, relative freedom from RFI, and a benign regulatory environment (i.e., minimal congestion and, in the case of 60 GHz, maximum regulatory support for TDAS-type services). For TDAS Earth-to-space and space-to-Earth services, the 30/20 GHz band offers the best mix of technical and regulatory advantages. But use of these bands would have to be coordinated with the U.S. military

Chemical Equilibration in Pb+Pb Collisions at the SPS

An improved statistical model with excluded volume corrections, isospin degrees of freedom and resonance decays is introduced and applied to the complete presently available set of particle ratios as measured by the various experiments at the SPS in Pb+Pb collisions. The results imply that a high degree of hadrochemical equilibration is reached at chemical freeze-out in Pb+Pb collisions

Methods of Measuring Stress Relaxation in Composite Tape Springs

Composite tape springs present an opportunity to use stored energy for the deployment of space structures. Concern has risen over the dissipation of strain energy during storage due to viscoelasticity inherent in polymeric materials commonly used as the composite matrix. Tests to measure the internal behavior of a composite tape spring over time are conducted along with methods of analyzing and fitting the resulting data. The three constant strain configurations tested were compression force of the cross section, a restraining force of a longitudinal fold, and the change in shape of a folded section. While the shape changing test did not appear to be sensitive enough, the stress tests proved useful for measuring relaxation

Fetal and childhood growth patterns associated with bone mass in school-age children: The generation R study

Low birth weight is associated with lower bone accrual in children and peak bone mass in adults. We assessed how different patterns of longitudinal fetal and early childhood growth influence bone properties at school age. In 5431 children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study, we measured fetal growth by ultrasound at 20 and 30 weeks gestation, and childhood growth at birth, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of age. We analy

Individual and Organizational Coping Resources of Counselors who Survived Vicarious Trauma: A Multiple Case Study

Vicarious trauma poses a risk factor for clinicians. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study is to examine the individual and organizational resources used by counselors who have self-reported vicarious trauma and have continue practicing their profession effectively. Two theories that comprised the framework of this study were: the social cognitive theory and the constructivist self-development theory. The sample consisted of 10 counselors who self-reported vicarious trauma. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations, and then were analyzed using thematic analysis. NVivo software was utilized to come up with distinct similarities in each of the participants. These similarities were then further analyzed to reveal concrete coping strategies that helping professionals can utilize to prevent the effects of vicarious trauma. The top coping skills were discovered to be as follows: effective transition time, spiritual practices, psychological preparedness, wellness, and self-control. Furthermore, organizational skills were also examined to see the effects the organization had on vicarious trauma. The leading organizational coping skills that were acknowledged were: co-workers and supervisor involvement, self-care evenings, weekly wellness meetings, and consultation groups. This study will provide positive social change implications by enabling present and future mental health professionals to gain insight into the coping strategies used to manage vicarious trauma successfully