Une étude exploratoire. Interaction entre les dyades mère-nourrisson et père-nourrisson chez les couples à faible revenu

Vingt-neuf parents à faible revenu et leurs nourrissons ont participé à une recherche exploratoire portant sur les interactions parent-nourrisson et décrivant le niveau d'interactions, les similarités et les différences au sein des dyades mère-nourrisson et père-nourrisson. L'échelle de mesure Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, un instrument d'observation standardisé de 73 items, a été utilisée pour mesurer les interactions. Les résultats ont montré que bien que la majorité (69%) des dyades parent-nourrisson n'ont pas démontré de comportements interactifs à risque, près de 31% de l'échantillon étaient désorganisés dans leurs interactions. De plus, les résultats ont démontré que bien que les deux parents étaient sensibles et répondaient aux signaux de leurs nourrissons, les mères étaient plus aptes que les pères à répondre à la détresse de leurs nourrissons alors que les nourrissons étaient plus clairs et répondaient mieux aux pères qu'aux mères. Avec cette information, les cliniciens et les chercheurs peuvent mieux comprendre les interactions au sein du contexte familial et renforcer les programmes d'intervention visant à maintenir et à améliorer les interactions parent-nourrisson.Interaction between low-income mother-infant and father-infant pairs: an exploratory study Twenty-nine low-income parents and their infants participated in an explanatory study about parent-infant interaction — describing the level of interaction and the similarities and differences in mother-infant and father infant pairs. The Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, a 73-item standardized observation instrument, was used to measure interaction. Results showed that although the majority (69%) of parent-infant dyads did not demonstrate risky interactive behaviors, nearly 31% of the sample was disorganized in their interactions. Further, results showed that while both mothers and fathers were sensitive and responsive to their infants' cues, mothers were more apt to respond to their infants' distress than fathers, and infants were clearer and more responsive with their fathers than with their mothers. With this information clinicians and researchers can better understand interactions within a family context and strengthen intervention programs aimed at maintaining and improving parent-infant interactions.Una investigación exploratoria. Interacción entre los pares madre-niño lactante y padre-niño lactante en las parejas a ingreso modesto Veinte-nueve padres con ingreso modesto y sus niños lactantes participaron en una investigación exploratoria sobre las interacciones padre-niño lactante y el nivel de interacciones, las similitudes y las diferencias en el seno de las dyadas madre-niño lactante y padre-niño lactante. Para medir las interacciones se utilizó un instrumento de observación standardizado de 73 elementos, la escala de medida Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale. Los resultados indican que aunque la mayoridad (69%) de las dyadas padre-niño lactante no demuestran comportamientos interactivos con riesgo, cerca de 31% de la muestra estaban desorganisados en sus interacciones. Además, los resultados demuestraron que aunque los dos padres eran sensibles y respondian a los señales de sus niños lactantes, las madres estaban más aptas que los padres a responder al desemparo de sus niños cuando los niños estaban más tranquilos y respondian mejor a los padres que a las madres. Con esta información, los clínicos y los investigadores pueden comprender mejor las interacciones en el seno del contexto familial y reforzar programas de intervención aspirando mantener y mejorar las interacciones padre-niño lactante

Asymptotics and local constancy of characters of p-adic groups

In this paper we study quantitative aspects of trace characters $\Theta_\pi$ of reductive $p$-adic groups when the representation $\pi$ varies. Our approach is based on the local constancy of characters and we survey some other related results. We formulate a conjecture on the behavior of $\Theta_\pi$ relative to the formal degree of $\pi$, which we are able to prove in the case where $\pi$ is a tame supercuspidal. The proof builds on J.-K.~Yu's construction and the structure of Moy-Prasad subgroups.Comment: Proceedings of Simons symposium on the trace formul

Drying of the Qaidam basin and its controlling factors deduced from core SG-1

Abstract HKT-ISTP 2013 B

Metabolic reprogramming of human CD8+ memory T cells through loss of SIRT1.

The expansion of CD8+CD28- T cells, a population of terminally differentiated memory T cells, is one of the most consistent immunological changes in humans during aging. CD8+CD28- T cells are highly cytotoxic, and their frequency is linked to many age-related diseases. As they do not accumulate in mice, many of the molecular mechanisms regulating their fate and function remain unclear. In this paper, we find that human CD8+CD28- T cells, under resting conditions, have an enhanced capacity to use glycolysis, a function linked to decreased expression of the NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1. Global gene expression profiling identified the transcription factor FoxO1 as a SIRT1 target involved in transcriptional reprogramming of CD8+CD28- T cells. FoxO1 is proteasomally degraded in SIRT1-deficient CD8+CD28- T cells, and inhibiting its activity in resting CD8+CD28+ T cells enhanced glycolytic capacity and granzyme B production as in CD8+CD28- T cells. These data identify the evolutionarily conserved SIRT1-FoxO1 axis as a regulator of resting CD8+ memory T cell metabolism and activity in humans

Addressing Health Needs of Burlington Probation and Parole Clients

Introduction. Higher rates of recidivism have been observed in offenders with specific health risks. Criminal justice literature identifies probation/parole as an ideal time to im-plement health interventions to reduce recidivism, but significant barriers existhttps://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1093/thumbnail.jp

An exploratory study: Focusing on advocacy services for low-income older adults in Oregon

Financially vulnerable older adults, especially those at or below the federal poverty line, face issues of food insecurity, problems finding adequate but affordable housing, the costs and accessibility of caregivers and medical care, and more. These realities have repercussions on health and quality of life for lower income older adults. Existing programs are in place to provide services but are these services addressing critical needs for this population? This qualitative study investigated the current challenges to addressing basic needs and areas where advocacy work could be applied for older adults with limited economic resources. Interviews were completed with 5 professionals. Results suggest the seriousness of basic needs in the lives of older adults and significant barriers to services that are being addressed by service providers

Global effect of RpoS on gene expression in pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL933

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>RpoS is a conserved stress regulator that plays a critical role in survival under stress conditions in <it>Escherichia coli </it>and other γ-proteobacteria. RpoS is also involved in virulence of many pathogens including <it>Salmonella </it>and <it>Vibrio </it>species. Though well characterized in non-pathogenic <it>E. coli </it>K12 strains, the effect of RpoS on transcriptome expression has not been examined in pathogenic isolates. <it>E</it>. <it>coli </it>O157:H7 is a serious human enteropathogen, possessing a genome 20% larger than that of <it>E. coli </it>K12, and many of the additional genes are required for virulence. The genomic difference may result in substantial changes in RpoS-regulated gene expression. To test this, we compared the transcriptional profile of wild type and <it>rpoS </it>mutants of the <it>E. coli </it>O157:H7 EDL933 type strain.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>rpoS </it>mutation had a pronounced effect on gene expression in stationary phase, and more than 1,000 genes were differentially expressed (twofold, P < 0.05). By contrast, we found 11 genes expressed differently in exponential phase. Western blot analysis revealed that, as expected, RpoS level was low in exponential phase and substantially increased in stationary phase. The defect in <it>rpoS </it>resulted in impaired expression of genes responsible for stress response (e.g., <it>gadA</it>, <it>katE </it>and <it>osmY</it>), arginine degradation (<it>astCADBE</it>), putrescine degradation (<it>puuABCD</it>), fatty acid oxidation (<it>fadBA </it>and <it>fadE</it>), and virulence (<it>ler</it>, <it>espI </it>and <it>cesF</it>). For EDL933-specific genes on O-islands, we found 50 genes expressed higher in wild type EDL933 and 49 genes expressed higher in the <it>rpoS </it>mutants. The protein levels of Tir and EspA, two LEE-encoded virulence factors, were elevated in the <it>rpoS </it>mutants under LEE induction conditions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results show that RpoS has a profound effect on global gene expression in the pathogenic strain O157:H7 EDL933, and the identified RpoS regulon, including many EDL933-specific genes, differs substantially from that of laboratory K12 strains.</p

Kinematic Effects in Radiative Quarkonia Decays

Non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) predicts colour octet contributions to be significant not only in many production processes of heavy quarkonia but also in their radiative decays. We investigate the photon energy distributions in these processes in the endpoint region. There the velocity expansion of NRQCD breaks down which requires a resummation of an infinite class of colour octet operators to so-called shape functions. We model these non-perturbative functions by the emission of a soft gluon cluster in the initial state. We found that the spectrum in the endpoint region is poorly understood if the values for the colour octet matrix elements are taken as large as indicated from NRQCD scaling rules. Therefore the endpoint region should not be taken into account for a fit of the strong coupling constant at the scale of the heavy quark mass.Comment: LaTeX, 17 pages, 5 figures. The complete paper is also available via the www at http://www-ttp.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de/Preprints

Major flaws in conflict prevention policies towards Africa : the conceptual deficits of international actors’ approaches and how to overcome them

Current thinking on African conflicts suffers from misinterpretations oversimplification, lack of focus, lack of conceptual clarity, state-centrism and lack of vision). The paper analyses a variety of the dominant explanations of major international actors and donors, showing how these frequently do not distinguish with sufficient clarity between the ‘root causes’ of a conflict, its aggravating factors and its triggers. Specifically, a correct assessment of conflict prolonging (or sustaining) factors is of vital importance in Africa’s lingering confrontations. Broader approaches (e.g. “structural stability”) offer a better analytical framework than familiar one-dimensional explanations. Moreover, for explaining and dealing with violent conflicts a shift of attention from the nation-state towards the local and sub-regional level is needed.Aktuelle Analysen afrikanischer Gewaltkonflikte sind häufig voller Fehlinterpretationen (Mangel an Differenzierung, Genauigkeit und konzeptioneller Klarheit, Staatszentriertheit, fehlende mittelfristige Zielvorstellungen). Breitere Ansätze (z. B. das Modell der Strukturellen Stabilität) könnten die Grundlage für bessere Analyseraster und Politiken sein als eindimensionale Erklärungen. häufig differenzieren Erklärungsansätze nicht mit ausreichender Klarheit zwischen Ursachen, verschärfenden und auslösenden Faktoren. Insbesondere die richtige Einordnung konfliktverlängernder Faktoren ist in den jahrzehntelangen gewaltsamen Auseinandersetzungen in Afrika von zentraler Bedeutung. Das Diskussionspapier stellt die große Variationsbreite dominanter Erklärungsmuster der wichtigsten internationalen Geber und Akteure gegenüber und fordert einen Perspektivenwechsel zum Einbezug der lokalen und der subregionalen Ebene für die Erklärung und Bearbeitung gewaltsamer Konflikte