Formation of bcc non-equilibrium La, Gd and Dy alloys and the magnetic structure of Mg-stabilized [beta] Gd and [beta] Dy

The high temperature bcc allotrope of a rare earth metal has the potential for substantially different magnetic properties than the room temperature hexagonal (hcp or dhcp) counterpart because of its more symmetrical crystal field. The stabilization by alloying and quenching of this bcc phase was studied for La-M alloys where M is a non-rare earth metal from Group II or III. The factors influencing the stabilization, such as size of M and quench rate, are discussed. [gamma]La (bcc) could be retained over a composition range around the eutectoid composition by Mg or Cd alloying. A comparison of T[subscript] o curves of the various alloy systems suggest that the eutectoid temperature of the La-M system must be approximately equal to or less than a critical T[subscript] o temperature of 515°C if the bcc phase is to be retained by quenching. The thermal stability of [beta]Gd (bcc) was investigated by DTA and isothermal annealing. It was found to transform to an intermediate phase before reverting to the equilibrium phases in contrast to [gamma]La alloys which decompose directly on heating to the equilibrium phases;Bcc [beta]Gd and [beta]Dy stabilized by Mg additions exhibit spin glass-like behavior. Both systems show field cooling effects in the magnetic susceptibility which is indicative of spin freezing reactions. The [beta]Gd alloys order ferromagnetically (\u3c80 K) first on cooling before undergoing a Gabay-Toulouse type disordering transition (\u3c50 K) into a mixed ferromagnetic plus spin glass phase. Low field ac susceptibility measurements show both the Curie and spin freezing transitions. Low temperature heat capacity (down to 1.5 K) shows evidence of both ferromagnetic and spin glass excitations. A magnetic phase diagram predicts a pure spin glass phase for Gd concentrations up to 66 at.% Gd. The [beta]Dy alloys exhibit a cusp in the ac susceptibility characteristic of spin glass behavior. Field cooled magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest a close competition between antiferromagnetic and spin glass behavior. Retention of the susceptibility maximum to 1.4 T is evidence that the ordered magnetic state may be a mixture of antiferromagnetic and spin glass phases. A large linear heat capacity term which is probably due to both the electronic specific heat, [gamma], and a spin glass contribution plus the presence of a large T[superscript]2 and T[superscript]3 terms support the mixed state hypothesis

Effect of Natural Polymorphisms in the HIV-1 CRF02_AG Protease on Protease Inhibitor Hypersusceptibility

Hypersusceptibility (HS) to inhibition by different antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) among diverse HIV-infected individuals may be a misnomer because clinical response to treatment is evaluated in relation to subtype B infections while drug susceptibility of the infecting virus, regardless of subtype, is compared to a subtype B HIV-1 laboratory strain (NL4-3 or IIIB). Mounting evidence suggests that HS to different ARVs may result in better treatment outcome just as drug resistance leads to treatment failure. We have identified key amino acid polymorphisms in the protease coding region of a non-B HIV-1 subtype linked to protease inhibitor HS, namely, 17E and 64M in CRF02_AG. These HS-linked polymorphisms were introduced in the BD6-15 CRF02_AG molecular clone and tested for inhibition using a panel of protease inhibitors. in general, suspected HS-linked polymorphisms did increase susceptibility to specific protease inhibitors such as amprenavir and atazanavir, but the combination of the 17E/64M polymorphisms showed greater HS. These two mutations were found at low frequencies but linked in a sequence database of over 700 protease sequences of CRF02_AG. in direct head-to-head virus competitions, CRF02_AG harboring the 17E/64M polymorphisms also had higher replicative fitness than did the 17E or the 64M polymorphism in the CFR02_AG clone. These findings suggest that subtype-specific, linked polymorphisms can result in hypersusceptibility to ARVs. Considering the potential benefit of HS to treatment outcome, screening for potential HS-linked polymorphisms as well as preexisting drug resistance mutations in treatment-naive patients may guide the choice of ARVs for the best treatment outcome.Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USAUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Lab Virol Humana, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Egas Moniz, Lisbon, PortugalUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Lab Retrovirol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Rostock, Rostock, GermanyInst Nacl Canc, Programa Genet, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Lab Retrovirol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Not Everyone is Welcome in the Blue Light District

The pandemic has fundamentally altered the way people do their jobs; and this is especially true for sex workers. While some women have seen exponential increases in their income during the coronavirus crisis, thanks to online sex work platforms like OnlyFans, others have faced insurmountable odds in their fight to earn a living wage and stay alive. Not Everyone is Welcome in the Blue Light District tells the story of why sex workers in Latin America don\u27t have access to new innovations in sex work, and what this disparity looks like transnationally

Loneliness and Alcohol-Related Problems among College Students Who Report Binge Drinking Behavior: The Moderating Role of Food and Alcohol Disturbance

Loneliness and alcohol misuse are common among college students and pose a threat to public health. To better understand the longitudinal association between these public health concerns we examined food and alcohol disturbance (FAD; i.e., restricting one\u27s caloric intake prior to drinking) as a moderator in the association between loneliness and alcohol-related problems. Participants were 456 college students from a mid-sized university who engaged in past 30-day binge drinking. The majority of participants identified as being White (67.1%), female (78.1%), and reported a mean age of 19.61 (SD = 1.54) years. Participants completed two surveys (3 weeks apart) over the course of an academic semester. Analyses revealed a significant interaction between loneliness and FAD, such that loneliness (T1) significantly and positively predicted alcohol-related problems (T2), but only among individuals who engaged in relatively higher levels of FAD (T1). FAD may be an appropriate target for interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related problems among college students experiencing loneliness

Food and Alcohol Disturbance, Alcohol Use, and Negative Consequences among College Students Engaging in Binge Drinking: A Longitudinal Examination of Between- and Within-Person Effects

Data and code for manuscrip

Formation of bcc non-equilibrium La, Gd and Dy alloys and the magnetic structure of Mg-stabilized [beta] Gd and [beta] Dy

The high temperature bcc allotrope of a rare earth metal has the potential for substantially different magnetic properties than the room temperature hexagonal (hcp or dhcp) counterpart because of its more symmetrical crystal field. The stabilization by alloying and quenching of this bcc phase was studied for La-M alloys where M is a non-rare earth metal from Group II or III. The factors influencing the stabilization, such as size of M and quench rate, are discussed. [gamma]La (bcc) could be retained over a composition range around the eutectoid composition by Mg or Cd alloying. A comparison of T[subscript] o curves of the various alloy systems suggest that the eutectoid temperature of the La-M system must be approximately equal to or less than a critical T[subscript] o temperature of 515°C if the bcc phase is to be retained by quenching. The thermal stability of [beta]Gd (bcc) was investigated by DTA and isothermal annealing. It was found to transform to an intermediate phase before reverting to the equilibrium phases in contrast to [gamma]La alloys which decompose directly on heating to the equilibrium phases;Bcc [beta]Gd and [beta]Dy stabilized by Mg additions exhibit spin glass-like behavior. Both systems show field cooling effects in the magnetic susceptibility which is indicative of spin freezing reactions. The [beta]Gd alloys order ferromagnetically (<80 K) first on cooling before undergoing a Gabay-Toulouse type disordering transition (<50 K) into a mixed ferromagnetic plus spin glass phase. Low field ac susceptibility measurements show both the Curie and spin freezing transitions. Low temperature heat capacity (down to 1.5 K) shows evidence of both ferromagnetic and spin glass excitations. A magnetic phase diagram predicts a pure spin glass phase for Gd concentrations up to 66 at.% Gd. The [beta]Dy alloys exhibit a cusp in the ac susceptibility characteristic of spin glass behavior. Field cooled magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest a close competition between antiferromagnetic and spin glass behavior. Retention of the susceptibility maximum to 1.4 T is evidence that the ordered magnetic state may be a mixture of antiferromagnetic and spin glass phases. A large linear heat capacity term which is probably due to both the electronic specific heat, [gamma], and a spin glass contribution plus the presence of a large T[superscript]2 and T[superscript]3 terms support the mixed state hypothesis.</p