Autocuidado e apoio social em mulheres do Núcleo Mama Porto Alegre

Breast cancer is one the most prevalent types of cancer among women. Many causes are known, ranging from the biological to the psychosocial. In Rio Grande do Sul, especially in Porto Alegre, occurrence rates and fatalities due to breast cancer are some of the highest in the country. In 2004, in an attempt to remedy this situation, a service dedicated to keeping the breast healthy was created: the Núcleo Mama Porto Alegre (NMPOA) project. It registered 9218 women for a follow-up program that involved mammographic screening for ten years, seeking early diagnosis as well as increasing awareness of the need for annual mammographies. The geographic area chosen for this service was a southern region of the city of Porto Alegre in which the greatest social vulnerability and poorest health services were observed. As part of this project, work was undertaken to act on the risk factors for breast cancer through interventions in the psychosocial field. The psychology department contributes to the project by pluralizing the understanding of the disease, adding to the already consolidated biomedical knowledgebase by viewing the disease not only as an individual's experience, but as a collective phenomenon permeated by social agents. From this context emerge the objectives of this study: identifying the preventative, self-care measures taken by these women and analyzing the configurations of their support networks. This project uses a mixed research approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. The first stage is a quantitative study utilizing techniques for the evaluation of self-care capacity and for analyzing social support by way of the "Evaluation of Perceived Social and Community Support" questionnaire. One hundred and nine women participating in the NMPOA, divided into two groups, answered this questionnaire: a group of 37 who had breast cancer and a group of 72 who underwent annual mammographies but had never been diagnosed with the disease. After this quantitative stage, the second stage - composed of narrative, biographical interviews - was started. The women who presented the most extreme self-care and support network scores were invited to participate in this stage, extreme meaning the lowest and highest levels of self-care and support networks in the quantitative stage. The data collected in the study indicates that women who had breast cancer practiced better self-care (t=1. 791; p=0. 027). Thus, reinforced by the qualitative data, it can be stated that breast cancer diagnosis plays a key role in seeding self-care, in spite of the obvious health risks and fragile support networks. As for social support, the groups do not differ, presenting approximately the same thresholds in the average social support classification level for the majority of the evaluated variables. In the qualitative study, however, the social support received by women who had breast cancer came mainly from family and less from formal institutions and communal efforts.O câncer de mama ocupa um importante espaço nas Políticas de Saúde devido a sua alta prevalência entre as mulheres. Sabe-se de múltiplos fatores, indo do campo biológico ao psicossocial. No Rio Grande do Sul e, especialmente em Porto Alegre, as taxas de incidência e mortalidade por câncer de mama estão entre as maiores do país. Diante desse cenário, em 2004 foi criado um serviço de atenção à saúde da mama - Projeto Núcleo Mama Porto Alegre (NMPOA), que cadastrou 9218 mulheres para acompanhamento em formato de rastreamento mamográfico por dez anos e, dessa forma, buscar um diagnóstico precoce, além de aumentar a conscientização sobre necessidade da mamografia anual. A área geográfica escolhida para construção deste serviço foi a região sul da cidade de Porto Alegre, na qual era observada maior vulnerabilidade social e menor cobertura de serviços de saúde. Insere-se nesse projeto, um trabalho de atuação sobre os fatores de risco da doença com intervenções no campo psicossocial. O serviço de psicologia, no tocante ao último item citado, contribui no sentido de pluralizar a compreensão acerca da doença agregando para além do já consolidado saber biomédico – o entendimento da doença não apenas como uma experiência individual, mas também como um fenômeno de inserção coletiva. Após apresentação deste contexto, emergem como objetivos de pesquisa: identificar as práticas preventivas de autocuidado dessas mulheres; e analisar as configurações da rede de apoio que as circundam. Dessa forma, o projeto utiliza de delineamento misto de pesquisa, contemplando as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa.A primeira etapa corresponde a um estudo quantitativo e utiliza instrumentos para avaliar a capacidade de autocuidado e para analisar o apoio social por meio de um questionário de Avaliação do Apoio Social Percebido e Comunitário. Responderam a esses instrumentos 109 mulheres participantes do NMPOA, dentre elas, um grupo de 37 mulheres que tiveram câncer de mama e 72 mulheres que fazem mamografia anual e que nunca tiveram diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Após essa etapa quantitativa, iniciou-se a segunda parte do estudo, composta por entrevistas biográficas de caráter narrativo. Foram convidadas a participar dessa segunda etapa as mulheres que apresentaram escores extremos de autocuidado e apoio social, ou seja, as entrevistadas que tiveram os maiores e os menores níveis de autocuidado e apoio social na etapa quantitativa. O conjunto de informações dos estudos ressalta que as mulheres que tiveram câncer de mama apresentam melhores práticas de autocuidado do que as mulheres do rastreamento (t=1,791; p=0,027). Assim, reforçado pelos dados qualitativos, pode-se identificar que o diagnóstico do câncer de mama em suas vidas exerceu um papel chave no despertar para práticas de autocuidado apesar dos óbvios riscos para a saúde e das vivências de apoio fragilizado. Quanto ao apoio social, os grupos não se diferem, apresentando pontos de corte aproximados com classificação de nível médio de apoio social na maioria dos itens avaliados. No estudo qualitativo, no entanto, o apoio social das mulheres que tiveram câncer de mama é provindo principalmente da família e em menor medida das instituições formais e das estratégias comunitárias

Méthodologie pour prédire l'influence des paramètres procédés et matériaux lors de la réponse à l'impact de structures composites = Methodology to predict process and materials parameters on the impact response of composites structures

Même si les performances des matériaux composites donnent de nouvelles perspectives pour la conception aéronautique et spatiale, la variabilité de leur comportement, liée à la présence de micro-défauts initiaux ou provoqués en service constitue néanmoins un frein important à leur développement. En s'intéressant plus particulièrement à la réponse de ces matériaux sous sollicitations de fatigue ou face au vieillissement, leur comportement est modifié par de nombreuses sources d'incertitude, notamment sur la nature des mécanismes physiques de dégradation, qui sont amplifiés par une forte dispersion durant leur cycle de vie. Dans l'industrie aéronautique, le phénomène d'impact n'est encore que peu connu concernant les matériaux et les structures composites. Le but de ce travail est de développer un modèle capable de prédire l'évolution, en termes de propagation d'un défaut présent dans une structure, en vieillissement mécanique, thermique, temporel, .... Nous devons déterminer quels paramètres sont prédominants lors du phénomène d'impact et comment ils agissent sur la structure. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuierons sur des travaux existants [1-5]. Ceux-ci déterminent un nombre important de paramètres (séquence d'empilement, vitesse ou énergie d'impact, forme de l'impacteur, angle d'incidence de l'impact, propriétés mécaniques de la résine, ...) et leur effet. Nous nous intéresserons aussi à l'influence du procédé de fabrication dans le comportement à l'impact. En s'appuyant sur un plan d'expériences, nous choisirons les paramètres les plus prépondérants ou les interactions les plus significatives. Il en résultera un nombre réduit de paramètres à prendre en compte lors de l'impact

Decays of bosonic and fermionic modes on a domain wall

The decays of excited bosonic and excited fermionic modes in the external field of the domain wall are studied. The wave functions of the excited fermionic modes are found analytically in the external field approximation. Some properties of the fermionic modes are investigated. The reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated for fermion scattering from the domain wall. Properties of the reflection and transmission coefficients are studied. The decays of the first excited fermionic mode are investigated to the first order in the Yukawa coupling constant. The amplitudes, angular distributions, and widths of these decays are found by analytical and numerical methods. Decays of the excited bosonic mode are also investigated to the first order in the Yukawa and self-interaction coupling constants. The amplitudes, angular distributions, and widths of these decays are obtained analytically and by numerical methods

Circle Time Health Curriculum Designed for Pre-Schoolers

Introduction. Over 20% of low-income, Head Start eligible children are not up to date on regular healthcare exams. While many barriers exist in ensuring universal access and compliance with standard healthcare visits for young children, we sought to educate children about physician’s practices in order to engage and integrate their involvement and understanding of their well-being.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1197/thumbnail.jp

Silicon Photomultiplier Research and Development Studies for the Large Size Telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the the next generation facility of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes; two sites will cover both hemispheres. CTA will reach unprecedented sensitivity, energy and angular resolution in very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. Each CTA array will include four Large Size Telescopes (LSTs), designed to cover the low-energy range of the CTA sensitivity ($\sim$20 GeV to 200 GeV). In the baseline LST design, the focal-plane camera will be instrumented with 265 photodetector clusters; each will include seven photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), with an entrance window of 1.5 inches in diameter. The PMT design is based on mature and reliable technology. Recently, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are emerging as a competitor. Currently, SiPMs have advantages (e.g. lower operating voltage and tolerance to high illumination levels) and disadvantages (e.g. higher capacitance and cross talk rates), but this technology is still young and rapidly evolving. SiPM technology has a strong potential to become superior to the PMT one in terms of photon detection efficiency and price per square mm of detector area. While the advantage of SiPMs has been proven for high-density, small size cameras, it is yet to be demonstrated for large area cameras such as the one of the LST. We are working to develop a SiPM-based module for the LST camera, in view of a possible camera upgrade. We will describe the solutions we are exploring in order to balance a competitive performance with a minimal impact on the overall LST camera design.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. In Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2015), The Hague, The Netherlands. All CTA contributions at arXiv:1508.0589