Internationalization within networks: Exploring the relationship between inward and outward FDI in China’s auto components industry

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10490-015-9422-3We explore how the outward FDI strategies of Chinese auto component MNCs are shaped by sub-contracting supply relationships established with developed market MNCs. We argue the strong presence of foreign MNC business networks developed through prior inward FDI constitutes an important home country effect influencing the outward FDI strategies of emerging market MNCs. Using the updated internationalization process model, we show how commitment to business networks is a critical mechanism driving the internationalization trajectories of Chinese auto component MNCs. This includes geographic location choices to psychically distant developed markets, strategic asset seeking orientation, pace of internationalisation and entry mode decisions

Beyond happiness: Building a science of discrete positive emotions.

While trait positive emotionality and state positive-valence affect have long been the subject of intense study, the importance of differentiating among several "discrete" positive emotions has only recently begun to receive serious attention. In this article, we synthesize existing literature on positive emotion differentiation, proposing that the positive emotions are best described as branches of a "family tree" emerging from a common ancestor mediating adaptive management of fitness-critical resources (e.g., food). Examples are presented of research indicating the importance of differentiating several positive emotion constructs. We then offer a new theoretical framework, built upon a foundation of phylogenetic, neuroscience, and behavioral evidence, that accounts for core features as well as mechanisms for differentiation. We propose several directions for future research suggested by this framework and develop implications for the application of positive emotion research to translational issues in clinical psychology and the science of behavior change. (PsycINFO Database Recor

No Talking, Just Writing! Efficacy of an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Exposure and Response Prevention in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Background: Many patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not receive first-line treatment according to the current guidelines (cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention, CBT with ERP) due to barriers to treatment. Internet-based therapy is designed to overcome these barriers. The present study evaluates the efficacy of an Internet-based writing therapy with therapeutic interaction based on the concept of CBT with ERP for patients with OCD. Methods: Thirty-four volunteers with OCD according to DSM-IV-criteria were included in the trial and randomized according to a waiting-list control design with follow-up measures at 8 weeks and 6 months. The intervention consisted of 14 sessions, either starting directly after randomization or with an 8-week delay. Main outcome measure was the change in the severity of OCD symptoms (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Self- Rating, Y-BOCS SR, and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, OCI-R). Results: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significantly improved in the treatment group compared to the waiting-list control group with large effect sizes of Cohen's d = 0.82 (Y-BOCS SR) and d = 0.87 (OCI-R), using an intention-to-treat analysis. This effect remained stable at 6-month follow-up. Only 4 participants (12%) dropped out prematurely from the study. Of the 30 completers, 90% rated their condition as improved and would recommend the program to their friends. Conclusions: Internet-based writing therapy led to a significant improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Even though replications with larger sample sizes are needed, the results support the notion that Internet-based approaches have the potential for improving the treatment situation for patients with OCD

Selektion der Soja und deren Symbiosepartner auf Kühletoleranz und Effizienz der biologischen Stickstoff-Fixierung

In Central Europe low temperature is limiting soybean growth and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The BNF efficiency was shown to increase with bradyrhizobia strains selected for their cold tolerance. Significant bradyrhizobia x soybean variety interactions were reported. Co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) may promote bradyrhizobia and improve plant phosphorus uptake. The aim of this study is to identify (i) bradyrhizobia showing improved nodulation under cool conditions, (ii) bradyrhizobia x soybean variety and (iii) bradyrhizobia x AMF interactions. In 2011 twelve bradyrhizobia inoculants were tested with three soybean (Glycine max [L.]) varieties under three temperature regimes (14/10°C, 16/12°C, 22/20 °C) in a pot trial. In 2012 the five most promising bradyrhizobia were inoculated on twenty soybean varieties and an additional trial testing co-inoculated bradyrhizobia and AMF strains was conducted. A significant bradyrhizobia x temperature interaction was found for the number of nodules per plant and the SPAD values (indirect chlorophyll measurement; p ≤ 0,001). Significant bradyrhizobia x variety interactions were observed (p ≤ 0,01). The present results show that the selection of cold tolerant inoculants is as important as adapted soybean varieties. The efficiency of single bradyrhizobia x soybean variety combinations depends on the temperature regime

The development of emotion recognition from facial expressions and non-linguistic vocalizations during childhood

Sensitivity to facial and vocal emotion is fundamental to children's social competence. Previous research has focused on children's facial emotion recognition, and few studies have investigated non-linguistic vocal emotion processing in childhood. We compared facial and vocal emotion recognition and processing biases in 4- to 11-year-olds and adults. Eighty-eight 4- to 11-year-olds and 21 adults participated. Participants viewed/listened to faces and voices (angry, happy, and sad) at three intensity levels (50%, 75%, and 100%). Non-linguistic tones were used. For each modality, participants completed an emotion identification task. Accuracy and bias for each emotion and modality were compared across 4- to 5-, 6- to 9- and 10- to 11-year-olds and adults. The results showed that children's emotion recognition improved with age; preschoolers were less accurate than other groups. Facial emotion recognition reached adult levels by 11 years, whereas vocal emotion recognition continued to develop in late childhood. Response bias decreased with age. For both modalities, sadness recognition was delayed across development relative to anger and happiness. The results demonstrate that developmental trajectories of emotion processing differ as a function of emotion type and stimulus modality. In addition, vocal emotion processing showed a more protracted developmental trajectory, compared to facial emotion processing. The results have important implications for programmes aiming to improve children's socio-emotional competence

Heartbreak Wall

pp. 138-14

Student Scholarship in Institutional Repositories

INTRODUCTION Research on institutional repositories (IR) has primarily focused on issues related to faculty scholarship. Thus far, little has been written on issues related to student scholarship. This lack is problematic for planners developing or extending their IR content who may be considering adding student scholarship. METHODS A 23-question survey of library professionals was conducted to explore size of institution, existence of an IR, IR software packages utilized, individuals involved in system management, levels of support for inclusion of student work in IRs, types of student work included, and workflow submission policies. RESULTS The findings present an environmental scan of the current state of student scholarship within IRs. Findings suggest that most libraries, regardless of size, are archiving a variety of student-generated content including honors projects, capstone papers, conference papers, multi-media projects, and student research papers. The survey results also indicate that libraries are spearheading the administration of IRs, but other campus departments may also be involved. Both undergraduate and graduate students were equally represented in IRs. Practical procedures for uploading student scholarship were also addressed in the survey and include submission processes, faculty involvement, and workflow logistics. DISCUSSION The inclusion of student scholarship in IRs is becoming the norm. Student-created content is expanding from the traditional, ETDs, to more varied materials including capstone projects, peer-reviewed articles, and multi-media projects. This situation underscores that IR administrators need to be prepared to create policies and procedures for diverse materials and students, especially related to embargoes and the actual submission process. To continue to ensure the quality of their IR, administrators should look to faculty to endorse student content. CONCLUSION IR administrators should consider including student scholarship along with faculty scholarship in their repositories

Obsolete

I searched and searched and could not find any. It was seldom I needed birthday candles. Truth be told, it had probably been a decade since I last used them. I scavenged in a drawer-the one containing bread ties and postage stamps-for used candles. Stubs would do for the purpose of lighting and then extinguishing. But, in a fit of organizing, I must have cleaned them out. I had no idea they would become hard to replace

Determining the best computational method for simulation

Two related problems are treated in the discussion. First, what is the best computational means to be used to simulate a given system? Second, if hybrid is chosen, how do we assign the problem to the different computers to realize the fullest advantage of the hybrid simulation? Most of the available information in the literature is presented in light of the above questions. It is found that, despite the lack of a precise theoretical solution, much insight can be gained into the problem. A proposed procedure for hybrid assignment and a sample problem using this procedure completes the discussion --Abstract, page ii

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder – A qualitative study on patients’ experiences

BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the first-line treatment for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, not all of them achieve remission on a longterm basis. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) represents a new 8-week group therapy program whose effectiveness has been demonstrated in various mental disorders, but has not yet been applied to patients with OCD. The present pilot study aimed to qualitatively assess the subjective experiences of patients with OCD who participated in MBCT. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 patients suffering from OCD directly after 8 sessions of a weekly MBCT group program. Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Participants valued the treatment as helpful in dealing with their OCD and OCD-related problems. Two thirds of the patients reported a decline in OCD symptoms. Benefits included an increased ability to let unpleasant emotions surface and to live more consciously in the present. However, participants also discussed several problems. CONCLUSION: The data provide preliminary evidence that patients with OCD find aspects of the current MBCT protocol acceptable and beneficial. The authors suggest to further explore MBCT as a complementary treatment strategy for OCD