Mudanças e permanências no intervencionismo estatal para o setor agropecuário brasileiro

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as políticas públicas e seus rebatimentos no setor agropecuário brasileiro. As noções de permanência e de mudança contribuem para analisar as políticas publicas e a forma de intervenção do Estado brasileiro. Nossa reflexão inicia-se na década de 1930, perpassando pelos anos de 1960 e 1970, com o processo de modernização da agricultura, pela crise econômica da década de 1980 e o esgotamento do padrão de financiamento via crédito rural subsidiado, até as décadas de 1990 e 2000, quando se reconhece, tanto nos meios acadêmicos como governamentais, a importância da agricultura com base familiar. Todavia, no que tange ao atual cenário da política agrícola, o privilégio em relação à agricultura empresarial persiste, e acentua a clivagem entre os segmentos que compõem o rural brasileiro

A AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO ÂMBITO DO PODER LOCAL: A ATUAÇÃO DO PRONAF INFRA-ESTRUTURA E SERVIÇOS MUNICIPAIS

The family agriculture was constituted, in elapsing of the years 1990, in an of the main axes of the discussions on the Brazilian agrarian subject. In the institutional ambit, the creation of the National Program of Invigoration of the Family Agriculture represented the official recognition, in terms of national agricultural politics, of the economic and social importance of that category of producers in the rural way. From among the lines of action of the program, stands out, under the perspective of the local development, PRONAF Infra-estrutura and Municipal Services. In that action line, the financed municipal infrastructure works should assist to the demands of the family producers, represented by means of the rural associations in the Municipal Council of Rural Development. In that way, it was verified that in the municipal districts of Alfredo Marcondes and Álvares Machado, located in Geographical Microrregião of Presidente Prudente, the introduce of that program contributed to dynamic the actions of the associations of existent rural producers in these places, reinforcing its political importance close to as instance of the family farmers’ representation the other spheres of the local power.A agricultura familiar constituiu-se, no decorrer dos anos 1990, num dos principais eixos norteadores das discussões sobre a questão agrária brasileira. No âmbito institucional, a criação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar representou o reconhecimento oficial, em termos de política agrícola nacional, da importância econômica e social dessa categoria de produtores no meio rural. Dentre as linhas de ação do programa, destaca-se, sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento local, o PRONAF Infra-Estrutura e Serviços Municipais. Nessa linha de ação, o financiamento das obras de infra-estrutura e de serviços de apoio visa atender às demandas dos produtores familiares representados, por meio das associações rurais, nos Conselhos Municipais de Desenvolvimento Rural. Dessa forma, constatou-se que nos municípios de Alfredo Marcondes e Álvares Machado, localizados na Microrregião Geográfica dePresidente Prudente, a implementação desse programa contribuiu para dinamizar as ações das associações de produtores rurais existentes nestas  ocalidades, reforçandosua importância política como instância de representação dos agricultores familiaresjunto às demais esferas do poder local

O desenvolvimento da pluriatividade e das atividades não agrícolas: estratégias de reprodução social das famílias nos Bairros Rurais do Poste e Caxambú no município de Jundiaí -SP / The development of pluriactivity and non-agricultural activities: strategies of social reproduction of the families in the Rural Districts of Poste and Caxambú in the municipality of Jundiaí -SP

O desenvolvimento da pluriatividade e da obtenção de rendas não agrícolas pelas famílias rurais tem se constituído num importante tema de discussão devido às recentes transformações verificadas no espaço rural e nas relações estabelecidas entre campo e cidade. Nesse contexto, considerando a relevância das atividades agrícolas e não-agrícolas realizadas pelos membros da família, selecionamos como recorte territorial da pesquisa os bairros rurais do Poste e Caxambú no município de Jundiaí. Constatou-se que as famílias adotaram diferentes estratégias de reprodução social e econômicas, não apenas focadas em atividades agrícolas, mas também, relacionadas à atividades de lazer e de agroindustrialização (sobretudo com a produção de vinho) como uma forma de aquisição de renda complementar. A busca de rendas fora da agricultura e a combinação de diferentes tipos de rendas e atividades (agrícolas e não-agrícolas) reforçam o caráter múltiplo e plural dessas famílias

Mudança de concepção das políticas públicas para o campo brasileiro: o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, PAA

In the 90, the public politics for the Brazilian rural way incorporated the territorial perspective, besides they motivate the participation and the beneficiaries collective organization. In 2003 the Food Acquisition Program (FAP) was created with the intention of guaranteeing the feeding of people in social vulnerability situation or alimentary insecurity and of providing work and income in the field through the direct buying of the agriculturists foods. In a research made in two São Paulo State's towns: Tupi Paulista and Dracena, it was verified that the price paid to the farmers is higher to the regional average and because of this fact the participants have interest in enlarging the cultivated area and/or in diversifying the cultivations. Though, two problems were detected: 1) the reduced number of beneficiated producers; and, ii) the furtherance of the producers relatives already registered that try to increase their quota of products and the value to be received

Mudança de concepção das políticas públicas para o campo brasileiro: o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, PAA

In the 90, the public politics for the Brazilian rural way incorporated the territorial perspective, besides they motivate the participation and the beneficiaries collective organization. In 2003 the Food Acquisition Program (FAP) was created with the intention of guaranteeing the feeding of people in social vulnerability situation or alimentary insecurity and of providing work and income in the field through the direct buying of the agriculturists foods. In a research made in two São Paulo State's towns: Tupi Paulista and Dracena, it was verified that the price paid to the farmers is higher to the regional average and because of this fact the participants have interest in enlarging the cultivated area and/or in diversifying the cultivations. Though, two problems were detected: 1) the reduced number of beneficiated producers; and, ii) the furtherance of the producers relatives already registered that try to increase their quota of products and the value to be received

PRODUCTIVE RESTRUCTURING AND ITS EFFECTS ON FRUIT PRODUCTION IN THE BAIXO-ACU IRRIGATED PERIMETER (RN)

The productive restructuring process, carried out since 1980s and 1990s, had has a profound effect on a global scalefor both the countries of central capitalism and those of peripheral capitalism, such as Brazil. In Brazil's case, it has had the strongest impact in the Southeast Region, where the industry was more central, butgiven the fact that the economy is integrated, it also affected other regions of the country. The Northeast, which has been a center for state intervention since the late 1950s, through regional planning and tax incentives, has begun to receive, in a selective, service-based and spatially concentrated way, investments from large national and transnational enterprises to meet the demands of domestic and foreign markets. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, this productive restructuring process was more intense in various economic sectors. In agriculture, irrigated cultivation of tropical fruits in the semiarid regiongained importance, forming the so-called Assu/MossoroIntegrated Development Hub, aimed at the supply the domestic and international markets. In order to grasp the changes triggered by the restructuring process with irrigated fruit production in Rio Grande do Norte and, in particular, in the semiarid region of the state, the Baixo-Acu Irrigated Perimeter was taken as empirical reference for this study. To achieve this goal, in addition to a bibliographic and documentary review, we conducted a survey of secondary data and field research with exploratory visits and interviews with the agents responsible for the Perimeter and irrigation producers.Dept Geog Unesp, Grad & Posgrad, Campus Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, BrazilDept Geog Unesp, Grad & Posgrad, Campus Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazi

Perspectivas da agricultura sustentável no Brasil

The process of technological incorporation happened in the agriculture along the history and, more precisely, the diffusion of the Green Revolution package after Second World War produced several socio-environmental implications. With the aggravation of those problems in world scale and, above all countries as Brazil, there was the incorporation, still limited, of environmental concerns related to the agriculture. That change fomented the discussion and leaded it to the formulation of analysis perspectives and to the formulation of antagonistic and conflicting intervention amongst themselves, reflecting different interests and opinions about the models of the countries development and their own sustainability. It was tried to identify two of these perspectives in Brazil: the one that still conceives the scientific-technological development as the only road capable to solve the derived problems of the shortage of foods and the exhaustion of the natural resources; and those that are opposed to this perspective. They propose more maintainable forms, which could be joined under the Alternative Agriculture denomination. It was also tried to discuss the challenges and the perspectives that come in terms of viability terms to discuss and of expansion of the maintainable production systems in environmental and social terms in the agriculture of small scale in Brazil, to example of the organic production

Change of the public politics conception for Brazilian fiel: the food acquisition program, PAA

Nos anos 1990, as políticas públicas para o meio rural brasileiro incorporaram a perspectiva territorial, além de incentivarem a participação e a organização coletiva dos beneficiários. Em 2003 foi criado o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) com o intuito de garantir a alimentação de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social ou insegurança alimentar e de gerar trabalho e renda no campo por meio da compra direta de alimentos dos agricultores. Em pesquisa realizada nos municípios de Tupi Paulista e Dracena (SP), se constatou que o preço pago aos agricultores é superior à média regional e que em virtude desse fato os participantes têm interesse em ampliar a área cultivada e/ou diversificar os cultivos. Todavia, dois problemas foram detectados: i) o número reduzido de produtores beneficiados; e, ii) o favorecimento de parentes dos produtores já cadastrados e que tentam aumentar sua cota de produtos e o valor a ser recebido.In the 90, the public politics for the Brazilian rural way incorporated the territorial perspective, besides they motivate the participation and the beneficiaries collective organization. In 2003 the Food Acquisition Program (FAP) was created with the intention of guaranteeing the feeding of people in social vulnerability situation or alimentary insecurity and of providing work and income in the field through the direct buying of the agriculturists foods. In a research made in two São Paulo State’s towns: Tupi Paulista and Dracena, it was verified that the price paid to the farmers is higher to the regional average and because of this fact the participants have interest in enlarging the cultivated area and/or in diversifying the cultivations. Though, two problems were detected: i) the reduced number of beneficiated producers; and, ii) the furtherance of the producers relatives already registered that try to increase their quota of products and the value to be received

Change of the public politics conception for Brazilian fiel: the food acquisition program, PAA

In the 90, the public politics for the Brazilian rural way incorporated the territorial perspective, besides they motivate the participation and the beneficiaries collective organization. In 2003 the Food Acquisition Program (FAP) was created with the intention of guaranteeing the feeding of people in social vulnerability situation or alimentary insecurity and of providing work and income in the field through the direct buying of the agriculturists foods. In a research made in two São Paulo State's towns: Tupi Paulista and Dracena, it was verified that the price paid to the farmers is higher to the regional average and because of this fact the participants have interest in enlarging the cultivated area and/or in diversifying the cultivations. Though, two problems were detected: 1) the reduced number of beneficiated producers; and, ii) the furtherance of the producers relatives already registered that try to increase their quota of products and the value to be received.Univ Estadual Paulista, FCT, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, FCT, São Paulo, Brazi