Mining away women’s rights: resource curse, gender equality and the colonial institutional heritage of Sub-Saharan African nations

This thesis conducts a literature review on the effects of resource dependence in Sub-Saharan African nations on gender equality, finding generally reduced outcomes in the presence of resource dependence. Transmission channels are discussed, primarily finding institutions to be a pivotal factor in gender equality, exasperated by conflicts of interest in the presence of resources. This hypothesis is tested by exploiting early settler mortality data as a measure for long-run institutional quality. Findings suggest settler mortality accounts for much of the variation in gender equality in Sub-Saharan Africa, regardless of resources. This would imply that gender inequality is a deeply rooted historical institutional shortcoming and that continued exploitation of resources in less-developed nations must consider institutional and social effects more strongly

Postoperative Outcomes after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Elderly Patients

Background: Age is a critical factor influencing the death and morbidities afterward cholecystectomy. It was revealed that laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the elderly has similar security and effectiveness to those in young people. The gold-standard in the management of cholelithiasis is LC. Objectives: This work was aimed to assess post-operative outcomes of LC between elderly cases and for comparing the post-operative outcome of LC among ages groups >60yrs and <60yrs. Patients and Methods: This prospective study conducted among 68 cases who experienced LC at Damanhur Medical National Institute Hospital. Cases were allocated into 2 groups according to ages: elderly (≥60yrs, n= 38) and young (<60 yrs, n= 35). Results: 68 cases divided into two groups. The mean age is 68.4± 5.7 and 49.1± 10.5 among elderly and younger groups. There is significant difference between groups regarding age and comorbidities. The mean operative time was 62.8± 21.2 and 59.5± 18.7 among elderly and young groups. There is no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding intraoperative data. There is nonsignificant change regarding postoperative outcomes after LC. Conclusion: It could be concluded that laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly cases is similar with young cases. Consequently, LC is secure even in the elderly

Surgical Management and Outcome of Patients with Thyroid Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Globally, healthcare authorities have reacted by restricting medical care to emergency cases and postponing elective surgical procedures of all types. Elective surgeries have been almost totally postponed keeping to a minimum the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and to allow a better allocation of resources. Since thyroid surgery usually does not cover immediate surgical interventions, during this pandemic nearly all the patients who require thyroid surgery care are experiencing delays in the operation planning procedure. Objective: The aim of the work was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on thyroid surgery.Subjects and methods: We conducted prospective study from August 2020 to February 2021 among all patients who attended to Damanhur Medical National Institute Hospital. Total sample size was 60 patients and patients with positive COVID-19 were enrolled in group 1 (cases) and those who were negative COVID-19 were enrolled in group 2 (controls). Results: A total of 60 patients were seen during the study period. Males were 35 (58.3%) while females were 25 (41.7%). The mean age 39.5± 9.5 years. There is no statistically significant difference between patients with COVID-19 and patients without COVID-19 regarding developing complications from thyroid surgeries.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a complicated set of issues for patients with endocrine-related cancers. Most thyroid cancers are indolent and so postponement of surgery in the era of COVID-19. There is no significant association between COVID-19 and complications of surgery

Fetal ductus venosus Doppler as a predictor of pregnancy outcome

Background: The ductus venosus (DV) transports oxygenated blood to the developing heart and brain by avoiding the hepatic circulation. Due to the anatomical location of the DV, measurement of DV blood flow velocity waveforms indirectly disclose the cardiac functions and health of the foetus, which represents the pressure gradient between the umbilical vein and right atrium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of ductus venosus pulstality index of veins in early pregnancy in prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: 50 pregnant women with a single viable foetus between 13 and 24 weeks participated in this prospective cross-sectional study from 2021 to 2022 at Tanta University Hospital. Results: PI in normal group ranged from 0.80-1.20 with mean value 0.90±0.130 and in abnormal group ranged from 0.46-0.50 with mean value 0.522±0.069. S/a ration in normal group ranged from 1.74-3.18 with mean value 2.30±0.40 and in abnormal group ranged from 1.50-2.05 with mean value 1.833±0.212. There was statistically significant difference between outcomes of pregnancy with ultrasound findings (p<0.05). Conclusions: Numerous foetal disorders that might result in cardiovascular deterioration and other aberrant outcomes in newborns can be managed clinically and predicted perinatally using the DV Doppler examination

IMPACT OF ROOTING PROMOTER (PHOS ROOT-X) WITH OR WITHOUT USING IBA ON ROOTING OF TERMINAL AND MIDDLE CUTTINGS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)

This study was carried out in the Ornamental Plants Farm, Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.  Two individual experiments were done.  The first experiment aimed to study the effect of Phos root-x as newly rooting promoter at different rates (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm3/l) on rooting of the terminal cuttings of rosemary plants. This study was carried out on 20th of July during the two seasons of 2019 and 2020.  The experiment consisted of 7 treatments with 3 replicates, every replicate contained 3 cuttings per treatment. Data collected refer to that the 2.5 cm3/l of the newly rooting promotors were the best. Chemical analysis of terminal cutting refers to a decreasing in C/N ratio of terminal cuttings with increasing of Phos root-x concentrations. The second experiment was done on 25th of October in the same seasons, 2019 and 2020 for both terminal and middle cuttings and treated with Phos root-x complex with or without IBA, the treatments were 0, 1, 2, 3 cm3/l of Phos root-x with or without IBA at 0, 100, 500 ppm in combination. The experiment consisted of 24 treatments; each treatment consisted of three replicates with 3 cuttings per replicate. Data showed that for all parameters the best types for rooting was terminal cuttings, and a higher concentration of phos root-x favored better results especially with 3 cm3/l level. These results may be due to the higher concentrations of amino acids complex inside the newly rooting promotor compound (Phos root-x)

RESPONSE OF POT MARIGOLD (Calendula officinalis L.) TO DIFFERENT APPLICATION METHODS AND CONCENTRATIONS OF SEAWEED EXTRACT

This research study was carried out in the open field during the two successive seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The aim of this investigation was to study the response of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) to different application methods and concentrations of seaweed extracts applied as a commercial compound. Seven treatments were initiated, i.e. three concentrations of seaweed extracts (500, 1000, 1500) were used either as foliar spray or as soil drench in addition to the control treatment (tap water). Results indicated that foliar spray with 1500 ppm of seaweed extract increased significantly plant height, number of flowers per plant and vase life in the two tested seasons. However, foliar spray with the lowest concentration of seaweed extract (500 ppm) resulted in significant increments in flower stalk length, flower diameter and carbohydrates content. Moreover, the same concentration showed significant increases in total carotenoids, nitrogen, and phosphorus percentage when used as soil drench in the two tested seasons

Selvitys turvapaikanhakijoiden palvelutarpeista: lähtökohtia kirjastopalveluiden kehittämiselle

Report on the service needs of asylum seekers - for developing and improving library service

OPTIMIZATION OF ALOCASIA AMAZONICA PROLIFERATION THROUGH IN-VITRO CULTURE TECHNIQUE

Excised explants were in-vitro cultured on multiplication medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS). This study was carried away inside the tissue culture lab. Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center. Giza, Egypt through the period from 2015 to 2017, to research some factors affecting in-vitro propagation of the indoor ornamental plant Alocasia amazonica using benzyladenine amino purine (BAP) and Kinetin at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ppm and their interaction. The obtained results indicated that BAP gave the greatest number of shoots, plus the lowest values for shoot length, shoot fresh weight, number regarding roots and total chlorophyll content. Meanwhile, kinetin achieved the highest values for shoot length, shoot fresh weight although it was not necessarily significant. The same was observed in number of leaves, number of roots and total chlorophyll content with no significant difference. MS medium free of hormones demonstrated the greatest number of leaves, number of roots and total chlorophyll content, and the lowest values of number of shoots and shoot length. Using cytokinn at 1 ppm gave the highest shoot length and number of leaves; and the second position for number of shoot and roots. As for 2 ppm of cytokinin application, it gave the greatest values of shoot length, number of leaves and shoot fresh weight, despite the last one was not significant. this concentration got also the other position for number of shoots, 3 ppm had the greatest number of shoots, and the lowest shoot length, number of roots and shoot fresh weight and 4 ppm occupied the second grade concerning number of shoots, and the lowest grades for shoot length, shoot fresh weight, number of leaves, number of roots and total chlorophyll. Regarding the interaction between cytokinin type and concentration found that, the control treatment (Free MS) gave the highest number of leaves. Using BAP at 2 or 3 ppm attained the highest number of shoots. Using Kin at 1 or 2 ppm attained the highest shoots length. Also, Using Kin at 2 ppm attained the highest fresh weight. The application of Kin at 1 ppm was connected with the highest value of number of leaves. The development of roots showed great values on free medium of BAP and Kin as well as medium supplemented with Kin at 1 and 2 ppm. Whereas, root did not demonstrate any presence at higher concentrations of BAP of 2, 3 and 4 ppm. It is usually recommended to use the MS medium supplemented with BAP at 3 ppm which often gave the highest number of shoots. However, the highest values for shoot length, shoot fresh weight and number of roots were recorded on particularly on MS medium supplemented with Kin at 2 ppm

Influence of Process Parameters in n-PMEDM of Inconel 800 with Electrode and Coated Electrodes

By considering the unique performances, the Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining (PMEDM) mostly encounter choice for machining the hard materials with job features like intricate shapes with grater accuracy and those materials are difficult to cut in conventional machining processes. This Research aimed to prepare parameter index chart for machining nickel based super alloy - Inconel 800 for various requirements. To achieve the aim, In this experimental study on machining of Inconel 800 in PMEDM with electrolyte copper electrode as well as silver coated electrolyte copper electrode is focused. Taguchi full factorial design derived from MINITAB release-16 software was used to design the experimentation. The factors like pulse off time, Current and Pulse on Time were considered. The responses like amount of Tool Wear, Quantity of material removal, surface finishes were noted against each case. In the same experimental conditions the coated electrode increased the MRR by 36.67% with minor increment of maximum surface roughness to 16.11%

Use of Soilless Culture Technique in the Production of Chrysanthemum (Denderanthema grandiflora Ramat) cv.”Zembla”

This research study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at the farm located within the vicinity of the Arid lands Agriculture graduated studies and Research Institute (ALARI), Shobra Elkheima, Qalyobia governorate, Egypt, under an unheated plastic-house (25 m length x 9 m width x 3.5 m height). The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications, and the result data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Chrysanthemum (Denderanthema grandiflora Ramat) cv. Zembla was employed in this research imported initially from DELIFLOR Company, in the Netherlands. Seedlings were planted in different substrate cultures to determine the most suitable local mixes for their cultivation and maximum production. Three of them were chosen from the local environment namely Water hyacinth, Palm fiber and Sugar-cane refuse in addition to Sawdust and Peat moss. The seedlings were planted into pots filled with eleven substrate culture mixes as follow: Water hyacinth (WH), WH + peat moss (1:1), Palm fibers (PF), PF + Peat moss (1:1), Coarse sawdust (CS), CS + Peat moss (1:1), Fine sawdust (FS), FS + peat moss (1:1), Sugar-Cane refuse (SC), SC + Peat moss (1:1) and Peat moss. The results indicated that the substrate combination of PF + peat moss (1:1) and WH + peat moss (1:1) gave higher significant values when compared to other remaining substrate with regards to vegetative parameters, i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant and greenness of leaves as SPAD reading values. Also flower diameter exhibited a higher significant increase when PF + peat moss (1:1) + WH+ peat moss substrate combination was used compared to the other remaining substrates. Flower vase life also was influenced by the local substrate used in bringing up the cut-flowers and showed longer standing in the preservative solution when flowers were obtained from both of WH + peat moss (1:1) and Palm fiber + peat moss (1:1) compared to other substrate culture mixtures