730 research outputs found
Review of Nabil Matar, “Christian Mysticism in the Ottoman Empire: The Case of Hindiyya the Nun, 1720 – 1798”, in The Muslim World, vol. 95, April 2005.
A critical commentary of an article concerning the Maronite mystic Hindiyya (Lebanon, 18th C.)Commentaire critique à propos d'un article concernant la mystique maronite Hindiyya (Liban, XVIIIe siècle
Experimental and modeling study of the autoignition of 1-hexene/iso-octane mixtures at low temperatures
Autoignition delay times have been measured in a rapid compression machine at
Lille at temperatures after compression from 630 to 840 K, pressures from 8 to
14 bar, \Phi = 1 and for a iso octane/1 hexene mixture containing 82%
iso-octane and 18% 1 hexene. Results have shown that this mixture is strongly
more reactive than pure iso-octane, but less reactive than pure 1 hexene. It
exhibits a classical low temperature behaviour, with the appearance of cool
flame and a negative temperature coefficient region. The composition of the
reactive mixture obtained after the cool flame has also been determined. A
detailed kinetic model has been obtained by using the system EXGAS, developed
in Nancy for the automatic generation of kinetic mechanisms, and an acceptable
agreement with the experimental results has been obtained both for autoignition
delay times and for the distribution of products. A flow rate analysis reveals
that the crossed reactions between species coming from both reactants (like
H-abstractions or combinations) are negligible in the main flow consumption of
the studied hydrocarbons. The ways of formation of the main primary products
observed and the most sensitive rate constants have been identified
Rich methane laminar flames doped with light unsaturated hydrocarbons. Part II: 1,3butadiene
In line with the study presented in the part I of this paper, the structure
of a laminar rich premixed methane flame doped with 1,3-butadiene has been
investigated. The flame contains 20.7% (molar) of methane, 31.4% of oxygen and
3.3% of 1,3-butadiene, corresponding to an equivalence ratio of 1.8, and a
ratio C4H6 / CH4 of 16 %. The flame has been stabilized on a burner at a
pressure of 6.7 kPa using argon as dilutant, with a gas velocity at the burner
of 36 cm/s at 333 K. The temperature ranged from 600 K close to the burner up
to 2150 K. Quantified species included usual methane C0-C2 combustion products
and 1,3-butadiene, but also propyne, allene, propene, propane, 1,2-butadiene,
butynes, vinylacetylene, diacetylene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
(isoprene), 1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene, benzene and toluene. In order to
model these new results, some improvements have been made to a mechanism
previously developed in our laboratory for the reactions of C3-C4 unsaturated
hydrocarbons. The main reaction pathways of consumption of 1,3-butadiene and of
formation of C6 aromatic species have been derived from flow rate analyses. In
this case, the C4 route to benzene formation plays an important role in
comparison to the C3 pathway
A Comparative Study of the Formation of Aromatics in Rich Methane Flames Doped by Unsaturated Compounds
For a better modeling of the importance of the different channels leading to
the first aromatic ring, we have compared the structures of laminar rich
premixed methane flames doped with several unsaturated hydrocarbons: allene and
propyne, because they are precursors of propargyl radicals which are well known
as having an important role in forming benzene, 1,3-butadiene to put in
evidence a possible production of benzene due to reactions of C4 compounds,
and, finally, cyclopentene which is a source of cyclopentadienylmethylene
radicals which in turn are expected to easily isomerizes to give benzene. These
flames have been stabilized on a burner at a pressure of 6.7 kPa (50 Torr)
using argon as dilutant, for equivalence ratios (?) from 1.55 to 1.79. A unique
mechanism, including the formation and decomposition of benzene and toluene,
has been used to model the oxidation of allene, propyne, 1,3 butadiene and
cyclopentene. The main reaction pathways of aromatics formation have been
derived from reaction rate and sensitivity analyses and have been compared for
the three types of additives. These combined analyses and comparisons can only
been performed when a unique mechanism is available for all the studied
additives
De l’ambiguïté en Islam
Un spécialiste de littérature arabe médiévale, appartenant à la grande tradition philologique allemande, apporte une importante contribution au débat sur la place de l’Islam dans le monde contemporain. Il y dénonce l’actuelle « islamisation de l’Islam », c’est-à-dire sa réduction à la sphère religieuse. Au contraire de l’Occident moderne, qui se caractériserait par sa recherche de la précision, l’Islam appartiendrait aux sociétés qui font preuve d’une forte « tolérance à l’ambiguïté ». De ce point de vue, le fondamentalisme islamique contemporain ne serait qu’un avatar de la modernité. L’auteur passe en revue tour à tour la façon de gérer ou de « domestiquer » l’ambigüité inhérente au texte coranique, à la Tradition, enfin aux relations entre sexes.An expert on Medieval Arabic literature, who comes from the German philological tradition, makes an important contribution to the debate about the role of Islam in our contemporary world. He criticizes the present “Islamization of Islam”, that is, reducing Islam to exclusively religious meanings. In opposition to the Modern West, characterized by its requirement for precision, Islam belongs to societies that show a higher degree of “tolerance for ambiguity”. From this perspective, contemporary Islamic fundamentalism could be paradoxically perceived as a manifestation of Modernity. The author reviews the way in which ambiguity in the Koranic text, in the Tradition and in gender relations is handled and “domesticated” within Islamic classical culture
Dionigi Albera, Maryline Crivello, Mohamed Tozy (dir.), Dictionnaire de la Méditerranée, Arles, Actes Sud, 2016, 1694 p.
Comment « faire Méditerranée » tout en prenant ses distances à l’égard des stéréotypes y compris scientifiques, du méditerranéisme ? C’est tout le défi de cet ouvrage. Aux grands récits à visée politique ou commerciale, aux récits cognitifs forgés par l’académie dans des contextes datés, à la pluralité parfois contradictoire de ces récits, il tente d’opposer une nouvelle approche. Dans une introduction très autoréflexive, les auteurs affirment : « Soyons clairs : d’un point de vue scientifiqu..
Guillaume Dye, Fabien Nobilio (dir.), Figures bibliques en islam
Dans l’abondante production coranologique, voici un (rare) ouvrage en français. Il donne d’abondantes références bibliographiques à jour dans ce domaine, avec parfois des remarques critiques. Les articles qui le composent offrent d’autre part une illustration des approches et des débats actuels entre spécialistes du champ. Le lecteur peut donc s’en saisir comme d’une porte d’entrée dans la discipline coranologique. Le livre s’inscrit dans le travail actuel sur l’intertextualité, qui postule l..
Alastair Hamilton, The Copts and the West 1439-1822. The European Discovery of the Egyptian Church
Cet ouvrage porte sur la découverte des coptes par les Européens, et, comme Alastair Hamilton l’écrit lui-même, il nous en apprend bien plus sur les seconds que sur les premiers. Il livre néanmoins rapidement l’état actuel de la recherche sur les chrétiens d’Égypte depuis leur origine. Et il s’efforce toujours de saisir au mieux le point de vue de ces derniers, plus tournés vers l’Éthiopie ou les autres Églises monophysites du Proche-Orient que vers Rome. Dans les chapitres consacrés aux miss..
L’évolution des niveaux de vie en France, de la fin de l’Ancien Régime à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Approche anthropométrique.
L’histoire anthropométrique constitue une approche originale des niveaux de vie. Initié en France par Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie dans les années 1970 , ce type d’enquête cliométrique s’est pleinement développé dans les pays anglo-saxons à la suite des travaux pionniers de Robert Fogel puis de Richard Steckel et John Komlos . La nouvelle histoire anthropométrique repose sur deux principes de base. Tout d’abord, la stature humaine considérée à l’échelle de l’individu renvoie au biologique, elle es..
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