An investigation of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function

The zeros of the Riemann zeta function outside the critical strip are the so-called trivial zeros. While many zeros of the Riemann zeta function are located on the critical line $\Re(s)=1/2$, the non-existence of zeros in the remaining part of the critical strip $\Re(s) \in \, ]0,1[$ remains to be proven. The Riemann zeta functional leads to a relationship between the zeros of the Riemann zeta function on either sides of the critical line. Given $s$ a complex number and $\bar{s}$ its complex conjugate, if $s$ is a zero of the Riemann zeta function in the critical strip $\Re(s) \in \, ]0,1[$, then we have $\zeta(s) = \zeta(1-\bar{s})$. As the Riemann hypothesis states that all non-trivial zeros lie on the critical line $\Re(s) = 1/2$, it is enough to show there are no zeros on either sides of the critical line within the critical strip $\Re(s) \in \, ]0,1[$, to say the Riemann hypothesis is true.Comment: 16 page

On the origin of the canyon diablo no. 2 and no. 3 meteorites

Measurements of helium-3, neon-21, and argon-38 in Canyon Diablo meteorites indicated origin of Canyon Diablo-

The processing of radiation by dust in galaxies

Optical/UV photons and even harder radiation components in galaxies are absorbed and scattered by dust and re-emitted at infrared wavelengths. For a better understanding of the obscured regions of the galaxies detailed models of the interaction of photons with dust grains and the propagation of light are required. A problem which can only be solved by means of numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation. As a prologue we present high angular mid IR observations of galactic nuclei in the spirit of future ELT instrumentation. Dust models are discussed, which are suited to fit the extinction curves and relevant to compute the emission of external galaxies. Self-consistent radiative transfer models have been presented in spherical symmetry for starburst nuclei, in two dimensions for disk galaxies (spirals) and, more recently, in three dimensional configuration of the dust density distribution. For the latter, a highlighting example is the clumpy dust tori around AGN. Modern advances in the field are reviewed which are either based on a more detailed physical picture or progress in computational sciences.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Missed Expectations: The Argentine Convertibility

This paper studies the process that led to the Argentine crisis. The crisis is understood as a major disappointment of previous expectations, indicated by widespread insolvencies and abrupt declines in consumption. The analysis concentrates on the sequence of public and private decisions, and the varying perceptions and policy incentives that motivated them. In the nineties Argentina searched for a new growth trend. During much of the period, the behavior of agents seemed to be based on the anticipation that current and future incomes could sustain a value of domestic spending much higher than in the past. The government was motivated to reinforce those expectations, for signaling and political economy reasons. The convertibility monetary regime not only provided a very visible nominal anchor, but also operated as a basic framework for financial contracts, mostly denominated in dollars. Dollar contracting implicitly presumed that the dollar value of incomes would support the servicing of debts. Despite precautionary measures, the reliance on the sustainability of the real exchange rate increased over time. In the late nineties exports stopped rising and the foreign supply of credit tightened. Facing these contraints, the economy contracted and the solvency of the government was put into question. The financial system was vulnerable both in the event of devaluation and that of a (large) deflation-cum-adjustment. As was implicit in its design and management, convertibility proved to have very large exit costs.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39900/3/wp515.pd

A lower bound for the modulus of the Dirichlet eta function on partition P\mathcal{P} from 2-D principal component analysis

The present manuscript aims to derive an expression for the lower bound of the modulus of the Dirichlet eta function on vertical lines $\Re(s)=\alpha$. An approach based on a two-dimensional principal component analysis matching the dimensionality of the complex plane, which is built on a parametric ellipsoidal shape, has been undertaken to achieve this result. This lower bound, which is expressed as $\forall s \in \, \mathbb{C}$ s.t. $\Re(s) \in \mathcal{P}(s)$, $|\eta(s)| \geq |1- \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2^{\alpha}}|$, where $\eta$ is the Dirichlet eta function, has implications for the Riemann hypothesis as $|\eta(s)| >0$ for any such $s \in \mathcal{P}$, where $\mathcal{P}$ is a partition spanning one half of the critical strip on either sides of the critical line $\Re(s) = 1/2$ depending upon a variable delimiting regions, complementary by mirror symmetry with respect to $\Re(s) = 1/2$.Comment: 13 page

An algebra of discrete event processes

This report deals with an algebraic framework for modeling and control of discrete event processes. The report consists of two parts. The first part is introductory, and consists of a tutorial survey of the theory of concurrency in the spirit of Hoare's CSP, and an examination of the suitability of such an algebraic framework for dealing with various aspects of discrete event control. To this end a new concurrency operator is introduced and it is shown how the resulting framework can be applied. It is further shown that a suitable theory that deals with the new concurrency operator must be developed. In the second part of the report the formal algebra of discrete event control is developed. At the present time the second part of the report is still an incomplete and occasionally tentative working paper

A qualitative study of factors affecting mental health amongst low-income working mothers in Bangalore, India.

BackgroundLow-income urban working mothers face many challenges in their domestic, environmental, and working conditions that may affect their mental health. In India, a high prevalence of mental health disorders has been recorded in young women, but there has been little research to examine the factors that affect their mental health at home and work.MethodsThrough a primarily qualitative approach, we studied the relationship between work, caring for family, spousal support, stress relief strategies and mental health amongst forty eight low-income working mothers residing in urban slums across Bangalore, India. Participants were construction workers, domestic workers, factory workers and fruit and vegetable street vendors. Qualitative data analysis themes included state of mental health, factors that affected mental health positively or negatively, manifestations and consequences of stress and depression, and stress mitigators.ResultsEven in our small sample of women, we found evidence of extreme depression, including suicidal ideation and attempted suicide. Women who have an alcoholic and/or abusive husband, experience intimate partner violence, are raising children with special needs, and lack adequate support for child care appear to be more susceptible to severe and prolonged periods of depression and suicide attempts. Factors that pointed towards reduced anxiety and depression were social support from family, friends and colleagues and fulfilment from work.ConclusionThis qualitative study raises concerns that low-income working mothers in urban areas in India are at high risk for depression, and identifies common factors that create and mitigate stress in this population group. We discuss implications of the findings for supporting the mental health of urban working women in the Indian context. The development of the national mental health policy in India and its subsequent implementation should draw on existing research documenting factors associated with negative mental health amongst specific population groups in order to ensure greater impact

Income Distribution, Factor Endowments, and Trade Revisited: The Role of Non-Tradable Goods

We return to the traditional theme of the distributive consequences of international prices and trade policies, focusing on economies relatively abundant in natural resources with a large non-tradable-goods sector. Changes in international prices create an aggregate demand effect which impacts on the earnings of factors employed in the non-traded goods sector. We show that, in economies highly specialized in the production of tradable goods and where the import-competing sector is small, under standard assumptions, terms-of- trade shifts have a neutral effect on factor prices and thus lack distributive effects, quite differently from Stolper-Samuelson scenarios. In economies with sizable import-competing sectors and two ?urban? productive factors (e.g. skilled and unskilled labor), changes in the terms of trade do induce distributional tensions through two channels: (i) the exogenous shift in the relative price of tradable goods, and (ii) the endogenous displacement of the demand for non-tradables. We illustrate how, according to the structure of the economy, different patterns of income distribution may arise. Next, we analyze the introduction of trade duties. Trade taxes change relative prices between tradable goods as a terms-of-trade shock does, but also introduce an additional demand mechanism, that depends on the use the government gives to the revenues. If the tax revenues are transferred back to the private sector, the resulting reallocation of spending favors those factors used intensively in the production of non-tradables.Fil: Galiani, Sebastian. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Heymann, Carlos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Politica de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Economía Politica de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Magud, Nicolas E.. International Monetary Fund.; Estados Unido