A study on handbook to the British Indian Section of the Paris Exhibition of 1878 : regarding the meaning of \u27handwork\u27

研究ノー

Lemon Polyphenols Suppress Diet-induced Obesity by Up-Regulation of mRNA Levels of the Enzymes Involved in β-Oxidation in Mouse White Adipose Tissue

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary lemon polyphenols on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice, and on the regulation of the expression of the genes involved in lipid metabolism to elucidate the mechanisms. Mice were divided into three groups and fed either a low fat diet (LF) or a high fat diet (HF) or a high fat diet supplemented with 0.5% w/w lemon polyphenols (LP) extracted from lemon peel for 12 weeks. Body weight gain, fat pad accumulation, the development of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance were significantly suppressed by lemon polyphenols. Supplementation with lemon polyphenols also significantly up-regulated the mRNA level of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) compared to the LF and HF groups in the liver. Furthermore, the mRNA level of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) was up-regulated in the LP group compared to the LF group, but not HF group in the liver, and was also significantly increased in the epididymal white adipose tissue. Thus, feeding with lemon polyphenols suppressed body weight gain and body fat accumulation by increasing peroxisomal β-oxidation through up-regulation of the mRNA level of ACO in the liver and white adipose tissue, which was likely mediated via up-regulation of the mRNA levels of PPARα

Do calcineurin inhibitors influence the serum concentrations of mizoribine?

Background: Mizoribine (MZR) is an antimetabolite that inhibits inosine-monophosphate dehydrogenase and has been used for preventing rejection in renal transplantation. However, the effect of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) on the pharmacokinetics of MZR has not been shown. This study was performed to show the influence of CNIs (tacrolimus [Tac] or cyclosporine [CyA]) on the serum concentration of MZR.Methods: Thirty-four living-donor renal transplant recipients administered a four-drug immunosuppressive therapy regimen (steroid, CNIs, basiliximab and MZR 6 mg/kg/day) were investigated. 20 recipients were treated with Tac and 14 were with CyA. Serum concentrations of MZR were obtained retrospectively at 464 points and at 243 points for each. Population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was used to make pharmacokinetic models of serum MZR. After statistically evaluating the correlation of the pharmacokinetic models with the actual data, areas under the curves (AUCs) of each CNI were also estimated in these models and statistically evaluated.Results: The mean values of the PPK parameters (absorption lag time, absorption rate constant [Ka], apparent volume of distribution [V/F] and oral clearance of MZR [CLMZR/F]) were 0.600 hr and 0.643 hr, 1.14/hr and 0.911/hr, 0.732×body weight (WT) (L) and 0.784×WT (L), and 1.64×creatinine clearance (CLcr) (L/hr) and 1.81×CLcr (L/hr), respectively. Moreover, the serum concentrations of MZR at all-time points were estimated with these parameters. The correlation coefficients between the individual actual and estimated serum concentrations of MZR in the Tac group and the CyA group were 0.988 and 0.992, respectively. The average value of the AUCs of MZR corrected by the CLcr in the Tac group, and the CyA group were 0.61±0.21 and 0.55±0.19 (average value±standard deviation) for each (p=0.19).Conclusion: These findings suggest the pharmacokinetics of MZR were well-described by 1-compartment model with first-order absorption. Moreover, concomitant use of CNIs, e.g., Tac and CyA, may have no significant influence on the pharmacokinetics of MZR

明治中期京都における図案会の活動

In the mid Meiji era, design associations originated successively in Kyoto. In this paper, I shall highlight their activities, and examine what roles they played in the cradle of the design. I focus on four associations from the 1880s to the 1890s in Kyoto : Kyoto Bizyutsu Kyokai, Shin Zuankai, Yuzen Zuankai, and Kyoto Gonikai Zuanbu. Their common activities included conducting design competitions with prizes and publishing bulletins or design books. The activities created accessible meeting places for design seekers and designers. In addition, they promoted communication between generations of designers or artists, and laid the foundation from which the ‘designer’, a principal occupation of design, arose.原著論

The Colors of William Morris ― About his Pattern Designs for Textile Printing with Indigo ―

本稿では，19世紀英国の装飾芸術家，ウィリアム・モリスの色彩について，インディゴ抜染技法を用いたテキスタイ ルの捺染向けパターン・デザインから考察する。モリスは，とくに1880年代に集中的にインディゴ抜染を用いたデザイ ンを制作した。このことを彼のパターン・デザインへの取り組みにおけるひとつの展開としてみると，モリスのインディ ゴ抜染のデザインは素材と色へと接近するための試みと捉えることができる。モリスの染色において，すべての色彩は， 青，赤，黄，茶の四色の染料からえられる。なかでも，インディゴによる青はルネサンス期の染色を規範としたもので， 色の堅牢性という価値観を超え，色褪せてなお残る美しさという価値観によるものだった。departmental bulletin pape