Multiproxy analysis exploring patterns of diet and disease in dental calculus and skeletal remains from a 19th century Dutch population

Dental calculus is an excellent source of information on the dietary patterns of past populations, including consumption of plant-based items. The detection of plant-derived residues such as alkaloids and their metabolites in dental calculus provides direct evidence of consumption by individuals within a population. We conducted a study on 41 individuals from Middenbeemster, a 19th century rural  Dutch archaeological site. Skeletal and dental analysis was performed to explore potential relationships between pathological lesions and presence of alkaloids. Dental calculus was analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem  mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We were able to detect nicotine, cotinine, caffeine, theophylline, and salicylic acid, suggesting the consumption of tea and coffee and smoking of tobacco on an individual scale, which is also confirmed by historic documentation and identification of pipe notches in the dentition. Nicotine and/or cotinine was present in 56% of individuals with at least one visible pipe notch. There is some influence of skeletal preservation on the detection of alkaloids, with higher quantities of compounds extracted from well-preserved individuals, and we observe a positive relationship between weight of the calculus sample and quantity of detected compounds, as well as between chronic maxillary sinusitis and the presence of multiple alkaloids. There are many limitations that will need to be addressed going forward with this type of analysis; we stress the need for more systematic research on the consumption of alkaloid-containing items and their subsequent concentration and preservation in dental calculus, in addition to how mode of consumption may affect concentrations in the dentition. Despite the limitations, this preliminary study illustrates many benefits of using calculus to target a variety of compounds that could have been consumed as medicine or diet. This method allows us to directly address specific individuals, which can be especially useful in individuals that are not always well-documented in historic documentation, such as rural populations, and especially children and women

Is American Public Administration Detached From Historical Context?: On the Nature of Time and the Need to Understand It in Government and Its Study

The study of public administration pays little attention to history. Most publications are focused on current problems (the present) and desired solutions (the future) and are concerned mainly with organizational structure (a substantive issue) and output targets (an aggregative issue that involves measures of both individual performance and organizational productivity/services). There is much less consideration of how public administration (i.e., organization, policy, the study, etc.) unfolds over time. History, and so administrative history, is regarded as a “past” that can be recorded for its own sake but has little relevance to contemporary challenges. This view of history is the product of a diminished and anemic sense of time, resulting from organizing the past as a series of events that inexorably lead up to the present in a linear fashion. To improve the understanding of government’s role and position in society, public administration scholarship needs to reacquaint itself with the nature of time.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Codex diplomaticus neerlandicus : verzameling van oorkonden, betrekkelijk de vaderlandsche geschiedenis.

1,1. Tijdvak der Middeleeuwen.-- 1,2 Tijdvak der nieuwe geschiedenisEuropeana-GoogleBook

Getuigen Verhalen, Geallieerde Bombardementen in Amsterdam Noord op de Fokkerfabriek in juli 1943, interview 04

De heer Ridder is de jongste in een gezin met vijf kinderen. De vader heeft een expeditiebedrijf in Amsterdam Noord. Ridder is 17 jaar oud wanneer de Fokkerfabrieken in juli 1943 door de geallieerden worden gebombardeerd. Hij heeft, deels via avondstudie, een electrotechnische opleiding genoten en werkt bij het Gemeentelijke Energie Bedrijf van Amsterdam. Hij ontkomt aan de Duitse Arbeidsdienst door naar familie in Brabant te gaan. Hij schetst de omgang met NSBers op het werk en op straat, en ook de eigen Rooms-Katholieke, de Gereformeerde en communistische gemeenschappen in Amsterdam Noord. Zo wordt ook de dokterspraktijk aan de Meeuwenlaan alom verdacht van NSB-sympathien. Ridder verleent hand- en spandiensten aan zijn oudste broer die bij het verzet is betrokken. Dankzij zijn electrotechnische kennis weet hij een illegale stroomvoorziening aan te leggen, zodat de Engelse zender ontvangen kon worden. De buurhuizen profiteren mee, met alle gevaren van dien: oververhitte electrische kacheltjes en onvoldoende verduistering. Tewerkstelling in de centrale keuken voorziet in de voedselbehoefte van het gezin. Ridder krijgt permissie van zijn baas om naar huis te gaan als op de 17e juli 1943 Noord wordt gebombardeerd. Overal puinhopen en fietsen is lang niet overal te doen. Zijn moeder zat in de Ritakerk, maar blijft ongedeerd. In de dagen daarna worden de kerkelijke dakpannen die nog heel waren in veiligheid gebracht, voor de herbouw later. De Fokkerfabriek, die de 25e juli uiteindelijk wel geraakt wordt, ligt pal naast de electriciteitscentrale, waar Ridder stagiair was. Ridder vertelt ook nog hoe hij met zijn broers stiekem foto’s heeft gemaakt van de gecamoufleerde Fokkerfabriek. Na de oorlog komt hij in militaire dienst en neemt deel aan de Politionele Acties in Indonesie