Development and testing of a fully adaptable membrane bioreactor fouling model for a sidestream configuration system

This article is available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. Copyright © 2013 MDPI AGA dead-end filtration model that includes the three main fouling mechanisms mentioned in Hermia (i.e., cake build-up, complete pore blocking, and pore constriction) and that was based on a constant trans-membrane pressure (TMP) operation was extensively modified so it could be used for a sidestream configuration membrane bioreactor (MBR) situation. Modifications and add-ons to this basic model included: alteration so that it could be used for varying flux and varying TMP operations; inclusion of a backwash mode; it described pore constriction (i.e., irreversible fouling) in relation to the concentration of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the liquor; and, it could be used in a cross flow scenario by the addition of scouring terms in the model formulation. The additional terms in this modified model were checked against an already published model to see if they made sense, physically speaking. Next this modified model was calibrated and validated in Matlab© using data collected by carrying out flux stepping tests on both a pilot sidestream MBR plant, and then a pilot membrane filtration unit. The model fit proved good, especially for the pilot filtration unit data. In conclusion, this model formulation is of the right level of complexity to be used for most practical MBR situations

Twisted atrioventricular connections in double inlet right ventricle: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging

Twisted atrioventricular connections occur almost exclusively in the hearts with biventricular atrioventricular connections. Only one example of double inlet left ventricle has been illustrated in which the axes of the two atrioventricular valves crossed each other. We describe herein three patients, and one autopsied specimen, with double inlet right ventricle in which magnetic resonance imaging clearly demonstrated twisted atrioventricular connections

Quantum-classical phase transition of escape rate in biaxial spin system with an arbitrarily directed magnetic field

We investigate the escape rate of a biaxial spin particle with an arbitrarily dierected magnetic field in the easy plane, described by Hamiltonian ${\cal H} = -AS_z^2 - BS_x^2 -H_x S_x -H_z S_z, (A>B>0)$. We derive an effective particle potential by using the method of particle mapping. With the help of the criterion for the presence of a first-order quantum-classical transition of the escape rate we obtained various phase boundary curves depending on the anisotropy parameter $b \equiv B/A$ and the field parameters $\alpha_{x,z} \equiv H_{x,z}/AS$ : $\alpha_{zc}(b_c)'s, \alpha_{xc}(b_c)'s$, and $\alpha_{zc} = \alpha_{zc}(\alpha_{xc})$. It is found from $\alpha_{zc}(b_c)'s$ and $\alpha_{xc}(b_c)'s$ that the-first-order region decreases as $b$ and $\alpha_x$ (or $\alpha_z$) increase. The phase boundary line $\alpha_{zc} = \alpha_{zc}(\alpha_{xc}) shows that compared with the uniaxial system, both the first- and second-oredr regions are diminished due to the transverse anisotropy. Moreover, it is observed that, in the limit$\alpha_{xc} \to 0$,$\alpha_{zc}$does not coinsides with the coercive field line, which yields more reduction in the first-order region. We have also computed the crossover temperatures at the phase boundary :$T_c(b_c), T_c(\alpha_{xc}, \alpha_{zc})$.Comment: 17pages, 8figure

Conflict on the Korean Peninsula? An Analysis of Inter-Korean Relations

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Ho Yeol Yoo is a visiting scholar this year at the Mershon Center. He is currently a professor of Political Science at Korea University. After receiving his Ph.D from Ohio State, he worked for several years at the Korea Institute for National Unification (KINU), where he worked extensively on the relationship between North and South Korea.Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security StudiesEvent webpage, phot

Image Restoration by Estimating Frequency Distribution of Local Patches

In this paper, we propose a method to solve the image restoration problem, which tries to restore the details of a corrupted image, especially due to the loss caused by JPEG compression. We have treated an image in the frequency domain to explicitly restore the frequency components lost during image compression. In doing so, the distribution in the frequency domain is learned using the cross entropy loss. Unlike recent approaches, we have reconstructed the details of an image without using the scheme of adversarial training. Rather, the image restoration problem is treated as a classification problem to determine the frequency coefficient for each frequency band in an image patch. In this paper, we show that the proposed method effectively restores a JPEG-compressed image with more detailed high frequency components, making the restored image more vivid.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Accepted as a poster in CVPR 201

Single inorganic–organic hybrid nanowires with ambipolar photoresponse

We report for the first time single nanowires (NWs) with ambipolar (positive/negative) photoresponse that changes sign depending on the illumination wavelength. The single NWs were grown by the meniscus-guided method using inorganic (ZnO nanoparticles)–organic (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid materials. The ambipolar photoresponse of the single NWs enabled us to develop an unprecedented spectrum-discriminating NW photodetector array

Origin of multi-level switching and telegraphic noise in organic nanocomposite memory devices.

The origin of negative differential resistance (NDR) and its derivative intermediate resistive states (IRSs) of nanocomposite memory systems have not been clearly analyzed for the past decade. To address this issue, we investigate the current fluctuations of organic nanocomposite memory devices with NDR and the IRSs under various temperature conditions. The 1/f noise scaling behaviors at various temperature conditions in the IRSs and telegraphic noise in NDR indicate the localized current pathways in the organic nanocomposite layers for each IRS. The clearly observed telegraphic noise with a long characteristic time in NDR at low temperature indicates that the localized current pathways for the IRSs are attributed to trapping/de-trapping at the deep trap levels in NDR. This study will be useful for the development and tuning of multi-bit storable organic nanocomposite memory device systems

Vertically aligned InGaN nanowires with engineered axial In composition for highly efficient visible light emission.

We report on the fabrication of novel InGaN nanowires (NWs) with improved crystalline quality and high radiative efficiency for applications as nanoscale visible light emitters. Pristine InGaN NWs grown under a uniform In/Ga molar flow ratio (UIF) exhibited multi-peak white-like emission and a high density of dislocation-like defects. A phase separation and broad emission with non-uniform luminescent clusters were also observed for a single UIF NW investigated by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence. Hence, we proposed a simple approach based on engineering the axial In content by increasing the In/Ga molar flow ratio at the end of NW growth. This new approach yielded samples with a high luminescence intensity, a narrow emission spectrum, and enhanced crystalline quality. Using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, the UIF NWs exhibited a long radiative recombination time (τr) and low internal quantum efficiency (IQE) due to strong exciton localization and carrier trapping in defect states. In contrast, NWs with engineered In content demonstrated three times higher IQE and a much shorter τr due to mitigated In fluctuation and improved crystal quality