Correlation of laser velocimeter measurements over a wing with results of two prediction techniques

The flow field at the center line of an unswept wing with an aspect ratio of eight was determined using a two dimensional viscous flow prediction technique for the flow field calculation, and a three dimensional potential flow panel method to evaluate the degree of two dimensionality achieved at the wing center line. The analysis was made to provide an acceptable reference for comparison with velocity measurements obtained from a fringe type laser velocimeter optics systems operating in the backscatter mode in the Langley V/STOL tunnel. Good agreement between laser velocimeter measurements and theoretical results indicate that both methods provide a true representation of the velocity field about the wing at angles of attack of 0.6 and 4.75 deg

Delayed gastric emptying and reduced postprandial small bowel water content of equicaloric whole meal bread versus rice meals in healthy subjects: novel MRI insights

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Postprandial bloating is a common symptom in patients with functional gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Whole meal bread (WMB) often aggravates such symptoms though the mechanisms are unclear. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the intragastric fate of a WMB meal (11% bran) compared to a rice pudding (RP) meal. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 12 healthy volunteers completed this randomised crossover study. They fasted overnight and after an initial MRI scan consumed a glass of orange juice with a 2267 kJ WMB or an equicaloric RP meal. Subjects underwent serial MRI scans every 45 min up to 270 min to assess gastric volumes and small bowel water content and completed a GI symptom questionnaire. RESULTS: The MRI intragastric appearance of the two meals was markedly different. The WMB meal formed a homogeneous dark bolus with brighter liquid signal surrounding it. The RP meal separated into an upper, liquid layer and a lower particulate layer allowing more rapid emptying of the liquid compared to solid phase (sieving). The WMB meal had longer gastric half emptying times (132±8 min) compared to the RP meal (104±7 min), P<0.008. The WMB meal was associated with markedly reduced MRI-visible small bowel free mobile water content compared to the RP meal, P<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: WMB bread forms a homogeneous bolus in the stomach which inhibits gastric sieving and hence empties slower than the equicaloric rice meal. These properties may explain why wheat causes postprandial bloating and could be exploited to design foods which prolong satiation

Stimulation of colonic motility by oral PEG electrolyte bowel preparation assessed by MRI : comparison of split vs single dose

Peer reviewe

Taking up the cudgels against gay rights? Trends and trajectories in African Christian theologies on homosexuality

Against the background of the HIV epidemic and the intense public controversy on homosexuality in African societies, this article investigates the discourses of academic African Christian theologians on homosexuality. Distinguishing some major strands in African theology, that is, inculturation, liberation, women’s and reconstruction theology, the article examines how the central concepts of culture, liberation, justice, and human rights function in these discourses. On the basis of a qualitative analysis of a large number of publications, the article shows that stances of African theologians are varying from silence and rejection to acceptance. Although many African theologians have taken up the cudgels against gay rights, some “dissident voices” break the taboo and develop more inclusive concepts of African identity and African Christianity

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Search for direct stau production in events with two hadronic tau-leptons in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners ofτ-leptons (staus) in final stateswith two hadronically decayingτ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of139fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LargeHadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected StandardModel background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of direct production of stau pairs with eachstau decaying into the stable lightest neutralino and oneτ-lepton in simplified models where the two staumass eigenstates are degenerate. Stau masses from 120 GeV to 390 GeV are excluded at 95% confidencelevel for a massless lightest neutralino

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Looking at cereal varieties to help reduce weed control inputs

Improved understanding of cereal canopy shading may allow areduction of inputs for weed management. A trial is described from the EU-funded Weed Control in Organic Farming (WECOF) project showing the relationship between wheat and weed ground cover through the season. Some varieties show good early planophile growth and ground cover and poor, erectophile, later cover, allowing late weed growth. Others show converse development and effect on weeds. Some have high ground cover throughout the season, giving consistently good weed suppression. The detailed development of the canopy is being modelled to assist in describing varietal ideotypes for appropriate weed suppression under different conditions. The aim is to produce variety identification guides for organic farmers who need more competitive crops, and for breeders to understand the key features of such varieties. This knowledge would also be beneficial for ICM and agri-environment schemes where there is a need to reduce herbicide use

Updating nitrogen and sulphur fertiliser recommendations for spring barley

This project aimed to improve nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertiliser management guidelines for modern spring barley varieties. The work was conducted to help farmers achieve grain N% targets and high (economically optimal) yields more reliably. Specific objectives were to:1) Review data to understand how soil N supply, applied N and yield potential affect grain N%2) Quantify the effect of timing of soil applied N and S fertiliser on grain N%3) Quantify the effect of rate of soil applied N fertiliser on grain N%4) Produce N and S fertiliser guidelines for achieving grain N% targets with maximum yield5) Transfer guidelines to farmers and agronomistsEleven N-response experiments resulted in an average optimum N rate (Nopt) of 118 kg N/ha, with an average yield of 7.4 t/ha and an average grain N% of 1.63%. Analysis of new experimental data and a UK review dataset confirmed that the crop N demand increased with yield, with an additional 20 kg N/ha for each additional tonne, equating to an additional fertiliser requirement of 33 kg N/ha per tonne. On average, the current RB209 recommendations over-estimated N requirement by over 40 kg N/ha, with an average error of +/- 48 kg N/ha. Two options are proposed that deal with this inaccuracy (both give similar N recommendations at expected yields of 7–8 t/ha):i) Change the expected yield value from which N rate is adjusted from 5.5 t/ha to 7.5 t/ha. ii) Adopt a method to calculate fertiliser N requirement based on crop N demand and fertiliser recovery. Across the new experimental data and UK review dataset, reducing grain N% by 0.1% required a reduction in N rate of 29 kg N/ha, thus confirming the current RB209 recommendation of a reduction of 30 kg N/ha. The average grain N% at the Nopt was 1.72% and 67% of crops achieved a grain N% of &lt;1.8% at the Nopt. A cost-benefit analysis indicated reducing the N rate recommended for optimum yield by 30 kg N/ha would maximise the reliability of achieving a grain N% of less than 1.8%. However, if historic grain N% data for the field indicates that grain N% is consistently below 1.8% with fertiliser rates optimised for yield then it may not be necessary to reduce the N rate. Eleven N-timing experiments clearly indicated that all the N should be applied between the time of drilling and GS30, with at least 40 kg N/ha in the seedbed. However, to minimise the risk of nitrate leaching, no more than 40 kg N/ha should be applied in the seedbed, if the crop is sown before March, grown on a light-sand soil or if there is a likelihood of substantial rainfall soon after drilling. The results indicated that there was no requirement to alter current recommendations for S fertiliser, with applications of 25–50 kg SO3/ha, where a risk of S deficiency is identified.<br/