Fatigue testing a plurality of test specimens and method

Described is a fatigue testing apparatus for simultaneously subjecting a plurality of material test specimens to cyclical tension loading to determine the fatigue strength of the material. The fatigue testing apparatus includes a pulling head having cylinders defined therein which carry reciprocating pistons. The reciprocation of the pistons is determined by cyclical supplies of pressurized fluid to the cylinders. Piston rods extend from the pistons through the pulling head and are attachable to one end of the test specimens, the other end of the test specimens being attachable to a fixed base, causing test specimens attached between the piston rods and the base to be subjected to cyclical tension loading. Because all the cylinders share a common pressurized fluid supply, the breaking of a test specimen does not substantially affect the pressure of the fluid supplied to the other cylinders nor the tension applied to the other test specimens

The Value of Internships in Global Workforce Development

between their academic studies and the business world. The internship opportunities help student to gain experience by introducing with different ways of working and preparing them to be successful as member of the global workforce.The survey aims to analyze the internship of undergraduate and graduate studentin Epoka University and determine the factors for the valuable internship experience. It shows the statistical analysis for the student's profile, the structure of internship and thevalue of the internship to student career plans. Also this study researches the outcomes of internship students to establish an opinion about their experiences valuable for a career inthe 21st Century globalized marketplace

A taxonomy of malicious traffic for intrusion detection systems

With the increasing number of network threats it is essential to have a knowledge of existing and new network threats to design better intrusion detection systems. In this paper we propose a taxonomy for classifying network attacks in a consistent way, allowing security researchers to focus their efforts on creating accurate intrusion detection systems and targeted datasets

POWER OF THE WOMEN IN ALBANIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

This paper shows the progress that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It is inextricably linked to all aspects and challenges of global society in which they live, as economic growth and social protection of the natural and cultural environment of the country. In these global challenges, women have been shown to be more active in promoting an environmental ethic, minimizing the use of primary sources of life, and recycling in order to reduce pollution. Everywhere in the world today, women are at the top of organizations essentially environmental issue. They have been and always will be the determining factor for quality of life and well-being of communities. As conclusion, the new century began with hope for a better future for Albanian economy. From region to region society faces with issues ranging from armed conflicts to lack of proper education, plaguing our communities today, especially the position of women. Created laws aimed at protecting them, but only some of them can be protected effectively

Assessing the cervical range of motion in infants with positional plagiocephaly

Purpose: To determine if infants with positional plagiocephaly have limitations of active and passive cervical range of motion measured with simple and reliable methods. Methods: The examiners assessed bilateral active and passive cervical rotations and passive cervical lateral flexion. Cervical assessment was performed twice by 2 different physicians to assess intertester reliability. To assess intratester reliability the first investigator performed a second examination 48 hours after the first one. Results: One-hundred nine subjects were analyzed; 70.7% of the sample had head positional preference on the right, while 29.3% had head positional preference on the left (x2 35.52, P <0.001). Cervical rotations and lateral flexion showed reliable levels of agreement for intra and intertester reliability. Conclusions: The most limited range of motion in infants with positional plagiocephaly was cervical active rotation which affected more than 90% of patients. Passive cervical rotations and lateral flexion were limited in more than 60% of patient

Machine learning approach for detection of nonTor traffic

Intrusion detection has attracted a considerable interest from researchers and industry. After many years of research the community still faces the problem of building reliable and efficient intrusion detection systems (IDS) capable of handling large quantities of data with changing patterns in real time situations. The Tor network is popular in providing privacy and security to end user by anonymizing the identity of internet users connecting through a series of tunnels and nodes. This work identifies two problems; classification of Tor traffic and nonTor traffic to expose the activities within Tor traffic that minimizes the protection of users in using the UNB-CIC Tor Network Traffic dataset and classification of the Tor traffic flow in the network. This paper proposes a hybrid classifier; Artificial Neural Network in conjunction with Correlation feature selection algorithm for dimensionality reduction and improved classification performance. The reliability and efficiency of the propose hybrid classifier is compared with Support Vector Machine and naïve Bayes classifiers in detecting nonTor traffic in UNB-CIC Tor Network Traffic dataset. Experimental results show the hybrid classifier, ANN-CFS proved a better classifier in detecting nonTor traffic and classifying the Tor traffic flow in UNB-CIC Tor Network Traffic dataset

Genetic mapping and synteny analysis allowed the identification of genome rearrangements in the allotetraploid Arachis hypogaea

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is widely used as a food and cash crop around the world. It is considered to be an allotetraploid AABB (2n = 4x = 40) originated from a recent and single hybridization event between two wild diploids. Among the sixty wild species described, A. duranensis (AA) and A. ipaensis (BB) appeared to be the best candidates for the A and B genome donors, respectively. The combining effects of polyploidisation and domestication have greatly narrowed the genetic diversity and hampered the application of molecular approaches for the genetic analysis and the improvement of the cultivated peanut. Recently, the development of synthetic amphidiploids using wild diploid species allowed overcoming the reproductive barrier between wild diploids and the cultivated tetraploid species. This material is an important resource for genetic mapping, synteny analysis between the A and B genomes and molecular breeding. The objectives of this study were to construct a wild x cultivated tetraploid genetic map using the co-dominant SSR markers, to assess the type of inheritance and the synteny between the A and B genomes. A synthetic amphidiploid, obtained from the cross between the most probable wild progenitors of the cultivated peanut (A. duranensis, A ipaensis), was crossed to the Fleur11 variety. A population of 88 BC1F1 individuals was produced and genotyped with 277 polymorphic SSR markers. We mapped 299 loci in 21 linkage groups (LGs), spanning a total map distance of 1843.7 cM. We determined the sub-genomic origin of the SSR alleles by comparison with the alleles of the wild diploid parents of the amphidiploid. This enabled us to confirm the disomic inheritance of all loci and to distinguish the A from the B genome linkage groups (LG). We have not observed LGs with mosaic A/B allele composition. This indicates that the chromosome pairing happened between "homologous" genomes and confirms the high affinity between the A/B genomes of the cultivated species and the A genome of A. duranensis and the B genome of A. ipaensis, respectively. We also identified the homeologous LGs with 53 SSR markers that mapped on both the A and B genomes. We observed an overall good collinearity between each pair of homeologous LGs. However, three inversions of chromosome segment were pointed out between homeologous LGs a01/b01, a03/b03 and a09/b09, as well as a major translocation involving the LGs b07 and b08. These rearrangement events are discussed regarding the divergence of the A and B genomes. The result of this study contributes to the comprehension of the structure of the A and B genomes and the broadening of the gene pool of the cultivated peanut. (Texte intégral

Interspecific introgression and trait dissection in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) : W336

Cultivated peanut is originating from South-America and has become very important for many economies and populations in Asia and Africa. It emerged from a single event of allotetraploidization that gave rise to a limited diversity at the DNA level. Peanut wild relatives represent an important source of novel alleles that could be used to broaden the genetic basis of the cultigen. Using a synthetic amphidiploid as donor parent new interspecific populations have been developed with an improved variety cultivated in Senegal. An advanced backcross (AB-QTL) population was first used to conduct a QTL study for several traits involved in peanut productivity and adaptation. A total of 95 QTLs were detected, about half of them showing positive effects associated with the wild allele. We then produced a set of 122 Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSL) that globally incorporate the whole genome of the wild donor as overlapping segments introgressed in the recipient cultivar. As a demonstration of the utility of these lines, four morphological traits were evaluated on a subset of 80 CSSLs. A detailed analysis of one of these traits, plant growth habit, showed that it is complex and governed by several QTLs with various effects. The comparison of the number of QTLs mapped for growth habit between CSSLs and AB-QTL showed the higher efficiency of the CSSL population and its interest for QTLs validation, breeding and gene discovery. (Résumé d'auteur

Evidence of mixed disomic and polysomic inheritance in allotetraploid peanut. [P1034]

Cultivated peanut and wild synthetic are allotetraploid (2n=4x=40) with two homeologous sets of chromosomes. Genetic mapping in tetraploid peanut is usually performed considering a diploid-like meiotic behavior. However, a recent study points out the occurrence of partial tetrasomic behavior. In this study, we investigated the meiotic inheritance of the allotetraploid peanut using 380 SSR markers and 93 F2 progenies derived from the cross between Arachis hypogaea cv Fleur11 (AABB) and ISATGR278/18 (AAKK), a wild synthetic with a K genome reported to pair with the cultivated B genome during meiosis. As results, the analysis of the segregation for 34 SSR markers, revealed unexpected null band among some progenies, unexplainable under disomic inheritance. Chi-square tests for these loci indicated a 1:34:1 segregation ratio consistent with a tetrasomic inheritance rather than the 1:2:1 Mendelian ratio for disomic inheritance. A linkage map was constructed. It consists of 365 loci aligned into 20 linkage groups (LGs) with a total length of 1928 cM, averaging 5.1 cM between markers. Interestingly, among the ten homeologous sets of LGs, one set consisted of markers that all segregate in a tetrasomic pattern, 6 in a likely disomic pattern and the 3 remaining in a mixed pattern with disomic and tetrasomic loci, clustered on the same LG. Our findings provided evidence that the meiotic behavior of allotetraploid peanut is neither fully disomic nor fully tetrasomic, but rather mixed. In addition, we reported a conversion of homeologous chromosomes for some progenies. This opens new horizons for peanut breeding. (Texte intégral