Coupling mechanisms between the contralateral legs of a walking insect (Carausius morosus)

Cruse H, Knauth A. Coupling mechanisms between the contralateral legs of a walking insect (Carausius morosus). The journal of experimental biology. 1989;144(1):199-213.Interactions between contralateral legs of stick insects during walking were examined in the absence of mechanical coupling between the legs by studying animals walking on a horizontal plane covered with a thin film of silicone oil. Investigations of undisturbed walks showed that contralateral coupling is weaker han ipsilateral coupling. Two types of influence were found, (i) For each pair of front, middle and rear legs, when one leg started a retraction movement, the probability for the contralateral leg to start a protraction was increased, (ii) For front- and hind-leg pairs, it was found that the probability of starting a protraction in one leg was also increased, the farther the other leg was moved backwards during retraction. Whether such influences exist between middle legs could not be determined. Both ‘excitatory’ mechanisms very much resemble those influences which have been found to exist between ipsilateral legs. However, in contrast to ipsilateral legs, the interaction between two contralateral legs was found to act in both directions

An application of open-system ^(18)O/^(16)O exchange kinetics to the Valhalla metamorphic core complex

Whole-rock, quartz, and felspar oxigen isotope analysis of samples collected from the Valhalla metamorphic comples in SE British Columbia show evidence for large-scale fluid-rock interaction related to detachment faulting

A hexapod walker using a heterarchical architecture for action selection

Schilling M, Paskarbeit J, Hoinville T, et al. A hexapod walker using a heterarchical architecture for action selection. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience. 2013;7:126.Moving in a cluttered environment with a six-legged walking machine that has additional body actuators, therefore controlling 22 DoFs, is not a trivial task. Already simple forward walking on a flat plane requires the system to select between different internal states. The orchestration of these states depends on walking velocity and on external disturbances. Such disturbances occur continuously, for example due to irregular up-and-down movements of the body or slipping of the legs, even on flat surfaces, in particular when negotiating tight curves. The number of possible states is further increased when the system is allowed to walk backward or when front legs are used as grippers and cannot contribute to walking. Further states are necessary for expansion that allow for navigation. Here we demonstrate a solution for the selection and sequencing of different (attractor) states required to control different behaviors as are forward walking at different speeds, backward walking, as well as negotiation of tight curves. This selection is made by a recurrent neural network (RNN) of motivation units, controlling a bank of decentralized memory elements in combination with the feedback through the environment. The underlying heterarchical architecture of the network allows to select various combinations of these elements. This modular approach representing an example of neural reuse of a limited number of procedures allows for adaptation to different internal and external conditions. A way is sketched as to how this approach may be expanded to form a cognitive system being able to plan ahead. This architecture is characterized by different types of modules being arranged in layers and columns, but the complete network can also be considered as a holistic system showing emergent properties which cannot be attributed to a specific module

Effectively Advising Students Transitioning Majors

Students often feel unprepared for the academic demands of their chosen majors and can experience a lack of sufficient support from advisory practices, in turn feeling overwhelmed in their academic journey (Cody, 2024). Guided by extrinsic and intrinsic motivations alongside their personal orientations, major changes can affect a student’s retention to a school or the higher education institution as a whole (Soria & Stebleton, 2013; Gillis & Ryberg, 2021). To address this challenge, I developed a training program for faculty advisors in Effectively Advising Students Transitioning (EAST) majors. In doing so, I will train faculty to appropriately navigate and effectively support student major transitions as a collaborative unit through a student mentorship program and a toolkit of advising pathways

Is the position of the femur tibia joint under feedback control in the walking stick insect?: I. Force measurements

Cruse H. Is the position of the femur tibia joint under feedback control in the walking stick insect?: I. Force measurements. The journal of experimental biology. 1981;92(1):87-95

Effectively Advising Students Transitioning (EAST) Majors

Students often feel unprepared for the academic demands of their chosen majors and can experience a lack of sufficient support from advisory practices, in turn feeling overwhelmed in their academic journey (Cody, 2024). Guided by extrinsic and intrinsic motivations alongside their personal orientations, major changes can affect a student’s retention to a school or the higher education institution as a whole (Soria & Stebleton, 2013; Gillis & Ryberg, 2021). To address this challenge, I developed a training program for faculty advisors in Effectively Advising Students Transitioning (EAST) majors. In doing so, I will train faculty to appropriately navigate and effectively support student major transitions as a collaborative unit through a student mentorship program and a toolkit of advising pathways.https://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/rcac_2025_posters/1026/thumbnail.jp

Peripheral influences on the movement of the legs in a walking insect Carausius morosus

Cruse H, Epstein S. Peripheral influences on the movement of the legs in a walking insect Carausius morosus. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 1982;101(1):161-170

A new method measuring leg position of walking crustaceans shows that motor output during return stroke depends upon load

Cruse H, Müller U. A new method measuring leg position of walking crustaceans shows that motor output during return stroke depends upon load. The journal of experimental biology. 1984;110(1):319-322