Detachment folds of the northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: A basis for geometric and kinematic models of detachment folds

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1995Detachment anticlines are defined by mechanically competent rock layers and form both by internal deformation of an adjacent weak layer and detachment above a lower competent unit. This study is important for: (1) Other fold-and-thrust belts. Detachment folds are probably very common in fold-and-thrust belts worldwide, but they are rarely recognized as such and are commonly mistaken for other fold-types. This is partly because a rigorous general model for detachment folds that allows for changes in detachment depth and for fixed-arc length kinematics is lacking in the geologic literature. A general detachment fold model is presented here that: (a) is based on observations of natural folds in the northeastern Brooks Range of Alaska; (b) does not assume constant detachment depth or hinge-migration kinematics and; (c) allows quantification of non-plane strain. The folds observed can be modeled kinematically as fixed-hinge buckle folds, whereas the fold geometry and distribution of strain indicators in each fold precludes the migrating-hinge kinematic interpretation that is common in published models. Layer-parallel shortening, initial fold asymmetry, initial stratigraphic thickness of the incompetent unit, and the nature of rheological gradations each predictably influence fold evolution. This study suggests a general scenario for the evolution of a typical detachment fold. The area defined by a detachment anticline increases rapidly during early stages of folding and this is accompanied by a decrease in depth to detachment beneath synclines and the formation of fixed-hinge parasitic and disharmonic folds. This trend continues until the interlimb angle of the primary fold reaches 90\sp\circ. Increased shortening requires volume-loss in the core and/or an increase in detachment depth beneath the fold. Finally, depending on the rheology of the system, the fold may lock and/or be truncated by a thrust fault. (2) Regional tectonics. The western part of the northeastern Brooks Range is mostly a passive-roof duplex, but this study shows that forward-propagating deformation occurred at various structural positions. (3) Economics. Detachment folds may form petroleum traps that require a treatment different than that for fault-bend or fault-propagation folds. Detachment fold traps may exist beneath the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Reading Aloud with Bilingual Learners: A Fieldwork Project and Its Impact on Mainstream Teacher Candidates

This study describes the components of a field-based Read Aloud Project (RAP) in which teacher candidates create and implement language and literacy rich read-alouds for bilingual learners. In addition, an examination of the impact of such a project on several areas of teacher candidates’ pedagogical expertise reveals that the RAP produces positive learning experiences for teacher candidates and may be worth replicating in other teacher education contexts to support the preparation of linguistically responsive teachers

PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH KOTORAN SAPI DENGAN DIGESTER FIXED DRUM

Biogas is a gas which produced by anaerobic activity or fermentation of organic materials including; human and animal waste, domestic (household) waste, biodegradable waste or any biodegradable organic waste under anaerobic conditions. The main content of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide. Pulau Semambu Village, Inderalaya Utara Subdistrict is a village which area of the expansion of the Tanjung Seteko Main Village, Inderalaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency. This area has a population of 1055 people / 537 households. In accordance with its geographical location, Pulau Semambu Village has sufficient natural resources to support the success of rural communities to improve their standard of living by utilizing land suitable for agriculture, livestock and plantations. In this case, for livestock cattle manure, its utilization have not achieve an optimal condition.The Community Partnership Program aims to produce supply technology and use a biogas fixed drum digester / reactor capacity of 600 liters for household purposes, especially in Pulau Semambu Village, Kec. Inderalaya Utara, Kab. Ogan Illir

Comprehensive Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Recovery, and Health Markers Across Diverse Populations

Background:Creatine supplementation is well-established for its ergogenic benefits, enhancing physical strength, endurance, recovery, and fatigue management across diverse populations. Research highlights its role in mitigating exercise-induced muscle damage and improving health markers, including oxidative stress, hydration, and body composition. This review synthesizes current evidence on creatine's comprehensive effects across varied demographics and activity contexts. Methods:This review examined creatine's effects on performance, recovery, and health markers across athletes, older adults, postmenopausal women, and long COVID patients, analyzing strength, endurance, fatigue, body composition, and biochemical metrics with demographic subgroup analyses. Results:Creatine supplementation improved muscle strength, endurance, and fatigue resistance, especially when combined with resistance training. Benefits included enhanced sprint and jump performance, recovery from muscle damage, and better fatigue management. It also increased lean mass and hydration, reduced oxidative stress, supported bone health, and improved quality of life in clinical populations. Conclusion:Creatine supplementation offers broad benefits for performance, recovery, and health, particularly in athletes, older adults, and clinical populations. Its synergy with resistance training and other supplements underscores its versatility. Future studies should focus on personalized protocols to maximize effectiveness and address individual variability

Counting Unions of Schreier Sets

A subset of natural numbers $F$ is called a Schreier set if $|F|\leqslant \min F$ (where $|F|$ is the cardinality of $F$). Let $\mathcal{S}$ denote the family of Schreier sets. Alistair Bird observed that if $\mathcal{S}^n$ denotes all Schreier sets with maximum element $n$, then $(|\mathcal{S}^n|)_{n=1}^\infty$ is the Fibonacci sequence. In this paper, for each $k\in \mathbb{N}$ we consider the family $k\mathcal{S}$, where each set is the union of $k$ many Schreier sets, and prove that each sequence $(|(k\mathcal{S})^n|)_{n=1}^\infty$ is a linear recurrence sequence and moreover, the recursions themselves can be generated by a simple inductive procedure. Moreover, we develop some more interesting formulas describing the sequence.Comment: comments welcom

The algebraic numerical range as a spectral set in Banach algebras

We investigate when the algebraic numerical range is a C-spectral set in a Banach algebra. While providing several counterexamples based on classical ideas as well as combinatorial Banach spaces, we discuss positive results for matrix algebras and provide an absolute constant in the case of complex 2 × 2-matrices with the induced 1-norm. Furthermore, we discuss positive results for infinite-dimensional Banach algebras, including the Calkin algebra.</p

The algebraic numerical range as a spectral set in Banach algebras

We investigate when the algebraic numerical range is a C-spectral set in a Banach algebra. While providing several counterexamples based on classical ideas as well as combinatorial Banach spaces, we discuss positive results for matrix algebras and provide an absolute constant in the case of complex 2×2-matrices with the induced 1-norm. Furthermore, we discuss positive results for infinite-dimensional Banach algebras, including the Calkin algebra