Crossover of the weighted mean fragment mass scaling in 2D brittle fragmentation

We performed vertical and horizontal sandwich 2D brittle fragmentation experiments. The weighted mean fragment mass was scaled using the multiplicity $\mu$. The scaling exponent crossed over at $\log \mu_c \simeq -1.4$. In the small $\mu (\ll\mu_c)$ regime, the binomial multiplicative (BM) model was suitable and the fragment mass distribution obeyed log-normal form. However, in the large $\mu (\gg\mu_c)$ regime, in which a clear power-law cumulative fragment mass distribution was observed, it was impossible to describe the scaling exponent using the BM model. We also found that the scaling exponent of the cumulative fragment mass distribution depended on the manner of impact (loading conditions): it was 0.5 in the vertical sandwich experiment, and approximately 1.0 in the horizontal sandwich experiment.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Asymptotic function for multi-growth surfaces using power-law noise

Numerical simulations are used to investigate the multiaffine exponent $\alpha_q$ and multi-growth exponent $\beta_q$ of ballistic deposition growth for noise obeying a power-law distribution. The simulated values of $\beta_q$ are compared with the asymptotic function $\beta_q = \frac{1}{q}$ that is approximated from the power-law behavior of the distribution of height differences over time. They are in good agreement for large $q$. The simulated $\alpha_q$ is found in the range $\frac{1}{q} \leq \alpha_q \leq \frac{2}{q+1}$. This implies that large rare events tend to break the KPZ universality scaling-law at higher order $q$.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Performance of various quantum key distribution systems using 1.55 um up-conversion single-photon detectors

We compare the performance of various quantum key distribution (QKD) systems using a novel single-photon detector, which combines frequency up-conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide and a silicon avalanche photodiode (APD). The comparison is based on the secure communication rate as a function of distance for three QKD protocols: the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84), the Bennett, Brassard, and Mermin 1992 (BBM92), and the coherent differential phase shift keying (DPSK). We show that the up-conversion detector allows for higher communication rates and longer communication distances than the commonly used InGaAs/InP APD for all the three QKD protocols.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Megabits secure key rate quantum key distribution

Quantum cryptography (QC) can provide unconditional secure communication between two authorized parties based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. However, imperfect practical conditions limit its transmission distance and communication speed. Here we implemented the differential phase shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) with up-conversion assisted hybrid photon detector (HPD) and achieved 1.3 M bits per second secure key rate over a 10-km fiber, which is tolerant against the photon number splitting (PNS) attack, general collective attacks on individual photons, and any other known sequential unambiguous state discrimination (USD) attacks.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Multiple Interactions in Two-Photon Collisions

We compute cross sections for events where two pairs of partons scatter off each other in the same $\gamma\gamma$ reaction, giving rise to at least 3 high--{\mbox{$p_T^{}$}} jets. Unlike in {\mbox{$p \bar p$}}\ collisions we find the signal to lie well above the background from higher order QCD processes. If the usual ``eikonaliztion" assumption is correct, the signal should be readily observable at LEP2, and might already be detectable in data taken at TRISTAN.Comment: 8 pages, plain LaTeX, 2 figures (not included). A compressed PS file of the entire paper, including figures, can be obtained via anonymous ftp from ftp://phenom.physics.wisc.edu/pub/preprints/1995/madph-95-921.ps.

Comparison of Niskin vs. in situ approaches for analysis of gene expression in deep Mediterranean Sea water samples

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 129 (2016): 213-222, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.10.020.Obtaining an accurate picture of microbial processes occurring in situ is essential for our understanding of marine biogeochemical cycles of global importance. Water samples are typically collected at depth and returned to the sea surface for processing and downstream experiments. Metatranscriptome analysis is one powerful approach for investigating metabolic activities of microorganisms in their habitat and which can be informative for determining responses of microbiota to disturbances such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. For studies of microbial processes occurring in the deep sea, however, sample handling, pressure, and other changes during sample recovery can subject microorganisms to physiological changes that alter the expression profile of labile messenger RNA. Here we report a comparison of gene expression profiles for whole microbial communities in a bathypelagic water column sample collected in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea using Niskin bottle sample collection and a new water column sampler for studies of marine microbial ecology, the Microbial Sampler – In Situ Incubation Device (MS-SID). For some taxa, gene expression profiles from samples collected and preserved 33 in situ were significantly different from potentially more stressful Niskin sampling and 34 preservation on deck. Some categories of transcribed genes also appear to be affected by sample 35 handling more than others. This suggests that for future studies of marine microbial ecology, 36 particularly targeting deep sea samples, an in situ sample collection and preservation approach 37 should be considered.This research was funded by NSF OCE-1061774 to VE and CT, NSF DBI-0424599 to CT and NSF OCE-0849578 to VE and colleague J. Bernhard. Cruise participation was partially supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant STO414/10-1 to T. Stoeck

Clinical, histopathological, and molecular features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma carrying the t(X;14) (p11;q32)/GPR34-immunoglobulin heavy chain gene

YesTenri Foundatio

Field test of quantum key distribution in the Tokyo QKD Network

A novel secure communication network with quantum key distribution in a metropolitan area is reported. Different QKD schemes are integrated to demonstrate secure TV conferencing over a distance of 45km, stable long-term operation, and application to secure mobile phones.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figure