Is Twenty-two Months Beyond the Best Interest of the Child? ASFA\u27s Guidelines for the Termination of Parental Rights

This Note first discusses the legal precedents, child development theories, and policies regarding reasonable efforts and parental termination that led to the enactment of ASFA. Next, it examines Illinois\u27s and New York\u27s different responses to ASFA. It also introduces the debate over congregate care as an alternative for those children who may never be returned to a parent\u27s care, but whom are unlikely to be adopted. Lastly, it argues that the New York system is more workable than the Illinois system given the complexities of the foster care system. This Note concludes by arguing the federal government\u27s rigid time frame for parental termination is overly simplistic because it makes it difficult for decision makers to account for various individual circumstances

Analysing regulatory systems in mixed public-private health systems: a new assessment tool and its application in India

Health systems in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Asia-Pacific region can be characterised as mixed public-private systems, with common features such as blurred boundaries between public and private sectors, low government investment in public services and ineffectual policies and institutions for regulating health care.As a result, they encounter a range of performance issues, including poor quality and inequitable coverage of health services, health providers who exploit their market position for personal gain and high out-of-pocket expenditure for users, particularly the poor.Such problems reflect failures in the regulation of health care providers. However, in LMICs there is often little information on the specific nature of these failures or their causes to guide national and sub-national authorities in strengthening the regulation of their health systems.The Nossal Institute for Global Health and the Public Health Foundation of India collaborated in the development of a structured assessment tool that can be used to describe and assess regulatory systems and organisations and to identify gaps in the design, and failures in the implementation, of regulatory systems. The tool was then tested by assessing the regulatory systems at two sites in India with very different demographics and health care systems: Madhya Pradesh and Delhi.&nbsp

Demonstration Application of Algorithms for Closed Areas Filling in 2D

Tato práce se zabývá postupy použitými při vyplňování uzavřených oblastí ve 2D. V dokumentu jsou popsány algoritmy, které se k tomuto účelu nejčastěji využívají. Text popisuje obě hlavní skupiny těchto metod, tedy algoritmy vektorové i algoritmy rastrové. Jsou zde popsány klady a zápory jednotlivých vyplňovacích metod. Pro některé algoritmy jsou zde rovněž uvedeny optimalizace, nebo další možnosti jejich implementace. Další část tohoto textu se zabývá popisem implementace uvedeným metod s možností krokování jejich postupu. Závěr textu se věnuje popisu tříd, které jsou použité v aplikaci. Je zde také popsáno grafické uživatelské rozhraní.This thesis describes methods used for filling closed areas in 2D. This text describes the most frequently used algorithms for this task. The first part of thesis describes both the main groups, vector algorithms and raster algorithms. Positives and negatives of these algorithms are described. For few of these algorithms is also mentioned how to optimize this algorithms or how to implement them using a different way. Next part of this text describes implementation of these algorithms for purpose of tracing them into. Last part of this text describes classes used in application. Also graphic user interface is described here.

Günther Natho zum 75. Geburtstag

Anfang Januar diesen Jahres versammelte sich in Wanzleben eine Gruppe von Personen mit den verschiedensten Berufen aber einem gemeinsamen Anliegen. Alle, auf direkte oder indirekte Art und Weise, haupt- oder ehrenamtlich, mit dem Naturschutz verbunden, waren gekommen, um Günter Natho zu seinem am 25.12.2000 begangenen 75. Geburtstag zu gratulieren und ihn zu ehren

Design of frequency filters with active current elements

Tato bakalářská práce je věnována návrhu kmitočtových filtrů s proudovými aktivními prvky. V úvodní části se věnuji popisu základních vlastností a dělení filtrů. Dále jsou pak uvedeny některé možnosti postupu při navrhování takového filtru. Prvek CMI (Current Mirror and Inverter) se jeví jako nejvhodnější možnost řešení pro aplikace pracující v čistě proudovém módu. Název tohoto prvku by se dal přeložit jako Proudové zrcadlo a invertor, což i plně vystihuje jeho funkci. K návrhovým účelům slouží jeho zobecněná verze GCMI. Konkrétněji je v této práci popsána metoda návrhu pomocí autonomního obvodu vycházející z plné admitanční sítě s jedním i se dvěma aktivními prvky CMI. Z každé admitanční sítě je vždy odvozeno několik autonomních obvodů s minimálně čtyřmi pasivními prvky. Jednotlivé autonomní obvody jsou pak spolu s jejich charakteristickou rovnicí uvedeny v přehledné tabulce. Na závěr je ukázán návrh vybraného multifunkčního kmitočtového filtru pracujícího jak v proudovém tak v napěťovém módu i s jednotlivými charakteristikami pro jeho různé přenosové funkce.This bachelor's thesis deal with designing frequency filters with current active elements. Preamble is devoted to description of basic properties and division of filters. Next part presents some way of designing frequency filter. The element CMI (Current Mirror and Inverter) seems like optimal possible solution for application working in purely current mode. To design purposes serves generalized version GCMI. This thesis describes way of designing the autonomous circuit based on full admitance nets with one and two active elements CMI. Several autonomous circuits with four or five passive elements are derived from every admitance network. Individual autonomous circuits are then presented in chart with their characteristic equation. In conclusion is shown design of selected multifunction frequency filter working in current mode as in voltage mode together with characterization for its various transmission functions.

Meteorological influence on the seasonal and diurnal variability of the dispersion of volcanic emissions in Nicaragua: a numerical model

Nicaragua comprises seven historically active volcanoes (Cosigüina, San Cristobal, Telica, Cerro Negro, Momotombo, Masaya, and Concepcion), five of which are in a state of continuous degassing. Published measurements of the atmospheric dispersion of continuous emissions from Nicaraguan volcanoes, the chemical and aerosol microphysical modifications of the released gases and aerosols, and related acid deposition and impacts on the environment cover only short periods of time. We applied a three-dimensional atmosphere-chemistry/aerosol numerical model over Central America focussing on Nicaraguan volcanic emissions for month long simulation periods during the dry and wet seasons of 2003. The model is able to reproduce observed monthly precipitation and wind speed throughout the year 2003. Model results for near surface SO2 concentrations and SO2 dry deposition fluxes around Masaya volcano are in very good agreement with field measurements. During the dry season, oxidation of SO2 to sulphate plays only a minor role downwind of the Nicaraguan volcanoes and over the Pacific Ocean, whereas SO2 released from Arenal and Poas in Costa Rica is oxidised to sulphate much faster and closer to the volcanoes due to higher humidity and cloud water availability. During the wet season, more variable wind conditions lead to reduced dispersion of SO2 over the Pacific Ocean and increased dispersion inland. The availability of liquid water in the atmosphere favours sulphate formation close to the Nicaraguan volcanoes via aqueous phase oxidation and represents another limitation for the dispersion of SO2. Strong precipitation removes sulphate quickly from the atmosphere by wet deposition. Atmospheric SO2 concentrations and in particular dry deposition close to the volcanoes show a pronounced diurnal cycle