Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Saturation on Broiler Chickens Subjected to High Ambient Temperatures

The effects of dietary fat with various fatty acid saturations on physiological response, performance, carcass fatty acid deposition, and immune response and disease resistance in heat stressed broiler chicks were studied. Day old male broilers chicks (Cobb) were brooded and consequently maintained at 24 * 1°C in an environmentally controlled house. All the chicks were fed a starter ration without added fat. On day 2 1 onwards, equal numbers of chicks were provided isocaloric and isonitrogenous finisher diets containing different oil sources namely 8% menhaden fish oil (FO), 8% soybean oil (SO), 8% coconut oil (CO), 8% palm oil (PO) or no added fat (control). From day 28 to 41, all birds were exposed to 36 k 1°C for 2 hlday. Following 14 days of the heat challenge, the PO birds had greater body weights than the other three groups. The control and PO birds were less hyperthermic and had smaller increases in heterophiVlymphocyte ratio than those provided FO, SO and CO diets. Although the mortality rate of PO birds was higher than the control, it was lower than their FO, SO and CO counterparts. Diets rich in saturated fatty acids (CO) increased abdominal fat and crude fat per cent of thigh meat as compared to diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (SO and FO). Tissue fatty acid deposition was significantly different according to dietary oil sources, specific to tissue type, fatty acid structure, and the amount of deposition was not proportional to its intake. Broilers fed 8% fish oil showed higher concentration of long-chain n-3 PUFA (EPA and DHA) in the meat tissue than other counterparts. High inclusion levels of dietary PUFA could provide the recommended polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio in meat tissue of broilers under high ambient temperatures. Broiler chicks (Cobb) were used to study dietary self-selection of fat under high ambient temperatures. Commencing from day 21, chicks were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: (1) diet with 8% palm oil (PO); (2) diet with 8% soybean oil (SO); (3) diet without added fat (control); and (4) a choice of PO, SO and control (CH). From day 28 to 41, all birds were exposed to 34 * 1°C continuously. High addition of palm oil but not soybean oil improved survivability and reduced senun creatine kinase levels of broiler chickens during heat exposure. On day 41, the body weights of PO, SO and CH birds were greater than controls. Although the intake of control, PO and SO diets was similar during heat exposure, the CH birds had a lower creatine kinase activity and mortality rate than those provided SO diet but not significantly different fkom those fed control and PO diets. It was concluded that a high addition of palm oil but not soybean oil is beneficial to heat-stressed broiler chickens. Selfselection of high fat diet can allow birds to match their physiological requirement under heat stress conditions. The effects of dietary a-linolenic and linoleic fatty acid on disease resistance and immune response of heat-stressed broiler chicks (Cobb) were investigated. From day 21 onwards, broiler chicks were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous finisher diets containing either 8% palm oil (neither rich in linolenic or linoleic acid), 8% soybean oil (rich in linoleic acid) and 8% flaxseed oil (rich in linolenic acid). All birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease on day 7 and 21. From day . . - . . - - 36 to 50, equal numbers of birds fkom each dietary group were exposed to 38 * t°C and 80% relative humidity for 2 hiday. The remaining birds were maintained under 24 * 1 "C. Feed and water were not provided throughout the heat challenge period. On day 37, all chicks were intranasally challenged with an infectious bursal disease vaccine, V877 strain (Malaysia Vaccine and Pharmaceuticals Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). Bursal samples were taken for histopathological examination, determination of viral RNA and fatty acid analysis. Significantly less viral replications were detected in both heated and non-heated broiler chicks fed did containing 8% flaxseed oil on day 7 post infection. Broiler chicks fed 8% palm oil showed significantly higher viral replications on day 7 post infection under both lower and higher ambient temperatures. Mortality, hetemphil/lymphocyte ratio, antibody production and bursal lesion scores were not significantly affected which suggests that palm oil may enhance tolerance to infectious bursal disease under both ambient temperatures

Distributed Preemptive Process Management With Checkpointing And Migration For A Linux-Based Grid Operating System

Kemunculan perkomputeran grid telah membolehkan perkongsian sumber perkomputeran teragih antara peserta-peserta organisasi maya. Walau bagaimanapun, sistem pengoperasian kini tidak memberi sokongan paras rendah secukupnya untuk perlaksanaan perisian grid. Kemunculan suatu kelas sistem pengoperasian yang dipanggil sistem pengoperasian grid memberikan pengabstrakan peringkat sistem untuk sumber-sumber grid The advent of grid computing has enabled distributed computing resources to be shared amongst participants of virtual organisations. However, current operating systems do not adequately provide enough low-level facilities to accommodate grid software. There is an emerging class of operating systems called grid operating systems which provide systemslevel abstractions for grid resources

The Role of the Collector in Froth Flotation

The importance of the polar-non-polar structure in the collector molecule is explained and a review is made of the present state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of collection in froth flotation. Using the bubble column, the froth stabilities of the lower fatty acids, which possess low collecting power, are compared and the results discussed with respect to the concentration at the air-liquid interface. Preliminary flotation tests are carried out on the variation in recovery of barytes with time of collection, rate of air flow, pulp density, and particles size, in a laboratory flotation cell to obtain the optimum conditions for later experiments. Tests on flotation of purified natural barytes with fatty acids and sodium soaps indicate that a complete monolayer of the collector is not necessary for maximum flotation and that adsorption of acid anion and not the formation of barium salt of the acid is responsible for collection. Physical adsorption of the fatty acid anion takes place with the hydrogen ions as counter ions. The effect of pH on flotation with caprylic acid, sodium caprylace, and lauric acid, is studied. The presence of the anions, hydroxyl, carbonate, and sulphate ions, is found to depress the flotation while the cations, barium ions, bring about activation. Hydrogen and ferric ions, however, depress the flotation. The part played by these ions is discussed. An investigation is made of the adsorption of ferric ions on natural barytes and pure barium sulphate. From the findings, a hypothesis on the mode of the adsorption and its relation to the depressing action, is put forward. Flotation of pure barium sulphate with sodium laurate is compared with that of natural barytes using the Hallimond Tube. Exploratory tests are done on the adsorption of the lower fatty acids on pyrites, silica, and barytes. The pH and the potentiometric titration methods indicate unimolecular adsorption of these acids on pyrites and barytes. The nitrogen adsorption method, Rigden's water permeability method, and the Lea and Nurse air permeability method are used for measuring the surface areas of the powders tested. The applicability of these three methods to flotation research is discussed

Hvordan er forskjellene i selskapets oppfattede verdier på tjenester levert av Business Inkubatorer og Næringhager? Hensyn for å fremme disse verdiene.

Masteroppgave i innovasjon og entrepenørskap, Institutt for økonomi og administrasjon, Høgskulen på Vestlandet, campus BergenIn Norway, there are a lot of business companies and the institutions that help the companies by providing necessary facilitations and mentoring so that those companies can operate effectively, survive, and get growth in the future. The companies including the established and start-ups firms get the services from the institutions, Business Incubators, and Industry Gardens. This research will try to find out especially the differences between the perceived values of companies affiliating to Business Incubators and those of Industry Gardens on the services provided. It will analyze how and why those differences are occurring and the impact of those differences, but at the same time the similar values and total values of both are viewed as well if those are sufficiently stimulating to be evaluated and analyzed. So, it can be said that the research is approaching from demand side of services and analyzing on the same level, that is, firm level, not institution level. The paper will use only the quantity method for this study by using survey data and report carried out by SIVA in 2017. Based on all those findings, the paper will try to contribute the considerations for improving these services and perceived values as much as possible from different aspects and perspectives. In my view, it is firmly believed that the results of these efforts will fulfill the facts, thinking and suggestions to the required area of Norwegian business world one or another way beneficially.INN59

Role and Function of Turban (Gaung Baung) in Yadanarbon Period (1878-1885)

This study emphasizes role and function of turban (gaung baung) in Yadanarbon period (1878-1885). The aim is to explore Gaung Baung worn by royal families during Yadanarbon period and especially, to describe the different styles of wearing depending on the statuses. The specific objects are to highlight the background history of Gaung Baung in Yadanarbon period and to analyze and describe the styles of Gaung Baung during Yadanarbon period. In Yadanarbon period (1878-1885), this traditional custom of wearing turban and wrapping headband, from dynasties to dynasties, are seen evidences. During those periods, the wearing styles were different depending on various ranks and statuses such as king, princes, kings’ counsellor, chiefs, dukes, dominions, clerks, ordinary citizens, etc. In doing so, people used to wear dress patterns that would match their statuses, together with Gaung Baung. The custom of wearing turban (Gaung Baung) has been handed down generations to generations throughout the history of Myanmar traditional costume up till now

The Epigraphic Archive of Arakan/Rakhine State (Myanmar): A Survey.

International audienc

Effects of the Ratio of Dietary Fish Meal to Soybean Meal on the Performance of Broiler Chicks

A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with a total of 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks which were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five replicates into 20 pens and brooded. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. From day old chick to 21 day, the broiler chicks were fed Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (3% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 10) was served as control diet, Diet 3 (2% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.5% fish meal and 30% soybean meal, 1: 20). From day 22 onwards, the broiler chicks were fed finisher diet, Diet 1 (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal, 1: 5), Diet 2 (2.6% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 10, serve as control diet, Diet 3 (1.8% fish meal and 27% soybean meal, 1: 15) and Diet 4 (1.3% fish meal and 26% soybean meal, 1: 20). Weekly performances and mortality are measured. By feeding FS5 diet (5% fish meal and 25% soybean meal), the heavier body weight, increased feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks was observed when compared to that of other treatment groups. Conclusively, it is obvious that the ratio of dietary fish meal to soybean meal 1: 5 (FS5) improved body weight but the lower feed efficiency of this diet should be considered in economical point of view

empirical study base on ASEAN countries

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2017Myanmar is the second largest country, has abundance of natural resource, cultural heritages, different kind of tourist attraction, among the ASEAN countries. Investment and infrastructure development have positive relationship between tourism sector development. This paper empirically investigates whether the investment and infrastructure led-growth hyposthesis holds for the ASEAN countries for the period of 2004-2014. A panel data approach is utilized and coefficient estimates are obtaining by using Pooled OLS model, fixed-effects model ans random effect model. As a result, the hyposthesis that investment and infrastructure is conductive to tourism sector development, dependency ratios of dependence and independence variables are verifying base on regression results. As a conclusion, over view of the tourism master plan of Myanmar 2013 to 2020 and policy recommendations for Myanmar’s tourism industry have been conducted base on empirical result, literatures and reports of world tourism organizations in this research.1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 DATA AND METHODOLOGY 4 Empirical Results 5 Policy Recommendation For Myanmar and ConclusionmasterpublishedShar HTIN

Integrated Microfinance Services And Well-Being of Households in Salin Township (Htin Lin Maw, 2023)

This study aims to examine the integrated microfinance services provided by Pact Global Microfinance Fund (PGMF) in Sa Lin Township and to analyze the effect of the integrated microfinance services on the well-being of households in Sa Lin Township. The study used the descriptive method and simple random sampling method to explore the objectives. Quantitative research methods and multiple linear regression methods are used for data analysis. For primary data, a structured questionnaire is used to collect data from 388 households out of 13,660 households in Sa Lin township using the Taro Yamane Formula (1973). Secondary data were collected from textbooks, previous international research papers, periodical journals, documents, and reports of PGMF. In this study, integrated microfinance services mean a combination of financial services and non-financial services. Financial services include loan services, savings services, and the Beneficiary Welfare Program. Non-financial services include nonformal business education and health care services. According to the survey results, the significant factors affecting the effect of integrated microfinance services on the wellbeing of households are savings services from financial services and non-formal business education and health care services from non-financial services. According to the survey results, microfinance institutions (MFIs) need to raise awareness of loan services and beneficial welfare programs to help improve the living standards of people in their respective implementation towns