The role of social capital in the development of chinese family business: the case of Chengxin Group

JEL: M10With the further deepening of economic globalization, Chinese family business will face more intense competitive market environment. In order to survive and develop, they must continue to carry out activities with independent innovation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, a basic and important question is how the family business achieves the sustainable development, the ongoing success of innovation, entrepreneurial activities and ultimately realizing their own diversified development? This study is based on the relevant research, following the idea of "social capital - resources- enterprise development" and made the "social capital of family business and enterprise development" as the research's main line. By the in-depth analysis of the development process of Chengxin Group, this study put forward that social capital is an intangible resources and productive elements which cannot be ignored in the development process of family business. By embedding in the organization and individual entrepreneurs, social capital affects the governance and development direction of family business.Com o aprofundamento da globalização, as empresas familiares chinesas enfrentarão uma maior concorrência. Para que possam sobreviver e crescer, devem continuar a desenvolver atividades inovadoras e empreendedoras. Contudo, uma questão importante a colocar é como as empresas familiares conseguem um desenvolvimento sustentável no quadro da inovação, de atividades empreendedoras e diversificação das suas atividades? Esta tese tem por base a teoria “capital social- recursos-desenvolvimento da empresa” e investiga o papel do capital social no desenvolvimento das empresas familiares. Baseando-se no estudo da empresa familiar Chengxin Group, esta tese confirma que o capital social constitui um ativo muito importante no desenvolvimento das empresas familiares. Embrenhando-se na empresa e nos empresários, o capital socialafeta o modo de governança das empresas familiares

The role of social capital in the development of Chinese family business: The case of Chengxin Group

With the further deepening of economic globalization, Chinese family business will face more intense competitive market environment. In order to survive and develop, they must continue to carry out activities with independent innovation and entrepreneurship. Therefore, a basic and important question is how the family business achieves the sustainable development, the ongoing success of innovation, entrepreneurial activities and ultimately realizing their own diversified development? This study is based on the relevant research, following the idea of "social capital - resources- enterprise development" and made the "social capital of family business and enterprise development" as the research's main line. By the in-depth analysis of the development process of Chengxin Group, this study put forward that social capital is an intangible resources and productive elements which cannot be ignored in the development process of family business. By embedding in the organization and individual entrepreneurs, social capital affects the governance and development direction of family business.Com o aprofundamento da globalização, as empresas familiares chinesas enfrentarão uma maior concorrência. Para que possam sobreviver e crescer, devem continuar a desenvolver atividades inovadoras e empreendedoras. Contudo, uma questão importante a colocar é como as empresas familiares conseguem um desenvolvimento sustentável no quadro da inovação, de atividades empreendedoras e diversificação das suas atividades? Esta tese tem por base a teoria “capital social- recursos-desenvolvimento da empresa” e investiga o papel do capital social no desenvolvimento das empresas familiares. Baseando-se no estudo da empresa familiar Chengxin Group, esta tese confirma que o capital social constitui um ativo muito importante no desenvolvimento das empresas familiares. Embrenhando-se na empresa e nos empresários, o capital socialafeta o modo de governança das empresas familiares

Dorsomorphin, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of BMP Signaling, Promotes Cardiomyogenesis in Embryonic Stem Cells

Background: Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells, which have the capacity to give rise to all tissue types in the body, show great promise as a versatile source of cells for regenerative therapy. However, the basic mechanisms of lineage specification of pluripotent stem cells are largely unknown, and generating sufficient quantities of desired cell types remains a formidable challenge. Small molecules, particularly those that modulate key developmental pathways like the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade, hold promise as tools to study in vitro lineage specification and to direct differentiation of stem cells toward particular cell types. Methodology/Principal Findings: We describe the use of dorsomorphin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of BMP signaling, to induce myocardial differentiation in mouse ES cells. Cardiac induction is very robust, increasing the yield of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes by at least 20 fold. Dorsomorphin, unlike the endogenous BMP antagonist Noggin, robustly induces cardiomyogenesis when treatment is limited to the initial 24-hours of ES cell differentiation. Quantitative-PCR analyses of differentiating ES cells indicate that pharmacological inhibition of BMP signaling during the early critical stage promotes the development of the cardiomyocyte lineage, but reduces the differentiation of endothelial, smooth muscle, and hematopoietic cells. Conclusions/Significance: Administration of a selective small molecule BMP inhibitor during the initial stages of ES cell differentiation substantially promotes the differentiation of primitive pluripotent cells toward the cardiomyocytic lineage, apparently at the expense of other mesodermal lineages. Small molecule modulators of developmental pathways like dorsomorphin could become versatile pharmacological tools for stem cell research and regenerative medicine

Dirac Cosmology and the Acceleration of the Contemporary Universe

A model is suggested to unify the Einstein GR and Dirac Cosmology. There is one adjusted parameter $b_2$ in our model. After adjusting the parameter $b_2$ in the model by using the supernova data, we have calculated the gravitational constant $\bar G$ and the physical quantities of $a(t)$, $q(t)$ and $\rho_r(t)/ \rho_b(t)$ by using the present day quantities as the initial conditions and found that the equation of state parameter $w_{\theta}$ equals to -0.83, the ratio of the density of the addition creation $\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.8$ and the ratio of the density of the matter including multiplication creation, radiation and normal matter $\Omega_m =0.2$ at present. The results are self-consistent and in good agreement with present knowledge in cosmology. These results suggest that the addition creation and multiplication creation in Dirac cosmology play the role of the dark energy and dark matter.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Application of Nanotechnology in Post-treatment of Automobile Tail Gas Nitrogen Oxides

Nano-catalyst has a very high catalytic activity and has a good prospect in automobile exhaust gas purifi cation. Thispaper summarizes the research status of nano-scale automobile exhaust gas purifi cation catalytic materials in recentyears, focusing on the analysis of the structure and performance of several components in the tail gas catalyst afternano-scale, and discusses its existing problems and application trends

Resource-Efficient Real-Time Polarization Compensation for MDI-QKD with Rejected Data

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) closes all the security loopholes in the detection system and is a promising solution for secret key sharing. Polarization encoding is the most common QKD encoding scheme, as it is straightforward to prepare and measure. However, implementing polarization encoding in MDI QKD imposes extra challenges, as polarization alignment must be maintained over both mutually unbiased bases and be maintained for both paths (Alice-Charlie and Bob-Charlie). Polarization alignment is usually done by interrupting the QKD process (reducing overall key generation rates) or using additional classical laser sources multiplexed with quantum channels for polarization alignment. Since low key rates and cost are the two most pressing challenges preventing wide adoption of QKD systems, using additional resources or reducing key rates runs contrary to making QKD commercially viable. Therefore, we propose and implement a novel polarization compensation scheme in the MDI-QKD system that avoids the aforementioned drawbacks by recycling part of discarded detection events. Our scheme evaluates the polarization drift in real-time based on single measurements corresponding to decoy intensities. Our fully automated experimental demonstration maintains the average polarization drift below 0.13 rad over 40 km of spooled fibre (without an insulating jacket) for at least four hours. The average quantum bit error rate is 3.8$\%$, and we achieved an average key rate of $7.45\times 10^{-6}$ bits per pulse.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures and 3 table