The Role Of N.G.O.S In U.S. Ratification Of Human Rights Treaties

The United States has been ambivalent in its attitude toward the United Nations and toward human rights in particular. On the one hand United States legal experts have been instrumental in helping to craft the United Nations Covenants and Conventions

Arctic Standards: Recommendations on Oil Spill Prevention, Response, and Safety in the U.S. Arctic Ocean

Oil spilled in Arctic waters would be particularly difficult to remove. Current technology has not been proved to effectively clean up oil when mixed with ice or when trapped under ice. An oil spill would have a profoundly adverse impact on the rich and complex ecosystem found nowhere else in the United States. The Arctic Ocean is home to bowhead, beluga, and gray whales; walruses; polar bears; and other magnificent marine mammals, as well as millions of migratory birds. A healthy ocean is important for these species and integral to the continuation of hunting and fishing traditions practiced by Alaska Native communities for thousands of years.To aid the United States in its efforts to modernize Arctic technology and equipment standards, this report examines the fierce Arctic conditions in which offshore oil and gas operations could take place and then offers a summary of key recommendations for the Interior Department to consider as it develops world-class, Arctic-specific regulatory standards for these activities. Pew's recommendations call for improved technology,equipment, and procedural requirements that match the challenging conditions in the Arctic and for full public participation and transparency throughout the decision-making process. Pew is not opposed to offshore drilling, but a balance must be achieved between responsible energy development and protection of the environment.It is essential that appropriate standards be in place for safety and for oil spill prevention and response in this extreme, remote, and vulnerable ecosystem. This report recommends updating regulations to include Arctic specific requirements and codifying temporary guidance into regulation. The appendixes to this report provide substantially more detail on the report's recommendations, including technical background documentation and additional referenced materials. Please refer to the full set of appendixes for a complete set of recommendations. This report and its appendixes offer guidelines for responsible hydrocarbon development in the U.S. Arctic Ocean

Teaching Self-Esteem To Improve Performance In Eighth Grade Basic Earth Science

Low performance in a basic eighth-grade earth science class was addressed by a one-class-period per week self-esteem unit presented by the writer and daily positive self-concept reinforcement methods implemented by the regular classroom teacher. Students were presented concepts of self-esteem such as self-talk,” “irrational beliefs,” “setting and attaining goals,” and “positive relationships” and participated in discussions concerning their feelings about themselves, school, families, and others. There was a standardized measure of self-esteem pretest and posttest, and student performance was measured via comparison of their earth science grade average between the first and the tenth week. Students improved in both grade point average and in the measure of self-esteem. Appendices include background information on the students and the school, sample assignments, and a display of the results