A Contrastive Study on the C-E Translation of the Verb of Perception zhijian from the Perspective of Subjective Consciousness and Objective Consciousness

Verbs of perception include sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, of which zhijian belongs to sight is very common in literary works, and its semantic meaning also begins to change with the development of time. Based on the original text and two translated versions of the Water Margin, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the translation strategies of zhijian on the basis that Chinese emphasizes subjective consciousness and the mixed consciousness of subjectivity and objectivity, while English stresses objective consciousness with a clear boundary between subjectivity and objectivity. According to previous studies, this paper regroups the appearance of zhijian and divides it into two categories, namely zhijian at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a minor sentence. On the basis of the context and the changing function of zhijian, that is, the function of being a verb and being a discourse marker, it can be concluded that as the meaning of a verb, the real action, the meaning of zhijian is expressed by “seeing”, so translators usually adopt literal translation; while as a discourse marker, it is no longer the main component of sentence structure, but to highlight the following information, translators will adopt deletion, conversion and retaining. It can be seen that translators often need to convert Chinese characterized by subjective consciousness into English dominated by objective consciousness, thus conforming to various meaning of zhijian

Delocalization of d-electrons induced by cation coupling in ultrathin Chevrel-phase NiMo₃S₄ nanosheets for efficient electrochemical water splitting

Chevrel-phase metal sulfides are known to be promising materials for energy conversion and storage applications. However, a detailed understanding of the intrinsic kinetic mechanisms of electrocatalytic bifunctional hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) on NiMo3S4-based Chevrel-phases is lacking. Herein, novel ultrathin self-assembled nanosheets of NiMo3S4 are coupled with transition metal atoms (M/N-NiMo3S4; where M = Co, Fe, and Cu) were formed by a facile hydrothermal approach. Notably, the Co/N-NiMo3S4 electrocatalyst exhibits excellent performance in terms of ultralow overpotentials of 78, 208, 282, and 307 mV at 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2 for the HER; and 186, 204, and 225 mV at 50, 100, and 300 mA cm−2 for the OER, respectively. Experimental and first principle calculations demonstrate that Co atoms coupling with edge Ni atoms results in d‐electron delocalization on Co/N-NiMo3S4, signifying the efficient charge transfer to improve overall water electrolysis. In addition, an upshift in the d‐band center of Co/N-NiMo3S4 can optimize the free energies of a variety of reaction intermediates for water adsorption and dissociation; thereby facilitating the robust alkaline overall water electrolysis at 1.47 V. This work therefore greatly deepens the understanding of the bifunctional hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction of Chevrel-phase electrocatalysts.</p

Delocalization of d-electrons induced by cation coupling in ultrathin Chevrel-phase NiMo₃S₄ nanosheets for efficient electrochemical water splitting

Chevrel-phase metal sulfides are known to be promising materials for energy conversion and storage applications. However, a detailed understanding of the intrinsic kinetic mechanisms of electrocatalytic bifunctional hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) on NiMo3S4-based Chevrel-phases is lacking. Herein, novel ultrathin self-assembled nanosheets of NiMo3S4 are coupled with transition metal atoms (M/N-NiMo3S4; where M = Co, Fe, and Cu) were formed by a facile hydrothermal approach. Notably, the Co/N-NiMo3S4 electrocatalyst exhibits excellent performance in terms of ultralow overpotentials of 78, 208, 282, and 307 mV at 10, 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2 for the HER; and 186, 204, and 225 mV at 50, 100, and 300 mA cm−2 for the OER, respectively. Experimental and first principle calculations demonstrate that Co atoms coupling with edge Ni atoms results in d‐electron delocalization on Co/N-NiMo3S4, signifying the efficient charge transfer to improve overall water electrolysis. In addition, an upshift in the d‐band center of Co/N-NiMo3S4 can optimize the free energies of a variety of reaction intermediates for water adsorption and dissociation; thereby facilitating the robust alkaline overall water electrolysis at 1.47 V. This work therefore greatly deepens the understanding of the bifunctional hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction of Chevrel-phase electrocatalysts.</p

Promoting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reactions Using Advanced Heterostructures for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Battery Applications

In order to facilitate electrochemical oxygen reactions in electrically rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs), there is a need to develop innovative approaches for efficient oxygen electrocatalysts. Due to their reliability, high energy density, material abundance, and ecofriendliness, rechargeable ZABs hold promise as next-generation energy storage and conversion devices. However, the large-scale application of ZABs is currently hindered by the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the development of heterostructure-based electrocatalysts has the potential to surpass the limitations imposed by the intrinsic properties of a single material. This Account begins with an explanation of the configurations of ZABs and the fundamentals of the oxygen electrochemistry of the air electrode. Then, we summarize recent progress with respect to the variety of heterostructures that exploit bifunctional electrocatalytic reactions and overview their impact on ZAB performance. The range of heterointerfacial engineering strategies for improving the ORR/OER and ZAB performance includes tailoring the surface chemistry, dimensionality of catalysts, interfacial charge transfer, mass and charge transport, and morphology. We highlight the multicomponent design approaches that take these features into account to create advanced highly active bifunctional catalysts. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives on this important topic that aim to enhance the bifunctional activity and performance of zinc-air batteries.</p

Microbe-seq : high-throughput, single-microbe genomics with strain resolution, applied to a human gut microbiome

We present Microbe-seq , a high-throughput single-microbe method that yields strain-resolved genomes from complex microbial communities. We encapsulate individual microbes into droplets with microfluidics and liberate their DNA, which we amplify, tag with droplet-specific barcodes, and sequence. We use Microbe-seq to explore the human gut microbiome; we collect stool samples from a single individual, sequence over 20,000 microbes, and reconstruct nearly-complete genomes of almost 100 bacterial species, including several with multiple subspecies strains. We use these genomes to probe genomic signatures of microbial interactions: we reconstruct the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) network within the individual and observe far greater exchange within the same bacterial phylum than between different phyla. We probe bacteria-virus interactions; unexpectedly, we identify a significant in vivo association between crAssphage, an abundant bacteriophage, and a single strain of Bacteroides vulgatus. Microbe-seq contributes high-throughput culture-free capabilities to investigate genomic blueprints of complex microbial communities with single-microbe resolution

Cisatracurium Retards Cell Migration and Invasion Upon Upregulation of p53 and Inhibits the Aggressiveness of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is reported to be the third and fourth, most diagnosed and cause of cancer associated deaths respectively. In 2012 for instance, about 1.4 million new cases were reported, and approximately 700,000 deaths recorded. Survival from CRC is dependent on the stage at which it is diagnosed coupled with appropriate surgical and medical intervention. Cisatracurium is widely used for skeletal muscle relaxation during abdominal surgeries, including bowel and colon surgeries. Recent studies reported that cisatracurium inhibits progression of human cancer cells, however, the mechanisms leading to the inhibition are yet to be completely understood. To elucidate mechanisms resulting particularly in tumor cell growth and metastasis, we developed ex vivo and in in vivo xenograft models of CRC. Cisatracurium caused upregulation of p53 and its down-stream genes and proteins known to regulate proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Genomic analyses of CRC following cisatracurium treatment revealed moderate to high DNA damage, while functional analyses demonstrated significant tumor cells growth regression, as well as repression of migration and invasion. Importantly, cisatracurium increased E-Cadherin and CALD-1 but decreased SNAI-1 and SLUG levels in vitro and in vivo. Together, the findings demonstrate that elevation of p53 upon cisatracurium-induced genomic injury, represent a potential mechanism by which cisatracurium result in the suppression of CRC progression and metastasis

Sodium Fluoride Arrests Renal G2/M Phase Cell-Cycle Progression by Activating ATM-Chk2-P53/Cdc25C Signaling Pathway in Mice

Background/Aims: Excessive fluoride intake can induce cytotoxicity, DNA damage and cell-cycle changes in many tissues and organs, including the kidney. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of fluoride-induced renal cell-cycle changes are not well understood at present. In this study, we used a mouse model to investigate how sodium fluoride (NaF) induces cell-cycle changes in renal cells. Methods: Two hundred forty ICR mice were randomly assigned to four equal groups for intragastric administration of NaF (0, 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg body weight/day) for 42 days. Kidneys were taken to measure changes of the cell-cycle at 21 and 42 days of the experiment, using flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot methods. Results: NaF, at more than 12 mg/kg body weight, induced G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest in the renal cells, which was supported by the finding of significantly increased percentages of renal cells in the G2/M phase. We found also that G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest was accompanied by up-regulation of p-ATM, p-Chk2, p-p53, p-Cdc25C, p-CDK1, p21, and Gadd45a protein expression levels; up-regulation of ATM, Chk2, p53, p21, and Gadd45a mRNA expression levels; down-regulation of CyclinB1, mdm2, PCNA protein expression levels; and down-regulation of CyclinB1, CDK1, Cdc25C, mdm2, and PCNA mRNA expression levels. Conclusion: In this mouse model, NaF, at more than 12 mg/ kg, induced G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest by activating the ATM-Chk2-p53/Cdc25C signaling pathway, which inhibits the proliferation of renal cells and development of the kidney. Activation of the ATM-Chk2-p53/Cdc25C signaling pathway is the mechanism of NaF-induced renal G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest in this model

A Contrastive Study on the C-E Translation of the Verb of Perception zhijian from the Perspective of Subjective Consciousness and Objective Consciousness

Verbs of perception include sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, of which zhijian belongs to sight is very common in literary works, and its semantic meaning also begins to change with the development of time. Based on the original text and two translated versions of the Water Margin, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the translation strategies of zhijian on the basis that Chinese emphasizes subjective consciousness and the mixed consciousness of subjectivity and objectivity, while English stresses objective consciousness with a clear boundary between subjectivity and objectivity. According to previous studies, this paper regroups the appearance of zhijian and divides it into two categories, namely zhijian at the beginning of a sentence and at the beginning of a minor sentence. On the basis of the context and the changing function of zhijian, that is, the function of being a verb and being a discourse marker, it can be concluded that as the meaning of a verb, the real action, the meaning of zhijian is expressed by “seeing”, so translators usually adopt literal translation; while as a discourse marker, it is no longer the main component of sentence structure, but to highlight the following information, translators will adopt deletion, conversion and retaining. It can be seen that translators often need to convert Chinese characterized by subjective consciousness into English dominated by objective consciousness, thus conforming to various meaning of zhijian.</jats:p

objects that fit together can bias attention(MEG experiment)

People are able to detect two objects that can fit together from several objects, and a recent study has shown that this detection is automatic (Guan &amp; Firestone, 2019). However, whether people have an attentional bias toward objects that can fit together and relevant neural mechanism remain unclear. Our research aims to explore whether one piece split from a regular geometric shape can enhance attentional bias toward the remaining piece and find the relationship of the neural activity patterns between the two pieces that can fit together