Symbolic Bisimulation for Probabilistic Systems

International audienceThe paper introduces symbolic bisimulations for a simple probabilistic π-calculus to overcome the infinite branching problem that still exists in checking ground bisimulations between probabilistic systems. Especially the definition of weak (symbolic) bisimulation does not rely on the random capability of adversaries and sug- gests a solution to the open problem on the axiomati- zation for weak bisimulation in the case of unguarded recursion. Furthermore, we present an efficient char- acterization of symbolic bisimulations for the calculus, which allows the ”on-the-fly” instantiation of bound names and dynamic construction of equivalence rela- tions for quantitative evaluation. This directly results in a local decision algorithm that can explore just a minimal portion of the state spaces of probabilistic pro- cesses in question

A Fully Abstract Symbolic Semantics for Psi-Calculi

We present a symbolic transition system and bisimulation equivalence for psi-calculi, and show that it is fully abstract with respect to bisimulation congruence in the non-symbolic semantics. A psi-calculus is an extension of the pi-calculus with nominal data types for data structures and for logical assertions representing facts about data. These can be transmitted between processes and their names can be statically scoped using the standard pi-calculus mechanism to allow for scope migrations. Psi-calculi can be more general than other proposed extensions of the pi-calculus such as the applied pi-calculus, the spi-calculus, the fusion calculus, or the concurrent constraint pi-calculus. Symbolic semantics are necessary for an efficient implementation of the calculus in automated tools exploring state spaces, and the full abstraction property means the semantics of a process does not change from the original

The Relationship between Social Responsibility and Majority Shareholders’ Stock Selling: Considering the Mediation of Investors Tendency

Based on the research object of majority shareholders’ stock selling at the post period of equity division reform, this paper takes 8019 A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market from 2007-2013 as sample, empirically analysis the relationship between social responsibility and majority shareholders’ stock selling, and consider mediation effect of the investor tendency. The study found that from the point of internal governance effect, the better of social responsibility, the lower possibility of majority shareholders’ stock selling. At the same time, the lower of market reduction premium, the lower possibility of majority shareholders’ stock selling, after considering the influence of investors’ tendency, the inhibition effect of social responsibility will be magnified, which means securities market identity with the inhibition effect that comes from the social responsibility caused by listed companies’ internal. Further study found that majority shareholders will avoid stock selling during the period of the social responsibility reporting, and market investors will hold different attitudes toward majority shareholders for their first and continuous stock selling, and on their view, continuous stock selling is a “bad” event

New Multilinear Littlewood--Paley gλ∗g_{\lambda}^{*} Function and Commutator on weighted Lebesgue Spaces

Via the new weight function $A_{\vec p}^{\theta }(\varphi )$, the authors introduce a new class of multilinear Littlewood--Paley $g_{\lambda}^{*}$ functions and establish the boundedness on weighted Lebesgue spaces. In addition, the authors obtain the boundedness of the multilinear commutator and multilinear iterated commutator generated by the multilinear Littlewood--Paley $g_{\lambda}^{*}$ function and the new $BMO$ function on weighted Lebesgue spaces. The results in this article include the known results in \cite{XY2015,SXY2014}. When $m=1$, that is, in the case of one-linear, our conclusions are also new, further extending the results in \cite{S1961}.Comment: 28 page

Alpha-mangostin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

Purpose: To examine the protective effect of α-mangostin on Freund’s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6). The rats were made arthritic using a single intradermal injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant. α-Mangostin (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for 21 days. After the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and various biochemical markers were assessed.Results: Arthritis-induced rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde (16.28 ± 1.43 vs 7.22 ± 1.03) and nitric oxide (3.82 ± 0.87 vs 6.12 ± 1.23) with a concomitant reduction of antioxidants in the paw tissue. α-Mangostin intervention significantly (p < 0.05) reduced malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and restored antioxidant levels to normalcy by mitigating oxidative stress. The arthritic rats exhibited elevated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum concentrations, upregulated TNF-α and IL–6 protein levels, and upregulated nuclear factor αB (NF-αB) mRNA expression in paw tissues. Treatment with α-mangostin significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum levels and downregulated inflammatory markers to normalcy.Conclusion: The results suggest that α-mangostin displayed a protective effect against adjuvantinduced arthritis in rats mediated through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Freund’s adjuvant, α-Mangostin, Oxidative stress, Inflammatio

Teacher Questioning in College English Class: A Guide to Critical Thinking

Amidst the great revolution in China s education system promoting critical thinking in school education to prepare students for the needs of modern world has been advocated by more and more educators Critical thinking is a learned skill that needs to be cultivated by effective instruction Research suggest that teacher questioning plays an important role in promoting students critical thinking through classroom interaction This article reviews literature on how critical thinking relates to teacher questioning instructional approach and advocates effective use of teacher questioning technique in college English class to actively engage students in the learning process and guide them to critical thinkin

Research on the Status Quo and Satisfaction of ' Internet + ' Home Care Model in Hangzhou in the Post-Epidemic Era

This paper takes Hangzhou as an example to study the current situation of the "Internet +" home care model in Hangzhou in the post-epidemic era and the satisfaction of citizens with this new pension model. We established a structural equation model of citizens' satisfaction with the "Internet +" home care model, and calculated the satisfaction index by combining the CSI satisfaction index

Pathways to High-Quality Tourism Development: An Integrated Analysis of Factor Endowment, Digital Transformation, and Institutional Quality

This study explores how factor endowment, digital transformation, and institutional quality influence high-quality tourism economic development through the lens of endogenous growth theory. Using data from 30 Chinese provinces (2010–2019), it applies panel regression and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify key drivers. Findings reveal three distinct pathways to high-quality tourism economic development, with digital transformation emerging as a universal driver, even in regions with weak institutional support. Challenging conventional institutional perspectives, we demonstrate that institutional quality’s impact is not uniformly positive but context-dependent. Strong digital capabilities or abundant resources can effectively compensate for institutional weaknesses. The study extends endogenous growth theory to tourism and offers valuable guidance for policymakers to optimize resource allocation, accelerate digital transformation, strengthen institutional frameworks, and promote region-specific tourism strategies while fostering regional integration to ensure sustainable and high-quality tourism economic development