The Isotopic Abundance and Content of Sulfur in Meteorites

Isotopic abundance and content of sulfur in stony and iron meteorite

Screening for recombinant human erythropoietin using [Hb], reticulocytes, the OFFhrscore, OFF z score and Hb z score: status of the Blood Passport

Haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), reticulocyte percentage (retic%) and OFFhrscore are well-implemented screening tools to determine potential recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) abuse in athletes. Recently, the International Cycling Union implemented the OFFzscore and the Hbzscore in their anti-doping testing programme. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of these indirect screening methods. Twenty-four human subjects divided into three groups with eight subjects each (G1; G2 and G3) were injected with rHuEpo. G1 and G2 received rHuEpo for a 4-week period with 2weeks of "boosting” followed by 2weeks of "maintenance” and a wash-out period of 3weeks. G3 received rHuEpo for a 10-week period (boost=3weeks; maintenance=7weeks; wash out=1week). Three, seven and eight of the 24 volunteers exceeded the cut-off limits for OFFhrscore, [Hb] and retic%, respectively. One subject from G1, nobody from G2, and seven subjects from G3 exceeded the cut-off limit for Hbzscore. In total, ten subjects exceeded the cut-off limit for the OFFzscore; two subjects from G1, two subjects from G2 and six subjects from G3. In total, indirect screening methods were able to indicate rHuEpo injections in 58% of subjects. However, 42% of our rHuEpo-injected subjects were not detected. It should be emphasised that the test frequency in real world anti-doping is far less than the present study, and hence the detection rate will be lowe

Chinese Assault Rifles, Giant Pandas, and Perpetual Litigation: The Rights without Remedies Dead-End of the FSIA

This Note will examine whether execution immunity under the FSIA may be considered sua sponte by a district court judge and the broad judicial considerations in preserving the narrow and restrictive view of the FSIA to the attachment of assets of a foreign state. To do this, this Note will review the facts and holding of Walters. This Note will then survey the legal background of sovereign immunity, the adoption of the restrictive immunity principle in the U.S., and the creation of the FSIA and the decisions of three appellate courts to adopt the uniform holding that district courts have the right to raise the issue of immunity sua sponte. Next, this Note will look at the reasoning of Walters in light of the decisions of its sister circuits and the broader foreign policy goals of the FSIA, concluding that Walters was decided in accordance with the text and structure of the FSIA. However, this Note will argue that the court\u27s decision leaves certain questions unresolved regarding the scope of discovery against a foreign state and the potential challenges of attaching the assets of a foreign state

The Ethical and Legal Conundrum: Should a Mother Owe a Duty of Care to her Unborn Child?

It is likely that, for emotional and moral reasons, the vast majority of society would agree with the proposition that a mother ought to care for and protect her unborn child. However, it is questionable whether those same members of society would all agree with the imposition of a broad, legally enforceable duty of care on an expectant mother, when armed with knowledge of the consequences that may flow from breach of such a duty. This research paper seeks to examine the competing international policy considerations in order to conclude whether the imposition of such a duty is appropriate and acceptable in modern Australia. This analysis will compare the approaches to such a duty in Canada and the United Kingdom. Presently in Australia, the circumstances under which a mother owes a duty of care to her unborn child are not settled. The Australian legislature and judiciary are yet to reach a definitive conclusion as to the extent of the duty of care owed by a mother to her unborn child

Duty of Mental Health Care Providers to Restrain Their Patients or Warn Third Parties, The

When should liability be imposed upon those who fail to prevent injury or ring the alarm bell? This article addresses two well worn and hotly debated issues from a Missouri perspective. First, should physicians, other mental health care providers, mental health care hospitals, and other facilities be liable for either: (1) the failure to restrain a patient, or (2) the release of a patient who subsequently injures an individual member of the general public? Second, should there be liability for failure to warn specific third persons, members of law enforcement, other officials, or the public generally in such situations

Fuel for the work required: a practical approach to amalgamating train-low paradigms for endurance athletes.

Using an amalgamation of previously studied "train-low" paradigms, we tested the effects of reduced carbohydrate (CHO) but high leucine availability on cell-signaling responses associated with exercise-induced regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle protein synthesis (MPS). In a repeated-measures crossover design, 11 males completed an exhaustive cycling protocol with high CHO availability before, during, and after exercise (HIGH) or alternatively, low CHO but high protein (leucine enriched) availability (LOW + LEU). Muscle glycogen was different (P < 0.05) pre-exercise (HIGH: 583 ± 158, LOW + LEU: 271 ± 85 mmol kg(-1) dw) but decreased (P < 0.05) to comparable levels at exhaustion (≈100 mmol kg(-1) dw). Despite differences (P < 0.05) in exercise capacity (HIGH: 158 ± 29, LOW + LEU: 100 ± 17 min), exercise induced (P < 0.05) comparable AMPKα2 (3-4-fold) activity, PGC-1α (13-fold), p53 (2-fold), Tfam (1.5-fold), SIRT1 (1.5-fold), Atrogin 1 (2-fold), and MuRF1 (5-fold) gene expression at 3 h post-exercise. Exhaustive exercise suppressed p70S6K activity to comparable levels immediately post-exercise (≈20 fmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Despite elevated leucine availability post-exercise, p70S6K activity remained suppressed (P < 0.05) 3 h post-exercise in LOW + LEU (28 ± 14 fmol min(-1) mg(-1)), whereas muscle glycogen resynthesis (40 mmol kg(-1) dw h(-1)) was associated with elevated (P < 0.05) p70S6K activity in HIGH (53 ± 30 fmol min(-1) mg(-1)). We conclude: (1) CHO restriction before and during exercise induces "work-efficient" mitochondrial-related cell signaling but; (2) post-exercise CHO and energy restriction maintains p70S6K activity at basal levels despite feeding leucine-enriched protein. Our data support the practical concept of "fuelling for the work required" as a potential strategy for which to amalgamate train-low paradigms into periodized training programs

Embodied meaning making: A case study investigating the use of gesture in the responses of year 1 children to a wordless picturebook

This research paper explores how embodied communication modes affect the dialogic meaning making of year 1 children when responding to wordless picturebooks. Through observing the paired interactions of children, it appears that children are able to use gesture to navigate between intra-dialogic and inter-dialogic meaning making. A review of the literature identifies talk as a key strategy for meaning making (Mercer, 1994; Alexander, 2011). However, the theory of multimodality is used to support the claim that attention should be paid to how children use embodied modes, specifically gesture, as part of meaning making. It is suggested that this is of significance to year 1 children as they have recently experienced the Early Years Foundation Stage, which supports the use of multimodal resources and responses. Methodologically, this research paper is rooted in qualitative, naturalistic inquiry. This approach was selected for its ability to allow for ‘thick description’ of complex interactions (Geertz, 1993). The research design involved a small-scale, theory-seeking case study that used unstructured video observations. This resulted in multimodal data. Inductive coding, influenced by constructivist grounded theory, was applied to the gestural content of the data. These codes were then grouped into themes that suggested how children used embodied modes to manage space, identify narrative entities, make connections across those entities and to imagine beyond what is immediately present in a visual text. The latter two themes involve creative ‘possibility thinking’ (Craft, 2000). The prominence of creative ‘possibility thinking’ makes a case for recognising the value of embodied modes as part of meaning making for year 1 children. However, it is recognised that the research presented is preliminary and the field of embodied meaning making in primary schools deserves further research

Variations in the Ratios of the Four Stable Sulphur Isotopes in Meteorites and their Relation to Chemical and Nuclear Effects

The isotopic ratios S33/S32, S34/S32 and S36/S32 of different forms of sulphur in a number of meteorites have been studied. The results obtained indicate that processes of chemical fractionation have occurred in some meteorites but that the isotopic composition of the total sulphur in a single meteorite is remarkably constant from meteorite to meteorite. The relationships between the S33, S34 and S36 isotope abundances indicate that variations in these abundances due to inhomogeneities in the processes of nucleo-synthesis are not detectable. Isotopic analysis of sulphur from the iron phase of the Clark County, Pinon and Tlacotepic meteorites has shown the presence of cosmic ray induced spallation S36 and S33. These spallation results are in reasonable agreement with predictions based on production rates of other nuclei.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD