Proses Pembuatan Alat Musik Tradisional Gegedem di Desa Paya Jeget Kecamatan Pegasing Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

Penelitian ini berjudul “Proses Pembuatan Alat Musik Tradisional Gegedem di Desa Paya Jeget Kabupaten Aceh Tengah”. Penelitian ini mengangkat masalah tentang proses pembuatan alat musik tradisional Gegedem di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembuatan alat musik Gegedem. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Paya Jeget Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan mereduksi, menyajikan data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bagian dan tahapan proses pembuatan alat musik tradisional Gegedem diantaranya: memotong badan Gegedem (batang kayu nangka), mengolah kulit kambing (membran), membersihkan rotan (we), baji, radang (rotan besar), sidak, serta cara memproduksi bunyi, sistem pelarasan pada alat musik tradisional Gegedem. Alat yang digunakan pada proses pembuatan alat musik tradisional Gegedem diantaranya: mesin singso (pemotong kayu), Bor Mesin, Pahat kayu, Palu kayu, amplas mesin, dan mesin Grinda. Bahannya berupa; pohon kayu nangka, kulit kambing jantan, dan rotan. Proses pembuatan alat musik Gegedem meliputi beberapa tahap, yaitu: 1) Proses pembuatan Baloh, meliputi penebangan, pengukuran, pengeboran, pemahatan dan finishing pengamplasan halus dan kasar, 2) Proses pengolahan kulit, meliputi perendaman kulit menggunakan kapur, penjemuran, pengambilan lendir dan bulu dan pengukuran lebar diameter, 3) Proses pemasangan, meliputi mujermet, mujalin dan pemasangan sidak dan baji

EFFICACY OF JACOBSON’S RELAXATION TECHNIQUES ON ANXIETY DURING FIRST STAGE OF LABOUR

Background: Labour and giving birth are life-threatening, with primiparturient mothers often experiencing labour anxiety. Jacobson\u27s relaxation techniques can help reduce anxiety and prepare mothers for vaginal delivery instead of caesarean section. Aim: To reduce the level of anxiety among primi parturient mothers in first stage of labour. Objectives: To assess the level of anxiety during first stage of labour among primi parturient mothers. To assess the efficacy of Jacobson’s relaxation techniques on anxiety.To find an association between anxiety with selected demographic variables. Methods and Material: A quantitative research study with one group pretest posttest design was conducted on 55 primi parturient mothers using Jacobson\u27s relaxation techniques from latent to active labor. The study used a purposive sampling technique and an anxiety scale to collect data. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and inferential statistics (Paired’t’ test) were used to draw conclusions. Results: The study found that 89.1% and 10.9% of primi parturient mothers had severe and moderate anxiety before Jacobson\u27s relaxation techniques. After the techniques, 98.2% and 1.8% of mothers experienced moderate and mild anxiety, with no severe anxiety remaining. The pre-test anxiety level was higher than the post-test level, and there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test levels (p<0.001). The anxiety level was also associated with demographic variables (p<0.001).Conclusion: The study concluded that, Jacobson’s relaxation techniques were aneffectivetoreduceanxietyamongprimi parturientmothersduring latent phase of first stageoflabour

EFFECT OF JACOBSON’S RELAXATION TECHNIQUES ON STRESS DURING LATENT PHASE OF LABOUR

Labour is a significant milestone in a mother\u27s life, bringing both joy and stress. Jacobson\u27s relaxation techniques can help alleviate this stress.The study aimed to reduce stress among primi parturient mothers in the first stage of labour. A quantitative research approach was used on 55 mothers using a pre-test post-test research design. Jacobson\u27s relaxation techniques were administered from the latent phase to the active phase of labour. The data was collected using a stress scale and analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 89.1% and 10.9% of primi parturient mothers had severe and moderate stress before theintervention, and 96.4% and 3.6% had moderate and mild stress after the intervention (p<0.001). The study concluded that Jacobson\u27s relaxation techniques was effective in reducing stress during the latent phase of the first stage of labour

Development of Multi-Compartment Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Reactor for Innovative Water Treatment

A novel multi-compartment dielectric barrier discharge (MCDBD) plasma rector is developed and tested to produce plasma-activated water (PAW). MCDBD reactor consists of a polycarbonate container with six compartments. The top electrodes are stainless steel needles connected to AC high-voltage power supply. The bottom of each compartment is replaced with a glass slab and stainless-steel mesh electrodes. Cold plasma is generated in all compartments simultaneously to activate water. Experiments conducted by varying treatment time, power levels, gap between electrodes and water surface, and volume of water. Production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) in PAW is evaluated as per international standards (APHA/AWWA/IS). The application PAW greatly depends on the ROS and RNS concentration so results of MCDBD reactor are compared with conventional reactors. ROS and RNS concentration in 1800 mL water is measured 0.93 M and 0.52 M, respectively, in the MCDBD reactor. ROS and RNS concentration in 500 mL water is found to be 0.6 M and 0.44 M, respectively, in a conventional reactor. Result shows higher concentration of ROS and RNS produced in large volumes of water using MCDBD reactors. Even though the same amount of power is supplied to both conventional and multicompartment reactors, output in terms of ROS and RNS production is significantly greater in new design. Also, ROS and RNS have longer life in MCDBD reactor which is desirable to deactivate the biofilms and water decontamination. Proposed design is found to be more suitable for wastewater treatments, biomedical and agriculture applications

Assessing the Role of Leadership in Promoting Patient-Centered Care

 Introduction:This study aimed to assess the role of leadership in promoting patient-centered care in healthcare organizations. Patient-centered care is an approach that focuses on meeting patients\u27 individual needs and preferences, thereby improving their overall experience and outcomes. Effective leadership is crucial in driving the implementation of patient-centered care in healthcare settings.Methods:A literature review was conducted to gather relevant studies on leadership and patient-centered care. The articles were critically analyzed using a deductive approach to identify key themes and draw conclusions. Results:The review revealed that effective leadership is essential in promoting patient-centered care. Transformational leadership, which emphasizes individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation, was found to be most beneficial in this context. This type of leadership empowers healthcare professionals to actively involve patients in their care actively, leading to higher patient satisfaction and improved outcomes. Servant leadership, which focuses on serving the needs of others, was also found to be effective in promoting patient-centered care.Conclusions:This study highlights the crucial role of leadership in promoting patient-centered care. Healthcare organizations should focus on developing and nurturing transformational and servant leaders to drive the implementation of patient-centered care. By prioritizing patient needs and preferences and involving them in decision-making processes, leaders can create a culture of patient-centered care within their organizations, ultimately improving patient outcomes and experiences. Further research is needed to explore the specific leadership styles and strategies that are most effective in promoting patient-centered care

An assessment of how bio-E10 will impact the vehicle-related ozone contamination in China

Bio-E10 is short for the biofuel made up of 90% gasoline in volume and 10% bio-ethanol, which is the ethanol made from commercially-grown crops such as corn and wheat by the sugar fermentation process. In China, bio-E10 will be supplied nationwide from 2020 as an alternative to conventional gasoline, aiming at ensuring greater energy security and lowering the greenhouse gas emissions. In order to assess the impacts of the upcoming bio-E10 application on the ozone forming potential (OFP) of the emissions from in-use vehicles, this paper examined the carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the evaporative and tailpipe emissions of three China-4 certified in-use vehicles fueled with a market-available gasoline and two match-blend bio-E10s, and calculated their OFPs using the Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) method. The results revealed that for the evaporative emissions, the use of bio-E10s increased the carbonyl and VOC emissions released within the diurnal-loss stage by 8.5–17.6% and 11.1–78.6% respectively, but decreased the carbonyl and VOC emissions in the hot-soak stage by 47.4%–61.5% and 4.8%–20.6% respectively. Regarding the tailpipe emissions, in comparison to the gasoline baseline, burning bio-E10s increased the carbonyls by 15%–46% while reducing the VOCs by 37%–56% over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Reductions in the tailpipe OFPs up to 47.3% were seen with the application of the bio-E10s, however, there were no clear conclusions with respect to the evaporative OFPs, which varied from −15% to ＋25% compared to the gasoline baseline. Based on the test results and census data, the application of bio-E10 in China is shown to help remove part of ozone contamination from the in-use vehicle sector

Biofuels and thermal barrier:a review on compression ignition engine performance, combustion and exhaust gas emission

The performance of an internal combustion engine is affected when renewable biofuels are used instead of fossil fuels in an unmodified engine. Various engine modifications were experimented by the researchers to optimise the biofuels operated engine performance. Thermal barrier coating is one of the techniques used to improve the biofuels operated engine performance and combustion characteristics by reducing the heat loss from the combustion chamber. In this study, engine tests results on performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of the biofuels operated thermal barrier coated engines were collated and reviewed. The results found in the literature were reviewed in three scenarios: (i) uncoated versus coated engine for fossil diesel fuel application, (ii) uncoated versus coated engine for biofuels (and blends) application, and (iii) fossil diesel use on uncoated engine versus biofuel (and blends) use on coated engine. Effects of injection timing, injection pressure and fuel properties on thermal barrier coatings were also discussed. The material type, thickness and properties of the coating materials used by the research community were presented. The effectiveness and durability of the coating layer depends on two key properties: low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient. The current study showed that thermal barrier coatings could potentially offset the performance drop due to use of biofuels in the compression ignition engines. Improvements of up to 4.6% in torque, 7.8% in power output, 13.4% in brake specific fuel consumption, 15.4% in brake specific energy consumption and 10.7% in brake thermal efficiency were reported when biofuels or biofuel blends were used in the thermal barrier coated engines as compared to the uncoated engines. In coated engines, peak cylinder pressure and exhaust gas temperature were increased by up to 16.3 bar and 14% respectively as compared to uncoated condition. However, changes in the heat release rates were reported to be between −27% and +13.8% as compared to uncoated standard engine. Reductions of CO, CO2, HC and smoke emissions were reported by up to 3.8%, 11.1%, 90.9% and 63% respectively as compared to uncoated engines. Significant decreases in the PM emissions were also reported due to use of thermal barrier coatings in the combustion chamber. In contrast, at high speed and at high load operation, increase in the CO and CO2 emissions were also reported in coated engines. Coated engines gave higher NOx emissions by about 4–62.9% as compared to uncoated engines. Combined effects of thermal barrier coatings and optimisation of fuel properties and injection parameters produced further performance and emissions advantages compared to only thermal barrier coated engines. Overall, current review study showed that application of thermal barrier coatings in compression ignition engines could be beneficial when biofuels or biofuel blends are used instead of standard fossil diesel. However, more research is needed combining coatings, types of biofuels and other engine modifications to establish a concrete conclusion on the effectiveness of the thermal barrier when biofuels are used in the compression ignition engine. Reduction of NOx emissions is another important R & D area

Combustion and Performance Characteristics of CI Engine Running with Biodiesel

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels which is renewable and environmentally friendly and can be used in diesel engines with little or no modifications. In the present study, experimental investigations were carried out on the effects of biodiesel types, biodiesel fraction and physical properties on the combustion and performance characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine. The experimental work was conducted on a four-cylinder, four -stroke, direct injection (DI) and turbocharged diesel engine by using biodiesel of waste oil, rapeseed oil and corn oil and normal diesel. Based on the measured parameters, detailed analyses were carried out on cylinder pressure, heat release rate and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). It has been seen that the biodiesel types do not result in any significant differences in peak cylinder pressure and BSFC. The results also clearly indicate that the engine running with biodiesel have slightly higher in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate than the engine running with normal diesel. The BSFC for the engine running with neat biodiesel was higher than the engine running with normal diesel by up to 15%. It is also noticed that the physical properties of the biodiesel affects significantly the performance of the engine