Persepsi Ibu Terhadap Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar Di Surakarta

Reproductive education given as early as possible to the child, but the parents ' lack of knowledge of the information the right education is still a constraint, but there are still plenty of parents do not give reproductive health education. The survey results showed 2 of 5 mothers has yet to provide reproductive health education on his son. The purpose of this research is mendiskripsikan mother's perceptions towards reproductive health education in the elementary school age children in Surakarta. This type of research is qualitative research case studies by taking data using depth interview. The results showed that the mother's perception towards reproductive health education that is not yet the time given to children aged 6-12 years, but given the time of JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL age. The attitude of the mother is very supportive in providing education of kespro, however according to informants, the primary age children are still patterned think innocent. At the age of these should have been given the education of reproductive health but with supervision and the correct information. Reproductive health education is important to given with the purpose of forming the mindset toward maturity. At the age of 6-12 years the informant has not been getting the reproductive health education, so feel the Cubs also have not time given reproductive health education. Reproductive health education is provided not only by parents, but can through technology and related service information

TEOREMA KETUNGGALAN TITIK TETAP PADA RUANG b-METRIK LENGKAP

Artikel ini membahas tentang ruang b- metrik. Ruang b-metrik adalah perumuman ruang metrik. Materi yang dibahas dalam ruang b-metrik di antaranya adalah barisan konvergen dan Cauchy, ruang b-metrik lengkap serta teorema ketunggalan titik tetap pada ruang b-metrik lengkap. Teorema ketunggalan titik tetap pada ruang b-metrik diperoleh menggunakan pemetaan kontraktif, C-kontraktif dan K-kontraktif. Kata kunci: titik tetap , ruang metrik, ruang b-metrik, pemetaan kontraktif, C-kontraktif, K-kontrakti

Factors Affecting Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises: A Case of Adola Woyu Town, Guji Zone Oromia Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to assess the challenging factors for growth of micro and small enterprises in Adola Woyu town. It covers both internal and external environment factors that have potential influences on growth transformation of MSE in town. The study adopted a mixed research approach. The primary data was collected from the member of MSE and concerned officials through written questionnaire and interviews. Data was collected from 212 respondents through those data collection tools. Both probability and non-probability sampling techniques were employed to select sample from targeted populations. MSE in Adola town were classified in five strata namely Trade, Manufacturing; Urban agriculture, Services and construction and sample were drawn from each stratum proportionally. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select interviewers from MSE members as well as from concerned officials. 5-point Likert scale questions were employed to investigate about the factors hinders smooth growth of MSE study area for in-depth investigation of respondents’ feeling and believes through this attitudinal scale questions. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. Frequency table, percentage, mean and standard deviation from descriptive and correlation and multiple regression were used for analysis. The findings of the study reveal that both internal and external variables have significant effects on growth of MSE in Adola town. Hence, it was recommended that both government and member of MSE should give more attention and watch both internal and external factors to ensure sustainable growth of MSE

Role of stress-activated OCT4A in the cell fate decisions of embryonal carcinoma cells treated with etoposide

Tumor cellular senescence induced by genotoxic treatments has recently been found to be paradoxically linked to the induction of “stemness.” This observation is critical as it directly impinges upon the response of tumors to current chemo-radio-therapy treatment regimens. Previously, we showed that following etoposide (ETO) treatment embryonal carcinoma PA-1 cells undergo a p53-dependent upregulation of OCT4A and p21Cip1 (governing self-renewal and regulating cell cycle inhibition and senescence, respectively). Here we report further detail on the relationship between these and other critical cell-fate regulators. PA-1 cells treated with ETO display highly heterogeneous increases in OCT4A and p21Cip1 indicative of dis-adaptation catastrophe. Silencing OCT4A suppresses p21Cip1, changes cell cycle regulation and subsequently suppresses terminal senescence; p21Cip1-silencing did not affect OCT4A expression or cellular phenotype. SOX2 and NANOG expression did not change following ETO treatment suggesting a dissociation of OCT4A from its pluripotency function. Instead, ETO-induced OCT4A was concomitant with activation of AMPK, a key component of metabolic stress and autophagy regulation. p16ink4a, the inducer of terminal senescence, underwent autophagic sequestration in the cytoplasm of ETO-treated cells, allowing alternative cell fates. Accordingly, failure of autophagy was accompanied by an accumulation of p16ink4a, nuclear disintegration, and loss of cell recovery. Together, these findings imply that OCT4A induction following DNA damage in PA-1 cells, performs a cell stress, rather than self-renewal, function by moderating the expression of p21Cip1, which alongside AMPK helps to then regulate autophagy. Moreover, this data indicates that exhaustion of autophagy, through persistent DNA damage, is the cause of terminal cellular senescence

Hubungan antara aktivitas gerak lokomotor dengan keterampilan motorik kasar anak usia dini: penelitian kuantitatif di kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Kota Bandung)

Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti di kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Panyileukan Kota Bandung menunjukan bahwa keterampilan motorik kasar memiliki kualifikasi belum berkembang. Hal ini dibuktikan pada saat kegiatan di lapangan dilakukan, anak berlari tidak pada garis lurus, melompat kemudian mendarat tidak seimbang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1)Aktivitas gerak lokomotor di kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Kota Bandung, (2)Keterampilan motorik kasar di kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Kota Bandung, (3)Hubungan aktivitas gerak lokomotor dengan keterampilan motorik kasar anak usia dini di kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Panyileukan Kota Bandung. Usia dini merupakan masa yang fundamental bagi perkembangan pribadi anak, salah satunya adalah keterampilan motorik kasar. Dengan motorik kasar anak mampu mengkoordinasikan sebagian besar bagian tubuh anak. Gerakan motorik kasar melibatkan aktivitas otot-otot besar seperti otot tangan, otot kaki dan seluruh tubuh anak. Motorik kasar adalah kemampuan gerak tubuh yang menggunakan otot-otot besar, sebagian besar atau seluruh anggota tubuh motorik kasar diperlukan anak dapat duduk, menendang, berlari, dan naik turun tangga. Gerak lokomotor merupakan salah satu aktivitas dari motorik kasar, gerak lokomotor merupakan macam-macam keterampilan yang sangat perlu adanya bimbingan, latihan, dan pengembangan agar anak-anak dapat melaksanakan dengan baik dan benar. Gerak lokomotor merupakan gerak yang menjadi fondasi untuk dipelajari dan diperkenalkan pada anak usia dini. Adapun gerak tersebut yaitu: berjalan, berlari, melompat, mendarat, dan meluncur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional di mana datanya berupa angka-angka. Data dalam penelitian ini di peroleh melalui penilaian teknik observasi, unjuk kerja, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Panyileukan Kota Bandung yang berjumlah 12 anak. Hasil penelitian mengenai hubungan antara aktivitas gerak lokomotor dengan keterampilan motorik kasar kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Panyileukan Kota Bandung adanya hubungan (korelasi) antara kedua variabel dan hubungan keduanya berada pada kategori kuat/tinggi, ini ditujukan oleh harga koefisien sebesar 0,72 ini di karenakan nilai 0,72 berada pada interval korelasi koefisien 0,600-0,799 berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH). Kontribusi yang diberikan gerak lokomotor sebesar 31%, terhadap keterampilan motorik kasar di Kelompok B2 RA Al-Muhajir Panyileukan Kota Bandung. Sedangkan 69% tidak mempengaruhi, atau dengan kata lain aktivitas gerak lokomotor akan mempengaruhi keterampilan motorik kasar anak sebesar 31% dan 69% lagi keterampilan motorik kasar anak akan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain

EFEKTIVITAS DOSIS EKSTRAK BIJI KARET (Havea brasiliensi) TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN ANESTESI BENIH IKAN KOI (Cyprinus carpio)

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) is a type of freshwater ornamental fish that is in great demand because it has an attractive color pattern. Seed transportation activities are generally carried out at high densities which can cause fish to become stressed to the point of death. Prior to transportation, it is necessary to have anesthetic activities to find out how long the fish survive with a certain dose. The use of natural anesthetic substances has been widely used, one of which is rubber seed extract (Havea brasiliensi). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of rubber seed extract on the success of koi fish seeds. The research was conducted in January 2023. The research method used a completely randomized design, consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The results of this study showed that the higher the concentration of rubber seed extract given, the faster the test fish fainted. Whereas for the survival of koi fish seeds in the highest anesthetic success test, P1 (control) was 100% because at P1 no treatment was given, and the lowest result was in treatment P4 (5ml/L) of 62%.Keywords: Anesthesia, Rubber seeds, koi fish, oxygen consumption rat

Occupational health and safety activities of Port Elizabeth's integrated Department of Labour Inspectorate in 2005

Thesis (M.P.H.(Occupational Hygiene)), Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand, 2009This study was aimed at describing the nature of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) inspections and blitzes conducted in the Port Elizabeth Integrated Department of Labour (DoL) in 2005, the nature and number of prohibitions, contraventions, as well as improvement notices issued. The objectives were to determine the number of OHS inspections conducted in the Port Elizabeth Labour Centre (PELC) in 2005; to describe the nature of the inspections and the type of industries inspected in the PELC in 2005; and to determine the frequency and nature of prohibitions, contraventions and improvement notices issued. The data was obtained from the PELC. The results of the study revealed that the inspectorate conducted a total of 1258 and this exceeded the target of 800 OHS inspections for the PELC. However, it is questionable how this target was developed. The target is not representative and does not give an overall picture of conditions in the workplace. The results indicated that inspectors were not competent in conducting boiler inspections as well on Major Hazardous Installation (MHI) since none of these inspections were conducted. On the inception of the OHS task team, there was a sudden increase in inspections conducted in the construction industry in October 2005 as well as the rate of finalisation of incidents in November 2005 and this was attributed to the fact that they were not conducting inspections on other labour laws and were only focusing on OHS. An assessment of the inspectors’ inspection checklists revealed that the inspections were being reduced to just a yes or no tick exercise, with no recommendation on appropriate action to be taken by the employer. It became evident that the inception of a special team in September 2005 contributed to an increased number of OHS inspections, since they were only focusing on OHS issues. This team ensured that in November 2005 there were 43 incidents finalised as compared to the 101 finalised over 11 months. They also ensured that a total of 258 OHS inspections were conducted from September 2005 to December 2005. Although these inspectors were not fully competent in addressing health and s afety issues their momentary focus on OHS activities ensured that they made a difference in the rate of finalisation of incidents. However, when some of the cases were taken to court no successful prosecution could be obtained because there are no OHS focused prosecutors, which have a clear understanding of Act. Discussions with the inspectors revealed that there was a lack of morale and loss of interest in their work, thus causing them not to put in much effort. These discussions revealed that this lack of morale was caused by the frustrations they often experienced in the execution of their duties due to lack of training as well as lack of cooperation from the employers. Furthermore, the inspectors revealed that the great number of resignations from inspectors who were leaving for greener pastures left them with a lot of work with no financial incentive. It also became apparent that there was no objective strategy underlying the number of inspections required relative to the purpose of the inspections, taking into account the nature and complexity of the industry that is to be inspected. The failure of the Service Delivery Unit to give a direction on how qualitative inspections should be measured demoralised them because the focus was only on the quantity (240 inspections per annum) of inspections that are to be conducted by each inspector. It is recommended that training, which should include a proper career path be conducted for inspectors to improve the inspectors’ capability and to motivate them. Strong relations with the South African Police Services and the Department of Justice should be promoted to ensure effectiveness of service delivery. These relations will ensure that inspectors are readily assisted by the police when they deal with uncooperative employers. Training of prosecutors will ensure that they understand the OHSA and its implementation and therefore effectively defend cases that are taken to court. The targets set for inspections should be scientifically supported and take into account the nature and complexity of the production processes. Lastly, revision of salary packages should be looked into to ensure retention of competent staff. The above recommendations will only be effective if the Business Unit Manager and the Regional Manager address them through the National Department of Labour since their implementation will affect all inspectors

Two new rapid SNP-typing methods for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex into the main phylogenetic lineages

There is increasing evidence that strain variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) might influence the outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease. To assess genotype-phenotype associations, phylogenetically robust molecular markers and appropriate genotyping tools are required. Most current genotyping methods for MTBC are based on mobile or repetitive DNA elements. Because these elements are prone to convergent evolution, the corresponding genotyping techniques are suboptimal for phylogenetic studies and strain classification. By contrast, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are ideal markers for classifying MTBC into phylogenetic lineages, as they exhibit very low degrees of homoplasy. In this study, we developed two complementary SNP-based genotyping methods to classify strains into the six main human-associated lineages of MTBC, the 'Beijing' sublineage, and the clade comprising Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. Phylogenetically informative SNPs were obtained from 22 MTBC whole-genome sequences. The first assay, referred to as MOL-PCR, is a ligation-dependent PCR with signal detection by fluorescent microspheres and a Luminex flow cytometer, which simultaneously interrogates eight SNPs. The second assay is based on six individual TaqMan real-time PCR assays for singleplex SNP-typing. We compared MOL-PCR and TaqMan results in two panels of clinical MTBC isolates. Both methods agreed fully when assigning 36 well-characterized strains into the main phylogenetic lineages. The sensitivity in allele-calling was 98.6% and 98.8% for MOL-PCR and TaqMan, respectively. Typing of an additional panel of 78 unknown clinical isolates revealed 99.2% and 100% sensitivity in allele-calling, respectively, and 100% agreement in lineage assignment between both methods. While MOL-PCR and TaqMan are both highly sensitive and specific, MOL-PCR is ideal for classification of isolates with no previous information, whereas TaqMan is faster for confirmation. Furthermore, both methods are rapid, flexible and comparably inexpensive

Self-Renewal Signalling in Presenescent Tetraploid IMR90 Cells

Endopolyploidy and genomic instability are shared features of both stress-induced cellular senescence and malignant growth. Here, we examined these facets in the widely used normal human fibroblast model of senescence, IMR90. At the presenescence stage, a small (2–7%) proportion of cells overcome the 4n-G1 checkpoint, simultaneously inducing self-renewal (NANOG-positivity), the DNA damage response (DDR; γ-H2AX-positive foci), and senescence (p16inka4a- and p21CIP1-positivity) signalling, some cells reach octoploid DNA content and divide. All of these markers initially appear and partially colocalise in the perinucleolar compartment. Further, with development of senescence and accumulation of p16inka4a and p21CIP1, NANOG is downregulated in most cells. The cells increasingly arrest in the 4n-G1 fraction, completely halt divisions and ultimately degenerate. A positive link between DDR, self-renewal, and senescence signalling is initiated in the cells overcoming the tetraploidy barrier, indicating that cellular and molecular context of induced tetraploidy during this period of presenescence is favourable for carcinogenesis

The BOBO Project: Hexa-Eagles

The consumer business has undergone a substantial shift in how customers to shop since the introduction of online shopping. When the world was affected by Covid-19 in 2020, one of the most major repercussions was in the Food & Beverage (F&B) and grocery industries. As a result of the pandemic, many cities were put under lockdown, and everyone remained indoors. Consumer purchasing patterns changed dramatically, with malls closing or operating with limited access, and customers avoiding common spaces for fear of getting the virus. As the global epidemic progressed, several firms were forced to close their physical locations due to huge losses arising from a lack of consumer purchases. However, many firms relocated their products and services online, giving courier and delivery services a major boost. This gave the last-mile or last-quarter-mile delivery industry a chance to demonstrate its efficiency, convenience, and safety. These are the parts of the delivery process when goods or services are delivered directly to customers from local stores or a satellite consolidation and re-delivery center. Riders and drivers for delivery services rose to the occasion and assisted in keeping life as normal as possible