Marketing and Transportation of Grain By Local Cooperatives

A total of 2,060 local cooperative associations handled 4.7 billion bushels of grain during the 1982-83 marketing year. This is about 41 percent of all grain sold off-farm during the year. Cooperative grain storage capacity totaled 2.5 billion bushels. Corn, at 1 .5 billion bushels, ranked as the leading grain marketed; wheat was second at slightly under 1.0 billion. More than half of the grain sold by local cooperatives moved by truck.cooperatives, grain handling, grain elevator, grain bank, grain transportation, Agribusiness,

Beyond Serial Founder Effects: The Impact of Admixture and Localized Gene Flow on Patterns of Regional Genetic Diversity

Objectives. Geneticists have argued that the linear decay in within-population genetic diversity with increasing geographic distance from East Africa is best explained by a phylogenetic process of founder effects, growth, and isolation termed serial founder effects (SFE). However, the SFE process has not yet been adequately vetted against other evolutionary processes that may also affect geospatial patterns of diversity. Additionally, studies of SFE have been largely based on a limited 52 population sample from the HGDP-CEPH. Here, we assess the effects of SFE, admixture, and localized gene flow processes on patterns of global and regional diversity using a published dataset consisting of 645 autosomal microsatellite genotypes from 5,415 individuals in 248 widespread populations. Materials and Methods. Because SFE is a phylogenetic process, we used a formal tree-fitting approach to explore the role of the process in shaping patterns of global and regional diversity. The approach involved fitting global and regional population trees to extant patterns of gene diversity and then systematically examining the deviations in fit. We also informally tested the SFE process using linear models of gene diversity vs. waypoint geographic distances from Africa. Because gene flow and phylogenetic processes can both shape geospatial patterns of diversity, we tested the role of localized gene flow using partial Mantel correlograms of gene diversity vs. geographic distance controlling for the confounding effects of tree-like genetic structure. Results. We corroborate previous findings that global patterns of diversity, both within and between populations, are the product of an out-of-Africa SFE process. Within regions, however, diversity within populations is uncorrelated with geographic distance from Africa. Instead, deviations in the fit of regional population trees are largely the product of recent inter-regional admixture. Additionally, in several regions, we found that positive correlations between pairwise gene diversity and geographic distance, frequently attributed to localized gene flow, were instead the product of phylogenetic processes associated with initial peopling or subsequent range expansions. Conclusions. Detailed analyses of the pattern of diversity within and between populations reveal that the signatures of different evolutionary processes dominate at different geographic scales. These findings have important implications for recent publications on the biology of race

Optical Continuum and Emission-Line Variability of Seyfert 1 Galaxies

We present the light curves obtained during an eight-year program of optical spectroscopic monitoring of nine Seyfert 1 galaxies: 3C 120, Akn 120, Mrk 79, Mrk 110, Mrk 335, Mrk 509, Mrk 590, Mrk 704, and Mrk 817. All objects show significant variability in both the continuum and emission-line fluxes. We use cross-correlation analysis to derive the sizes of the broad Hbeta-emitting regions based on emission-line time delays, or lags. We successfully measure time delays for eight of the nine sources, and find values ranging from about two weeks to a little over two months. Combining the measured lags and widths of the variable parts of the emission lines allows us to make virial mass estimates for the active nucleus in each galaxy. The virial masses are in the range 10^{7-8} solar masses.Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

Harnessing Satelite Observations and Deep Learning to Identify Irrigated Fields

https://louis.uah.edu/rceu-hcr/1132/thumbnail.jp

UA37/2 If This Next Apocalypse Gets Canceled or Postponed

Poem written by WKU English professor Tom Hunley during Covid-19 pandemic

Awe To Ennui

p. 2